RESUMO
Pomegranate peel-derived extracellular nanovesicles(PPENs) were isolated and purified by ultra-high speed centrifugation and sucrose density gradient centrifugation. Their morphology and structure were characterized. In vitro α-glucosidase inhibition assay and model test of insulin resistance(IR) in HepG2 cells showed that PPENs had good anti-diabetic activity. The IC_(50) value of α-glucosidase inhibition was(35.3±1.1) µg·mL~(-1), significantly better than the positive drug acarbose. At a concentration of 100 µg·mL~(-1), PPENs could increase the glucose absorption of IR cells significantly. Lipidome, proteome, and metabolite analysis of PPENs were performed using chromatography-mass spectrometry. MicroRNA(miRNA) sequences were identified, and target genes of miRNA were predicted. The analysis results indicated that PPENs contained abundant lipids and transport proteins, providing a material basis for the transportation and distribution of PPENs in tissue. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes(KEGG) pathway enrichment analysis suggested that lipids and miRNAs may be the key components of PPENs to exert anti-diabetic activity.
Assuntos
Hipoglicemiantes , Punica granatum , Punica granatum/química , Humanos , Células Hep G2 , Hipoglicemiantes/química , Hipoglicemiantes/farmacologia , Vesículas Extracelulares/química , Vesículas Extracelulares/metabolismo , Vesículas Extracelulares/genética , MicroRNAs/genética , alfa-Glucosidases/genética , alfa-Glucosidases/química , alfa-Glucosidases/metabolismo , Frutas/química , Medicamentos de Ervas Chinesas/farmacologia , Medicamentos de Ervas Chinesas/química , Inibidores de Glicosídeo Hidrolases/química , Inibidores de Glicosídeo Hidrolases/farmacologia , Nanopartículas/químicaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Red fruits are characterised by a particularly high content of bioactive compounds, e.g. anthocyanins, tannins, pectins, vitamins and minerals. Dietary supply of proper amounts of antioxidants is essential to reduce oxidative stress, and thus is an important element in the prevention of lifestyle diseases. OBJECTIVE: The aim of the study was to evaluate and compare the content of polyphenols in selected red fruit juices (chokeberry, elderberry, pomegranate, cranberry), as well as to assess the impact of storage time on the content of these compounds in the analysed samples. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The research material consisted of 17 juices (100%): 3 chokeberry juices, 4 elderberry juices, 5 pomegranate juices and 5 cranberry juices, which differed in terms of the manufacturer, type, price range, country of origin and production method. The total polyphenol content was measured by spectrophotometry using the Folin�Ciocalteu reagent. The procedure was based on a modified method described by Waterhouse. Active acidity (pH) was measured with the potentiometric method using a pH-meter and the sucrose content was measured using a refractometer. RESULTS: The highest mean content of polyphenolic compounds was found in chokeberry and elderberry juices. Juice storage time did not reduce the mean content of polyphenolic compounds. The highest sucrose content was found in chokeberry juices and the lowest in cranberry juice. CONCLUSIONS: Chokeberry and elderberry juices had the highest content of polyphenols among the tested products. Juices stored after opening in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions (at 4°C) do not lose their nutritional properties.
Assuntos
Antioxidantes , Sucos de Frutas e Vegetais , Frutas , Polifenóis , Sucos de Frutas e Vegetais/análise , Frutas/química , Antioxidantes/análise , Polifenóis/análise , Fenóis/análise , Humanos , Vaccinium macrocarpon/química , Punica granatum/química , Sambucus/químicaRESUMO
Pomegranate (Punica granatum) is a tree of the Punicaceae family that is widespread all over the world and has several types and therapeutic uses. The current study aimed to investigate the phytochemical compounds by GC analysis and carried out physical characterization of the pomegranate seed oil and its self-nanoemulsifying system. Then antioxidant, anti-diabetic, and anti-lipase activities were investigated for both.The pomegranate seed oil was extracted, and its self-nanoemulsifying system was then prepared. Phytochemical compounds were analyzed by GC, and physical characterization was established of the pomegranate seed oil and its self-nanoemulsifying system. Then antioxidant, anti-diabetic, and anti-lipase activities were investigated for both.The GC-MS analysis revealed that punicic acid, ß-eleosteric acid, catalpic acid, α-eleosteric acid, and oleic acid were the most predominant compounds in pomegranate seed oil. Other active compounds like linoleic acid, palmitic acid, stearic acid, and α-linolenic acid were detected in trace percentages. The self-nanoemulsifying system was prepared using various concentrations of surfactant (Tween 80), co-surfactant (Span 80), and pomegranate seed oil. The selected formulation had a PDI of 0.229 ± 0.09 and a droplet size of 189.44 ± 2.1 nm. The free radical scavenging activity of pomegranate seed oil, the self-emulsifying system, and Trolox was conducted using DPPH. The oil-self-nanoemulsifying system showed potent antioxidant activity compared to Trolox. Also, pomegranate oil inhibited α-amylase with a weak IC50 value of 354.81 ± 2.3 µg/ml. The oil self-nanoemulsifying system showed potent activity compared to acarbose and had a weaker IC50 value (616.59 ± 2.1 µg/ml) and a potent IC50 value (43.65 ± 1.9 µg/ml) compared to orlistat.Pomegranate seed oil self-nanoemulsifying system could be applied in the future for the preparation of possible oral medications for the prevention and treatment of oxidative stress, diabetes, and obesity due to its high activity against free radical, amylase, and lipase enzymes compared to pomegranate seed oil itself and the references used. This study reveals that self-nanoemulsion systems can enhance oil drug formulations by improving pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics, acting as drug reservoirs, and facilitating efficient oil release.
