Experiencias del personal de enfermería acerca de los factores del entorno que intervienen durante el enlace de turno / Experiences of the nursing staff about the environmental factors that intervene during the shift change

Introduction: The shift change in the nursing care process, primarily located in hospital settings, is carried out through the transfer of verbal, written and gestural information from the interaction between nursing staff. The theoretical reference is from Elton Mayo's human relations. Objective: To understand and interpret the meaning of the nursing staff's experiences regarding the environmental factors involved during the shift change. Methodology: Qualitative study carried out with the phenomenological method. The information was obtained through non-participant observation and a semi-structured interview with operational nursing staff. Data saturation was reached with 32 interviews. Results: 7 categories were constructed: Verbal/language communication, Patient reception, Patient safety, Continuous care, Administrative documents, Shift change hours, and Work supplies. Conclusions: The findings show the various factors that interact and intervene between nursing staff during the shift change, which is an essential activity to provide continuity of care and guarantee safety in patient care.

Introducción: el enlace de turno en el proceso de atención de enfermería, primordialmente situado en escenarios hospitalarios, se lleva a cabo mediante la transferencia de información verbal, escrita y gestual a partir de la interacción entre personal de enfermería. El referente teórico es el de relaciones humanas de Elton Mayo. Objetivo: comprender e interpretar el significado de las experiencias del personal de enfermería acerca de los factores del entorno que intervienen durante el enlace de turno. Metodología: estudio cualitativo realizado con el método fenomenológico. La información se obtuvo mediante observación no participante y entrevista semiestructurada en personal de enfermería operativo. La saturación de datos se alcanzó con 32 entrevistas. Resultados: se construyeron 7 categorías: Comunicación verbal/lenguaje, Recepción del paciente, Seguridad del paciente, Cuidado continuo, Documentos administrativos, Horarios de enlace de turno e Insumos de trabajo. Conclusiones: los hallazgos permiten mostrar los diversos factores que interactúan e intervienen entre el personal de enfermería durante el enlace de turno, que es una actividad esencial para dar continuidad al cuidado y garantizar la seguridad en la atención de los pacientes.

Gerenciamento do tempo no processo de trabalho dos enfermeiros em Unidade de Terapia Intensiva / Gestión del tiempo en el proceso de trabajo de enfermeros de la unidad de cuidados intensivos / Time management in the work process of nurses in the intensive care unit

RESUMO Objetivo analisar o gerenciamento do tempo dispensado por enfermeiros em intervenções de cuidados diretos e indiretos, em atividades associadas ao trabalho e atividades pessoais. Método estudo quantitativo, transversal, realizado em Unidade de Terapia Intensiva de um hospital universitário no Rio de Janeiro em janeiro de 2017. Foram realizadas observações diretas das atividades realizadas pelos enfermeiros em 18 plantões, totalizando 216 horas. O "Instrumento para mensuração da carga de trabalho" foi utilizado para estruturar a observação. Resultados os resultados mostraram que 21,5% do tempo dos enfermeiros foram dedicados às intervenções de cuidados diretos 44,7% aos cuidados indiretos, 6,1% às atividades associadas e 27,7% às atividades pessoais. Conclusão os enfermeiros utilizam maior parte do tempo em atividades não relacionadas ao cuidado direto ao paciente. Os achados podem ser utilizados pelos gestores para revisão e adequação do dimensionamento de profissionais na assistência direta e indireta e do processo de trabalho na Unidade.

RESUMEN Objetivo analizar la gestión del tiempo que brindan los enfermeros en las intervenciones asistenciales directas e indirectas, en actividades asociadas al trabajo y actividades personales. Método estudio cuantitativo, transversal, realizado en la Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos de un hospital universitario de Rio de Janeiro en enero de 2017. Se realizaron observaciones directas de las actividades realizadas por enfermeras en 18 turnos, totalizando 216 horas. Se utilizó la "Herramienta de medición de la carga de trabajo" para estructurar la observación. Resultados los resultados mostraron que el 21,5% del tiempo de los enfermeros se dedicó a intervenciones de cuidados directos, el 44,7% a cuidados indirectos, el 6,1% a actividades asociadas y el 27,7% a actividades personales. Conclusión los enfermeros dedican la mayor parte de su tiempo a actividades no relacionadas con la atención directa al paciente. Los hallazgos pueden ser utilizados por los gestores para revisar y adecuar el dimensionamiento de profesionales en la atención directa e indirecta y el proceso de trabajo en la Unidad.