Assuntos
Antioxidantes , Emulsões , Hipoglicemiantes , Óleos de Plantas , Punica granatum , Sementes , Punica granatum/química , Antioxidantes/química , Antioxidantes/farmacologia , Sementes/química , Emulsões/química , Óleos de Plantas/química , Óleos de Plantas/farmacologia , Hipoglicemiantes/química , Hipoglicemiantes/farmacologia , Compostos Fitoquímicos/química , Compostos Fitoquímicos/farmacologia , Compostos Fitoquímicos/análise , Fármacos Antiobesidade/química , Fármacos Antiobesidade/farmacologia , Lipase/antagonistas & inibidores , Lipase/metabolismo , Nanopartículas/químicaRESUMO
Pomegranate is an important fruit crop that is usually managed manually through experience. Intelligent management systems for pomegranate orchards can improve yields and address labor shortages. Fast and accurate detection of pomegranates is one of the key technologies of this management system, crucial for yield and scientific management. Currently, most solutions use deep learning to achieve pomegranate detection, but deep learning is not effective in detecting small targets and large parameters, and the computation speed is slow; therefore, there is room for improving the pomegranate detection task. Based on the improved You Only Look Once version 5 (YOLOv5) algorithm, a lightweight pomegranate growth period detection algorithm YOLO-Granada is proposed. A lightweight ShuffleNetv2 network is used as the backbone to extract pomegranate features. Using grouped convolution reduces the computational effort of ordinary convolution, and using channel shuffle increases the interaction between different channels. In addition, the attention mechanism can help the neural network suppress less significant features in the channels or space, and the Convolutional Block Attention Module attention mechanism can improve the effect of attention and optimize the object detection accuracy by using the contribution factor of weights. The average accuracy of the improved network reaches 0.922. It is only less than 1% lower than the original YOLOv5s model (0.929) but brings a speed increase and a compression of the model size. and the detection speed is 17.3% faster than the original network. The parameters, floating-point operations, and model size of this network are compressed to 54.7%, 51.3%, and 56.3% of the original network, respectively. In addition, the algorithm detects 8.66 images per second, achieving real-time results. In this study, the Nihui convolutional neural network framework was further utilized to develop an Android-based application for real-time pomegranate detection. The method provides a more accurate and lightweight solution for intelligent management devices in pomegranate orchards, which can provide a reference for the design of neural networks in agricultural applications.
Assuntos
Algoritmos , Frutas , Redes Neurais de Computação , Punica granatum , Punica granatum/química , Aprendizado ProfundoRESUMO
In this study, pomegranate seed waste (PSW) was added into sand filter (SF) to increase removal efficiency of Lead (Pb(II)) and Copper (Cu(II)) from polluted water. The performance of PSW was compared with activated carbon (AC) as a typical adsorbent. Based on the SEM, EDX, FTIR, XRD, BET and proximate analyses, PSW had porous structure with specific surface area of 2.76 m2/g and active compounds which suggested PSW as an appropriate adsorbent for heavy metals (HMs) adsorption. According to the batch experiments, SF without treatment could only remove 46% and 35% of Pb(II) and Cu(II), respectively. These numbers increased to 88% and 75% for Pb(II) and Cu(II) by adding 3 g/kg PSW to the SF, respectively under the optimal conditions of HMs initial concentrations = 100 mg/L, pH = 7 and contact time = 60 min. The adsorption kinetic and isotherm followed the pseudo-first-order and Langmuir models, respectively indicating that mainly physisorption was involved in the HMs adsorption process of PSW. Based on the column experiments (flow rate = 62.5 mL/min), the Pb(II) and Cu(II) removal increased from 14% to 60% and 10%-55%, respectively after 5 pore volumes (40 min) by adding 3 g/kg PSW to the SF. Breakthrough curves matched better with Thomas mode rather than Adam's Bohart proving Langmuir adsorption isotherm. Our finding suggested modification of SF with PSW is a promising approach for efficient removal of HMs from water.
Assuntos
Cobre , Filtração , Chumbo , Poluentes Químicos da Água , Purificação da Água , Adsorção , Cobre/química , Cobre/isolamento & purificação , Chumbo/química , Chumbo/isolamento & purificação , Cinética , Poluentes Químicos da Água/química , Poluentes Químicos da Água/análise , Filtração/métodos , Purificação da Água/métodos , Areia/química , Punica granatum/química , Sementes/químicaRESUMO
Urinary tract infection caused by Klebsiella, Proteus and Streptococcus is a urease dependent process, hence treatment of these infections by antibacterial compounds lies in inhibition of their virulence factors. The crude methanolic extracts derived from sumac fruit, pomegranate peel and Indian almond leaves were separated into anthocyanin and non-anthocyanin fractions using solid phase cartridges. The inhibitory effect of these fractions was determined on the growth of urease producing species and jack bean urease activity. Known compounds in the fractions were also docked with ureases of different biological origins viz. K. pneumoniae (PDB ID: 8HCN), K. aerogenes (PDB ID: 2KAU), Helicobacter pylori (PDB ID:8HC1)and Canavalia ensiformis (jack bean) (PDB ID: 3LA4) to determine their binding affinities and interaction with the enzyme. All the fractions showed significant inhibition growth for P. mirabilis, S. epidermidis and K.pneumoniae. Among the samples, sumac showed greatest inhibition against all (MIC 6-25 mg.mL-1) while among the fractions, anthocyanin was found to be most active (MIC 6-12 mg/mL). Likewise, all fractions inhibited urease with lowest ICs50 shown by sumac fractions (21-116 µg.mL-1). Out of 39 compounds docked, 27 showed interaction with movable flaps and/or active site of ureases which explains their mode of inhibition.
Assuntos
Polifenóis , Punica granatum , Prunus dulcis , Urease , Urease/antagonistas & inibidores , Urease/metabolismo , Polifenóis/farmacologia , Polifenóis/química , Punica granatum/química , Prunus dulcis/química , Canavalia/enzimologia , Extratos Vegetais/farmacologia , Extratos Vegetais/química , Antibacterianos/farmacologia , Antibacterianos/química , Inibidores Enzimáticos/farmacologia , Inibidores Enzimáticos/química , Testes de Sensibilidade Microbiana , Simulação de Acoplamento Molecular , Bactérias/efeitos dos fármacos , Bactérias/enzimologiaRESUMO
Amidst the growing concern of antimicrobial resistance as a significant health challenge, research has emerged, focusing on elucidating the antimicrobial potential of polyphenol-rich extracts to reduce reliance on antibiotics. Previous studies explored the antifungal effects of extracts as potential alternatives to conventional therapeutic strategies. We aimed to assess the antibacterial and antifungal effects of standardised pomegranate extract (PE) and lemon extract (LE) using a range of Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria and two yeast species. Additionally, we assessed the antimicrobial activities of common antibiotics (Ciprofloxacin, Imipenem, Gentamicin, and Ceftazidime), either alone or in combination with extracts, against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. PE displayed substantial antibacterial (primarily bactericidal) and antifungal effects against most pathogens, while LE exhibited antibacterial (mostly bacteriostatic) and antifungal properties to a lesser extent. When compared with antibiotics, PE showed a greater zone of inhibition (ZOI) than Ciprofloxacin and Ceftazidime (p < 0.01) and comparable ZOI to Gentamicin (p = 0.4) against Staphylococcus aureus. However, combinations of either PE or LE with antibiotics exhibited either neutral or antagonistic effects on antibiotic activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. These findings contribute to the existing evidence regarding the antimicrobial effects of PE and LE. They add to the body of research suggesting that polyphenols exert both antagonistic and synergistic effects in antimicrobial activity. This highlights the importance of identifying optimal polyphenol concentrations that can enhance antibiotic activity and reduce antibiotic resistance. Further in vivo studies, starting with animal trials and progressing to human trials, may potentially lead to recommendation of these extracts for therapeutic use.
Assuntos
Antibacterianos , Citrus , Testes de Sensibilidade Microbiana , Extratos Vegetais , Punica granatum , Extratos Vegetais/farmacologia , Extratos Vegetais/química , Antibacterianos/farmacologia , Punica granatum/química , Citrus/química , Staphylococcus aureus/efeitos dos fármacos , Escherichia coli/efeitos dos fármacos , Sinergismo Farmacológico , Antifúngicos/farmacologia , Antifúngicos/química , Anti-Infecciosos/farmacologia , Anti-Infecciosos/químicaRESUMO
Background: Healing of bum wounds is commonly associated with many complications. Every year various new repair materials are developed and experimentally used for treating burn wounds. Humans with diabetes mellitus usually suffer from chronic wound healing. Vascular, neuropathic, immune function, and biochemical abnormalities each contribute to the altered tissue repair. One underlying factor that accompanies all diabetic ulcerations is poor vascular flow, a circumstance that impedes proper wound healing. Numerous studies have highlighted the importance of adequate vascular sufficiency and vessel proliferation in tissue repair and the lack thereof in diabetic wound healing. Other studies have looked at whether disarrayed capillary remodeling and maturation of vessels might play a role in impaired diabetic wound healing. Aim: This investigation has been planned to report the influence of treatment with a mixture of both the powder of pomegranate peel (PP) accompanied with an autologous bone marrow (BM) on the cure of burn injuries in experimentally induced diabetic rabbits. Methods: Alloxan monohydrate has been applied to create diabetes in 50 rabbits. Then in each rabbit, two deep second-degree burn wounds were experimentally created. The animals were then divided randomly into 5 treatment sections: non-treatment controls (C1), treated with an available commercial powder for wound (C2), treatment with powder of PP, treatment with alone BM, and the final group treated with PP powder with bone marrow (PPBM). The speed of wound closure and the histopathological changes during healing were measured. The levels of the biomarkers of rabbit platelet-derived growth factor AA (PDGF-AA) and rabbit protease-activated receptor 1 (PAR-1) were measured on days 0, 4, 8, and 12. Results: Wound healing was markedly more rapid in all the treatment groups versus the control non-treated group. Interestingly, a rapid wound cure was significantly observed in the PPBM group versus the other treatment ones. The histological assessment clarified a significant elevation in the fibroblast and collagen scores in the PPBM group versus the other sections. In addition, there were significant increases in the serum levels of the biomarkers PDGF-AA and PAR-1 among groups. Conclusion: Dependent on the results of current research, it can be concluded that both PP powder with BM PPBM significantly accelerate the healing process of burn wounds in experimentally induced diabetic rabbits.