ABSTRACT Objective to analyze time management by nurses in direct and indirect care interventions, in work-related and personal activities. Method this quantitative, cross-sectional study was conducted in the Intensive Care Unit of a university hospital in Rio de Janeiro in January 2017. Direct observations were made of nurses' activities in 18 shifts, totaling 216 hours. Mello's "Workload Measuring Tool" was used to structure the observations. Results 21.5% of nurses' time was devoted to direct care, 44.7% to indirect care, 6.1% to work-related activities and 27.7% to personal activities. Conclusion nurses spend most of their time on activities unrelated to direct patient care. These findings can be useful to managers in reviewing and adjusting both staffing in direct and indirect care and the unit's work process.

[Experimentation of a night shift nursing position in EHPAD]. / Expérimentation d'un poste infirmier de nuit en Ehpad.

The Nouvelle-Aquitaine Regional Health Agency is experimenting with a night nurse position shared between several accommodation facilities for dependent elderly.

Experiencia cubana en planificación de los recursos humanos de enfermería en la epidemia por COVID-19 / Cuban experience in human resources planning for epidemic nursing COVID-19

Introducción: la pandemia por el virus SARS-CoV-2 ha provocado numerosas víctimas en el plano mundial. A partir de los primeros casos diagnosticados en Cuba, la máxima Dirección del Estado y el Ministerio de Salud Pública dispusieron el reordenamiento de los servicios del Sistema Nacional de Salud para garantizar la atención a los pacientes confirmados con la enfermedad y los programas priorizados con el aseguramiento de los recursos humanos de enfermería, además del desarrollo de acciones para garantizar la continuidad y calidad de las prestaciones proporcionadas. Desarrollo: se organizaron grupos de pesquisa diaria del 100% de la población en las viviendas para identificar a pacientes sintomáticos y se crearon centros para la vigilancia de acuerdo con la clasificación del paciente, ya fuera con- tacto, sospechoso o confirmado. En estos centros, el personal de enfermería mantiene una vigilancia para la detección oportuna de síntomas o agravamiento del estado de salud y efectúa el control de las pruebas diagnósticas por PCR evolutiva y el cumplimiento de los tratamientos médicos hasta su alta. En los hospitales se atienden los casos confirmados y sospechosos de alto riesgo de COVID-19. En estas instituciones se estableció un sistema de trabajo-vigilancia-descanso con el objetivo de garantizar la atención con el personal estrictamente necesario. Conclusiones: este trabajo permite compartir las experiencias vivenciales en la planificación del recurso humano de enfermería en cada una de las etapas y destaca la colaboración médica como muestra de solidaridad y humanismo que caracteriza a la sociedad. Los resultados obtenidos permitirán establecer líneas de trabajo con una clara visión de este fenómeno, con utilización óptima de los recursos materiales y humanos, además de contribuir a la preparación de los profesionales para el intercambio y la experiencia con otros países.

Introduction: The pandemic caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus has hit numbers of victims worldwide, from the first cases diagnosed in Cuba, the highest state administration and the Ministry of Public Health provides the reorganization of the services of the National System of Health, guaranteeing care for patients confirmed with the disease and prioritized programs with the assurance of nursing human resources and the development of actions to guarantee the continuity and quality of the services provided for what the purpose is outlined. Development: Daily investigation groups of 100% of the population were organized in the homes to detect symptomatic patients, surveillance centers were created according to the classification of the patient as contact, suspect and confirmed, in these centers the nurse maintains a surveillance for the timely detection of symptoms or worsening of their health, controls the performance of the evolutionary PCR and compliance with medical treatments until discharge. In hospitals, confirmed and suspected high-risk cases of COVID-19 are treated. In these institutions, a work-surveillance-rest system was established in order to guarantee care with the strictly necessary personnel. Conclusions: In this article we share the experiential experiences in the planning of the nursing human resource in each of the stages and medical collaboration stands out as a sign of solidarity and humanism that characterizes our society. The results obtained will allow establishing lines of work with a clear vision of this phenomenon with optimal use of material and human resources, as well as contributing to the preparation of professionals with a view to exchange and experience with other countries.