Assuntos
Queimaduras , Diabetes Mellitus Experimental , Punica granatum , Cicatrização , Animais , Coelhos , Cicatrização/efeitos dos fármacos , Diabetes Mellitus Experimental/terapia , Diabetes Mellitus Experimental/complicações , Queimaduras/veterinária , Queimaduras/terapia , Punica granatum/química , Masculino , Aloxano , Transplante de Medula Óssea/veterináriaRESUMO
The consumption of mushrooms containing α-Amanitin (α-A) can lead to severe liver damage. In this study, toxicological experiments were conducted to confirm the protective effects of pomegranate seed oil (PSO) and black cumin oil (BCO) against α-A-induced hepatotoxicity. Rats exposed once to α-A (3 mg/kg bw, i.p.) or saline alone (0.1 ml, i.p.) were either left untreated or treated with PSO or BCO at a dose of 2 ml/kg bw/day by oral gavage on the same day, and the treatment was continued for 7 days. Serum aminotransferases (ALT and AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and total protein levels were measured and the active caspase 3 (cl-caspase 3) was evaluated by western blotting in the liver. Serum ALT, AST and ALP levels tended to decrease in the α-A exposed group, but no statistically significant difference was found compared to the saline group (p > 0.05). PSO and BCO did not affect serum liver function tests in rats exposed to saline or α-A. α-A toxicity was demonstrated by a significant decrease in serum total protein level (p < 0.05), a significant increase in liver cl-caspase 3 expression (p < 0.05), and structural liver damage mainly characterized by mononuclear inflammation and steatosis. When α-A exposed rats were treated with BCO, the increase in cl-caspase 3 was not inhibited, on the contrary BCO increased cl-caspase 3 in healthy rats (p < 0.05). PSO significantly ameliorated α-A-induced cl-caspase 3 increase and inflammatory histopathology in the liver. Both PSO and BCO completely prevented α-A-induced protein degradation. The findings indicate that PSO and BCO may protect liver functions against α-A-induced hepatotoxicity, encouraging future comprehensive studies to test them at different doses and frequency.
Assuntos
Alfa-Amanitina , Doença Hepática Induzida por Substâncias e Drogas , Fígado , Óleos de Plantas , Punica granatum , Sementes , Animais , Óleos de Plantas/farmacologia , Ratos , Punica granatum/química , Doença Hepática Induzida por Substâncias e Drogas/prevenção & controle , Doença Hepática Induzida por Substâncias e Drogas/tratamento farmacológico , Fígado/efeitos dos fármacos , Fígado/patologia , Masculino , Alfa-Amanitina/toxicidade , Sementes/química , Caspase 3/metabolismo , Nigella sativa/química , Fosfatase Alcalina/sangue , Alanina Transaminase/sangue , Ratos Sprague-Dawley , CarumRESUMO
Dementia treatment has become a global research priority, driven by the increase in the aging population. Punicalagin, the primary polyphenol found in pomegranate fruit, exhibits a variety of benefits. Today, a growing body of research is showing that punicalagin is a nutraceutical for the prevention of mild cognitive impairment (MCI). However, a comprehensive review is still lacking. The aim of this paper is to provide a comprehensive review of the physicochemical properties, origin and pharmacokinetics of punicalagin, while emphasizing the significance and mechanisms of its potential role in the prevention and treatment of MCI. Preclinical and clinical studies have demonstrated that Punicalagin possesses the potential to effectively target and enhance the treatment of MCI. Potential mechanisms by which punicalagin alleviates MCI include antioxidative damage, anti-neuroinflammation, promotion of neurogenesis, and modulation of neurotransmitter interactions. Overall, punicalagin is safer and shows potential as a therapeutic compound for the prevention and treatment of MCI, although more rigorous randomized controlled trials involving large populations are required.
Assuntos
Disfunção Cognitiva , Suplementos Nutricionais , Taninos Hidrolisáveis , Punica granatum , Taninos Hidrolisáveis/farmacologia , Taninos Hidrolisáveis/uso terapêutico , Taninos Hidrolisáveis/química , Humanos , Disfunção Cognitiva/tratamento farmacológico , Disfunção Cognitiva/prevenção & controle , Punica granatum/química , Animais , Polifenóis/farmacologia , Polifenóis/uso terapêutico , Polifenóis/química , Antioxidantes/farmacologia , Antioxidantes/uso terapêutico , Fármacos Neuroprotetores/farmacologia , Fármacos Neuroprotetores/uso terapêuticoRESUMO
Pomegranate juice (PJ) and inulin have been reported to ameliorate diet-induced metabolic disorders by regulating gut microbiota dysbiosis. However, there was a lack of clinical evidence for the combined effects of PJ and inulin on regulating gut microbiota in individuals with metabolic disorders. A double-blind, parallel, randomized, placebo-controlled trial was conducted, and 68 overweight/obese individuals (25 ≤ BMI ≤ 35 kg/m2) were randomly assigned to receive 200 mL/d PJ, PJ supplemented with inulin, or placebo for 3 weeks. Our results showed that PJ and PJ+inulin did not significantly alter the levels of anthropometric and blood biochemical indicators after 3 weeks of treatment. However, there was an increasingly significant impact from placebo to PJ to PJ+inulin on the composition of gut microbiota. Detailed bacterial abundance analysis further showed that PJ+inulin treatment more profoundly resulted in significant changes in the abundance of gut microbiota at each taxonomic level than PJ. Moreover, PJ+inulin treatment also promoted the production of microbiota-associated short-chain fatty acids and pomegranate polyphenol metabolites, which correlated with the abundance of the bacterial genus. Our results suggested that PJ supplemented with inulin modulates gut microbiota composition and thus promotes the production of microbiota-associated metabolites that exert potential beneficial effects in overweight/obese subjects.
Assuntos
Bactérias , Sucos de Frutas e Vegetais , Microbioma Gastrointestinal , Inulina , Obesidade , Sobrepeso , Punica granatum , Humanos , Inulina/farmacologia , Inulina/administração & dosagem , Inulina/metabolismo , Microbioma Gastrointestinal/efeitos dos fármacos , Masculino , Adulto , Obesidade/metabolismo , Obesidade/microbiologia , Obesidade/dietoterapia , Obesidade/tratamento farmacológico , Punica granatum/química , Punica granatum/metabolismo , Feminino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Sobrepeso/metabolismo , Sobrepeso/microbiologia , Sobrepeso/tratamento farmacológico , Sobrepeso/dietoterapia , Método Duplo-Cego , Sucos de Frutas e Vegetais/análise , Bactérias/classificação , Bactérias/genética , Bactérias/metabolismo , Bactérias/isolamento & purificação , Bactérias/efeitos dos fármacos , Suplementos Nutricionais/análise , Ácidos Graxos Voláteis/metabolismo , Adulto JovemRESUMO
Pomegranate peel is the by-product of pomegranate processing, which contains a lot of triterpene compounds. In this study, the total triterpenes of pomegranate peel (TPP) were extracted using an ultrasonic-assisted ethanol extraction method under optimal conditions, purified using D-101 macroporous resin to obtain a purity of 75.28%. The triterpenes in TPP were mainly pentacyclic triterpenes determined by LC-MS/MS. Network pharmacological analysis predicted that the anticancer targets were closely related to the MAPK pathway. The in vitro results showed that TPP could inhibit cell proliferation, promote apoptosis, reduce mitochondrial membrane potential and increase ROS levels. The western blot results indicated that the expression levels of the apoptotic proteins Bax, Bcl-2, cytochrome C, cleaved caspase-3 and cleaved caspase-9 were increased. In addition, the protein expression of the MAPK pathway predicted by network pharmacology also changed significantly. These results provided that TPP has potential for adjuvant therapy of tumors.
Assuntos
Apoptose , Proliferação de Células , Extratos Vegetais , Punica granatum , Triterpenos , Triterpenos/farmacologia , Triterpenos/química , Triterpenos/isolamento & purificação , Humanos , Punica granatum/química , Apoptose/efeitos dos fármacos , Proliferação de Células/efeitos dos fármacos , Extratos Vegetais/farmacologia , Extratos Vegetais/química , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Potencial da Membrana Mitocondrial/efeitos dos fármacos , Frutas/química , Antineoplásicos/farmacologia , Antineoplásicos/química , Antineoplásicos Fitogênicos/farmacologia , Antineoplásicos Fitogênicos/química , Antineoplásicos Fitogênicos/isolamento & purificação , Espécies Reativas de Oxigênio/metabolismo , Espectrometria de Massas em TandemRESUMO
The growing trend in fruit wine production reflects consumers' interest in novel, diverse drinking experiences and the increasing demand for healthier beverage options. Fruit wines made from kiwi, pomegranates, and persimmons fermented using S. bayanus Lalvin strain EC1118 demonstrate the versatility of winemaking techniques. Kiwifruit, persimmon, and pomegranate wines were analyzed using HPLC and GC-TOFMS analyses to determine their concentrations of phenolic acids and volatile compounds. These results were supported by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy to characterize and compare chemical shifts in the polyphenol regions of these wines. The wines' characterization included an anti-inflammatory assay based on NO, TNF-alpha, and IL-6 production in the RAW 264.7 macrophage model. FTIR spectroscopy predicted the antioxidant and phenolic contents in the wines. In terms of polyphenols, predominantly represented by chlorogenic, caffeic, and gallic acids, pomegranate and kiwifruit wines showed greater benefits. However, kiwifruit wines exhibited a highly diverse profile of volatile compounds. Further analysis is necessary, particularly regarding the use of other microorganisms in the fermentation process and non-Saccharomyces strains methods. These wines exhibit high biological antioxidant potential and health properties, providing valuable insights for future endeavors focused on designing healthy functional food products.