A organização do trabalho, a carga de trabalho e o dimensionamento de pessoal de enfermagem em ambulatórios de quimioterapia em Minas Gerais / Work organization, workload and sizing of nursing staff in chemotherapy outpatient clinics in Minas Gerais

A organização do trabalho, a carga de trabalho e o dimensionamento de pessoal de enfermagem em ambulatórios de quimioterapia em Minas Gerais. 2021. 118 f. Dissertação (Mestrado em Enfermagem) ­ Escola de Enfermagem, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, 2021. Introdução: O tratamento quimioterápico no nível ambulatorial é um desafio, pois o câncer como um problema de saúde pública, no Brasil e mundo, tem crescido em número e complexidade. Neste contexto, a enfermagem se destaca, não apenas por sua quantidade de profissionais, mas pela capacidade de gestão da unidade e de casos, atuando com primazia no cuidado. Contudo, cabe ao enfermeiro, responsável técnico, a garantia de um adequado quantitativo de profissionais para a realização dos cuidados de forma segura e com qualidade. O gerenciamento de recursos humanos se inicia com a previsão quanti-qualitativa de profissionais e se mantém com a avaliação contínua da carga de trabalho a fim de se adequar o quantitativo conforme demanda. No entanto, esse dimensionamento constitui-se como um desafio para o trabalho do enfermeiro gestor, por impactar tanto na qualidade quanto nos custos assistenciais. Destaca-se que na oncologia ambulatorial há uma carência de evidências científicas, legislações e recomendações que balizem as tomadas de decisão para esse dimensionamento. Objetivo: Analisar a organização do trabalho e as formas de mensuração da carga de trabalho e dimensionamento de pessoal de enfermagem utilizados em ambulatórios de quimioterapia do estado de Minas Gerais. Método: Pesquisa descritiva de abordagem quantitativa, desenvolvida com 20 enfermeiros gestores de ambulatórios oncológicos de Minas Gerais. Os dados foram coletados por meio de formulário online, composto pelo TCLE e 54 perguntas concernentes ao perfil dos respondentes, dos serviços, organização do trabalho e do dimensionamento de pessoal. Os dados foram submetidos a análise estatística descritiva e de correlação, por meio de software IBM SPSS versão 23. Foram obedecidos os requisitos éticos. O projeto foi aprovado pelo COEP-UFMG. Resultados: 75% dos enfermeiros possuem mais de 6 anos de experiência na oncologia ambulatorial e 75% a caracterizaram como alta complexidade. 60% dos ambulatórios estão localizados na região metropolitana de Belo Horizonte, sendo 40% em clínicas oncológicas. 55% dos serviços não possuem certificado/ acreditação. A mediana do número de profissionais enfermeiros é de 5,5 e de técnicos é de 3. Quanto ao perfil estrutural, o número de leitos/poltronas para infusão de quimioterapia variou entre 10 e 30, sendo o quantitativo de pacientes/dia atendidos pelos ambulatórios variado de 10 a 100. 50% funcionam de segunda a sexta-feira das 07:00 às 19:00 horas. Todos conhecem as Resoluções ANVISA nº 220/2004 e Cofen nº 569/2018, enquanto 90% conhecem a Resolução Cofen nº 543/2017 e 55% dizem conhecer o método de Sítio Funcional. Contudo, apenas 10% relataram ter recebido capacitação para dimensionar equipe. 55% dos enfermeiros relataram não utilizar nenhum instrumento para dimensionamento. 65% não utilizam nenhum instrumento para monitorar carga de trabalho. Destaca-se que 66,7% consideraram o quadro de pessoal adequado e 65% sentiam segurança para dimensionar. Conclusão: A organização do trabalho de enfermagem e a realidade operacional dos ambulatórios estudados são heterogêneos, mas demonstram fragilidade no domínio dos enfermeiros quanto a formas de monitorização da carga de trabalho e dimensionamento de pessoal. Os resultados deste estudo constituem- se como importante alerta quanto a necessidade de aprofundamento desse conhecimento junto aos enfermeiros para que se estabeleçam melhorias no processo de organização do trabalho para manutenção de uma assistência de qualidade e segura.