Assuntos
Anti-Inflamatórios , Fermentação , Frutas , Saccharomyces cerevisiae , Compostos Orgânicos Voláteis , Vinho , Vinho/análise , Compostos Orgânicos Voláteis/análise , Compostos Orgânicos Voláteis/metabolismo , Camundongos , Saccharomyces cerevisiae/metabolismo , Anti-Inflamatórios/farmacologia , Anti-Inflamatórios/análise , Anti-Inflamatórios/química , Frutas/química , Frutas/metabolismo , Animais , Células RAW 264.7 , Espectroscopia de Infravermelho com Transformada de Fourier/métodos , Polifenóis/análise , Antioxidantes/análise , Actinidia/química , Punica granatum/químicaRESUMO
Polyphenols are natural secondary metabolites found in plants endowed with multiple biological activities (antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, cardioprotective, and anticancer). In view of these properties, they find many applications and are used as active ingredients in nutraceutical, food, pharmaceutical, and cosmetic formulations. In accordance with green chemistry and circular economy strategies, they can also be recovered from agroindustrial waste and reused in various sectors, promoting sustainable processes. This review described structural characteristics, methods for extraction, biological properties, and applications of polyphenolic extracts obtained from two selected plant materials of the Mediterranean area as olive (Olea europaea L.) and pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) based on recent literature, highlighting future research perspectives.
Assuntos
Química Verde , Resíduos Industriais , Olea , Extratos Vegetais , Polifenóis , Polifenóis/química , Extratos Vegetais/química , Resíduos Industriais/análise , Resíduos Industriais/economia , Olea/química , Punica granatum/química , Humanos , Antioxidantes/química , AnimaisRESUMO
Nanocarriers have demonstrated promising potential in the delivery of various anticancer drugs and in improving the efficiency of the treatment. In this study, silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) were green-synthesized using the extracts of different parts of the pomegranate plant, including the peel, flower petals, and calyx. To obtain the most efficient extract used for the green synthesis of AgNPs, all three types of synthesized nanoparticles were characterized. Then, (3-Aminopropyl) triethoxysilane-functionalized mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs-APTES) decorated with AgNPs were fabricated via a one-pot green-synthesis method. AgNPs were directly coated on the surface of MSNs-APTES by adding pomegranate extract enriched with a source of reducing agent leading to converting the silver ion to AgNPs. The MSN-APTES-AgNPs (MSNs-AgNPs) have been thoroughly characterized using nanoparticle characterization techniques. In addition, DNA cleavage and hemolysis activities of the synthesized nanoparticles were analyzed, confirming the biocompatibility of synthesized nanoparticles. The Doxorubicin (DOX, as a breast/cervical anti-cancer drug) loading (42.8%) and release profiles were investigated via UV-visible spectroscopy. The fibroblast, breast cancer, and cervical cancer cells' viability against DOX-loaded nanoparticles were also studied. The results of this high drug loading, uniform shape, and small functionalized nanoparticles demonstrated its great potential for breast and cervical cancer management.
Assuntos
Neoplasias da Mama , Doxorrubicina , Nanopartículas Metálicas , Dióxido de Silício , Prata , Neoplasias do Colo do Útero , Doxorrubicina/administração & dosagem , Doxorrubicina/farmacologia , Humanos , Dióxido de Silício/química , Prata/química , Neoplasias da Mama/tratamento farmacológico , Neoplasias da Mama/patologia , Feminino , Neoplasias do Colo do Útero/tratamento farmacológico , Nanopartículas Metálicas/química , Porosidade , Portadores de Fármacos/química , Extratos Vegetais/administração & dosagem , Extratos Vegetais/química , Extratos Vegetais/farmacologia , Sistemas de Liberação de Medicamentos/métodos , Nanopartículas/química , Punica granatum/química , Antibióticos Antineoplásicos/administração & dosagem , Antibióticos Antineoplásicos/farmacologia , Aminas/química , Sobrevivência Celular/efeitos dos fármacos , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Células MCF-7 , Células HeLa , Animais , Liberação Controlada de FármacosRESUMO
Pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) fruit quality depends on many traits including visual, biochemical and mineral characteristics. One of the negative traits is aril whitening (AW) which is a frequently observed disorder in hot and dry climates, that leads to decline in desirable fruit quality. Color, antioxidant, and mineral contents of the arils are of prime importance as quality traits. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the effect of shading and foliar minerals on fruit quality during the fruit development stages of pomegranate. Treatments included shaded (50% green net) and unshaded trees and foliar application of trees with potassium sulfate (K, 1% and 2%) or sodium silicate (Si, 0.05, 0.1 and 0.15%) during two growing seasons. Results showed that the severity of AW at harvest decreased significantly when trees were covered with shading compared to control. The color values of L* and °hue for arils were lower in fruits grown under shading conditions indicating darker red arils. Shading significantly reduced chilling injury in cold storage compared to open field fruits. Shading and Si 0.15% increased superoxide dismutase, and catalase enzymes activity while decreased Polyphenol oxidase and peroxidase. Covering trees with shading and Si 0.15% spray resulted in the highest total anthocyanin, antioxidant activity, and total phenolics content in the arils. Shading as well as Si 0.15% increased macronutrients content of the arils. The study concluded that covering pomegranate trees and spraying with Si in hot climate reduced AW, increased antioxidant traits, and led to higher fruit quality.
Assuntos
Antioxidantes , Frutas , Minerais , Punica granatum , Silicatos , Sulfatos , Antioxidantes/metabolismo , Frutas/química , Frutas/efeitos dos fármacos , Frutas/metabolismo , Punica granatum/química , Sulfatos/análise , Minerais/análise , Minerais/metabolismo , Cor , Antocianinas/análise , Antocianinas/metabolismoRESUMO
Neuroinflammation may play an important role in the development of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Previous studies have reported that lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced neuroinflammation causes memory impairments and behavioral disorders. We investigated the potential preventive effects of punicalin (PUN), a polyphenolic component of pomegranate, on LPS-induced memory deficiency and anxiety- and depression-like behaviors, along with the underlying mechanisms. LPS-treated cultured microglial BV2 cells and BV2 cell/Neuro-2a (N2a) cell coculture system were investigated for anti-neuroinflammatory effects of PUN in vitro. The in vivo experiments involved mice administered a 4-week course of oral gavage with 1500 mg/kg/d PUN before intraperitoneal LPS (250 mg/kg daily 7 times) injections. The in vitro results demonstrated that PUN inhibited the LPS-induced inflammatory cytokine (IL-18, IL-1ß, TNF-É, and IL-6) production in BV2 cells and protected N2a cells from synaptic damage mediated by BV2 microglia-induced neuroinflammation. In in vivo studies, it was observed that PUN improved memory impairment and anxiety- and depression-like behaviors caused by LPS and reduced the expression of inflammatory proteins such as iNOS, COX-2, IL-1ß, IL-2, IL-6, and TNF-α. Furthermore, PUN inhibited the LPS-induced production of MDA; increased the activities of CAT, SOD, and GSH-Px, and inhibited LPS-induced Aß1-42 generation through down-regulation of APP and BACE1 expression. Moreover, PUN also suppressed the expression of TLR4, IRAK4, TRAF6, IKK-ß, NF-κB, p65, and HMGB1 in LPS-treated mouse brain and cultured microglial BV-2 cells. These results suggest that PUN inhibits LPS-induced memory impairment via anti-inflammatory and anti-amylogenic mechanisms through inhibition of TLR4-NF-kB activation.
Assuntos
Lipopolissacarídeos , Transtornos da Memória , Microglia , NF-kappa B , Doenças Neuroinflamatórias , Estresse Oxidativo , Punica granatum , Receptor 4 Toll-Like , Animais , Receptor 4 Toll-Like/metabolismo , Camundongos , Transtornos da Memória/induzido quimicamente , Transtornos da Memória/tratamento farmacológico , NF-kappa B/metabolismo , Estresse Oxidativo/efeitos dos fármacos , Masculino , Punica granatum/química , Doenças Neuroinflamatórias/tratamento farmacológico , Doenças Neuroinflamatórias/induzido quimicamente , Microglia/efeitos dos fármacos , Microglia/metabolismo , Transdução de Sinais/efeitos dos fármacos , Polifenóis/farmacologia , Peptídeos beta-Amiloides , Linhagem Celular , Citocinas/metabolismo , Inflamação/tratamento farmacológico , Inflamação/induzido quimicamente , Depressão/tratamento farmacológico , Depressão/induzido quimicamente , Ansiedade/tratamento farmacológico , Ansiedade/induzido quimicamente , Camundongos Endogâmicos C57BL , Comportamento Animal/efeitos dos fármacos , Secretases da Proteína Precursora do Amiloide/metabolismo , Ácido Aspártico EndopeptidasesRESUMO
Hypertension, characterized by persistent and uncontrolled high blood pressure, is one of the most common significant causes of mortality worldwide. Lifestyle modifications such as exercise and antioxidant intake have showed beneficial effects on hypertensive conditions. Adropin and endothelin-1 (ET-1) have important vasoregulatory functions in the endothelium. However, the underlying mechanisms linking exercise- and/or antioxidant intake-mediated improvement of hypertension are not fully understood. In this study, it was hypothesized that swimming exercise and pomegranate juice (PJ) (as an antioxidant) administration might have protective effects on hypertension development and possible involvements of serum adropin and ET-1. To test the hypothesis, the rats with hypertension, induced by Nω-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester hydrochloride, were subjected to swimming exercise and received PJ for 8 weeks. Weekly systolic and diastolic pressures, serum concentrations of adropin and ET-1, and oxidant/antioxidant parameters in various tissues were measured. The obtained data show that swimming exercise leads to complete protection against hypertension within the 8-week duration, whereas the PJ administration causes an ameliorative effect. In addition, the combination of swimming exercise and PJ administration do not have additive effects in protection against hypertension. Notably, the 8-week swimming exercise restores the diminished serum adropin concentration in rats with hypertension to the control level. Serum adropin significantly correlated with systolic and diastolic pressures, depending on swimming exercise, but not PJ administration. Serum ET-1 concentration inconsistently fluctuates in response to Nω-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester hydrochloride, swimming exercise, and PJ intake. In addition, swimming exercise and/or PJ administration lead to a complete normalization in liver malondialdehyde concentrations of rats with hypertension, whereas these interventions cause slight or no improvements in superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione in the heart, liver, and kidney. In conclusion, 8-week swimming exercise modulates hypertension, possibly by influencing adropin concentration and oxidative stress.
Assuntos
Antioxidantes , Pressão Sanguínea , Endotelina-1 , Sucos de Frutas e Vegetais , Hipertensão , Punica granatum , Natação , Animais , Masculino , Endotelina-1/sangue , Antioxidantes/farmacologia , Pressão Sanguínea/efeitos dos fármacos , Punica granatum/química , Ratos , Ratos Wistar , NG-Nitroarginina Metil Éster/farmacologia , Peptídeos e Proteínas de Sinalização Intercelular/metabolismo , Proteínas Sanguíneas/análise , Proteínas Sanguíneas/metabolismo , Estresse Oxidativo/efeitos dos fármacos , Condicionamento Físico Animal , Peptídeos/farmacologiaRESUMO
Listeria monocytogenes (L. monocytogenes) and Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) are widely acknowledged as two of the most dangerous foodborne pathogens. Nevertheless, reports on the development of non-toxic food preservatives that specifically target these two bacterial strains are scarce. Here, we present an inclusion complex (IC) of Hinoki essential oil with ß-cyclodextrin, which exhibited dual anti-L. monocytogenes and anti-S. aureus activities. For the first time, an innovative ultrasound-aided co-precipitation technique was utilized for the preparation of IC. Compared with the traditional co-precipitation method, this new technique demonstrated superior encapsulation and time efficiencies, making it well-suited for large-scale production. X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy analyses revealed a transition in the morphological and crystal structures after formation of the IC. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and Raman spectroscopy analyses indicated that Hinoki essential oil was effectively encapsulated by ß-cyclodextrin. The differential scanning calorimetry and thermogravimetric thermograms indicated that the formed IC was more thermally stable than the free Hinoki essential oil. Importantly, 100 % antibacterial ratios for both L. monocytogenes and S. aureus were determined, indicating that the IC prepared in this study is a promising food preservative.
Assuntos
Antibacterianos , Listeria monocytogenes , Óleos Voláteis , Staphylococcus aureus , beta-Ciclodextrinas , Listeria monocytogenes/efeitos dos fármacos , Staphylococcus aureus/efeitos dos fármacos , beta-Ciclodextrinas/química , Óleos Voláteis/química , Óleos Voláteis/farmacologia , Antibacterianos/farmacologia , Antibacterianos/química , Testes de Sensibilidade Microbiana , Ondas Ultrassônicas , Punica granatum/química , Difração de Raios XRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Pomegranate seed oil (PSO) and avocado seed oil (ASO) are natural polyphenols with established anti-inflammatory activity. PURPOSE: This study aimed to investigate the molecular mechanisms underlying the therapeutic efficacy of PSO and ASO in experimental ulcerative colitis (UC) with reference to sulfasalazine (SLZ). METHODS: Eighty male albino rats were divided equally into 8 groups; Normal, PSO, ASO, SLZ, UC-control, (UC + PSO), (UC + ASO) and (UC + SLZ) groups. Colitis was induced by intra-rectal injection of acetic acid. PSO (0.5ml/200g), ASO (1ml/250g) and SLZ (100 mg/kg) were administered orally once/day for 14 days, 24h after colitis induction. Colitis was evaluated by measuring disease activity index (DAI), colon weight/length ratio and histologic inflammatory score. Vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-2 (VEGFR-2), colonic macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF), and malondialdehyde (MDA) were determined. Colonic gene expression of TNF-α, VEGF and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) were also estimated. RESULTS: PSO and ASO treatments to UC rats significantly reduced DAI, weight/length ratio, VEGFR-2, and colon histologic inflammatory score versus UC-controls. ASO significantly suppressed MIF levels and TNF-α expression greater than PSO. However, PSO was more significant than ASO in reducing MDA levels and up-regulating HO-1 expression. Both oils significantly down-regulated VEGF expression. The obtained biochemical and histological changes induced by UC were nearly corrected by SLZ. CONCLUSION: The proved beneficial effect of PSO and ASO as anti-inflammatory, anti-angiogenic, and antioxidant in UC rats could be mediated by suppression of TNF-α, VEGF, and MIF and up-regulation of HO-1.