Work organization, workload and nursing staff dimensioning in chemotherapy outpatient clinics in Minas Gerais. 2021. 118 f. Dissertation (Master in Nursing) ­ School of Nursing, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, 2021. Introduction: Chemotherapy treatment at the outpatient level is a challenge because cancer is a public health problem in Brazil and worldwide that has grown in number and complexity. In this context, nursing stands out, not only for the number of professionals but also for their capacity to manage both the unit and the patient care path. However, it is up to the nurse, the technical manager, to ensure adequate professionals to provide safe and quality care. This management of human resources begins with the quantitative-qualitative prediction of professionals and continues with the continuous evaluation of the team's workload to adjust the quantity according to demand. However, this staff dimensioning constitutes a challenge for the nurse manager, as it impacts both the quality and costs of care. It is noteworthy that in outpatient units, there is a lack of scientific evidence, legislation, and recommendations for guiding the decision making about nursing staffing requirements. Objective: To analyze the organization of work and the methods of measuring workload and nursing staffing used in chemotherapy outpatient clinics in Minas Gerais. Method: Descriptive research with a quantitative approach, developed with 20 nurse managers of oncology outpatient clinics in Minas Gerais. Data were collected using an online survey form composed of the TCLE and 54 questions concerning the respondents' profile, services and work organization, and staff dimensioning. Data were submitted to descriptive statistical and correlational analysis, using IBM SPSS software version 23. Researchers followed the ethical requirements for the development of the project, which was approved by COEP UFMG. Results: 75% of the nurses had more than 6 years of experience in the outpatient oncology unit, and 75% characterized outpatient oncology as high complexity. 60% of the outpatient clinics are located in the metropolitan region of Belo Horizonte, being 40% in oncology clinics. 55% of the services do not have a certificate/accreditation. The median number of nursing professionals is 5.5, and of technicians is 3. Regarding the structural profile, the number of beds/seats for chemotherapy infusion was concentrated in units ranging from 10 to 30, while the number of patients/days attended by the outpatient clinics was 10 up to 100. 50% work from Monday to Friday from 07:00 to 19:00. All participants know Resolutions ANVISA No. 220/2004 and Cofen No. 569/2018, while 90% know Cofen No. 543/2017 and 55% said they know the Functional Site method. However, only 10% reported receiving training on team sizing. 55% of nurses reported not using any instrument to size a team. 65% of the nurses do not use any tool to monitor workload. It is noteworthy that 66.7% considered the staff adequate, and 65% felt safe to size. Conclusion: The organization of nursing work and the operational reality outpatient clinics studied are heterogeneous but demonstrate weaknesses in the nurses' domain regarding workload monitoring and staff requirements. The study results constitute an important alert to the need for improvements of this skill in these nurse groups to establish enhancements in organising the work and monitoring workload staff requirements to guarantee the quality and safety of nursing care.

Implementation of the policy protocol for management of surgical and non-surgical wounds in selected public health facilities in Ghana: An analytic case study.

BACKGROUND: It is estimated that millions of patients are affected by healthcare associated infections (HAIs) each year. In Ghana, high prevalence of HAIs in relation to non-surgical (also called contaminated wounds) and surgical wounds (also called sterile wounds) is largely attributed to poor adherence to policy protocols for wound management by frontline clinical staff especially nurses. OBJECTIVE: Investigate the extent to which nursing staff adhere to the policy protocol for management of non-surgical and surgical wounds in selected public health facilities in Ghana. METHODOLOGY: This is an analytic case study among nursing staff (n = 140) in three government facilities in the Volta region of Ghana. Subjective and objective performance scores of staff on adherence proxies were compared using the Wilcoxon Signed-rank test, and univariate ordered logistic regression analysis used to predict staff likelihood of adherence to policy protocols on non-surgical and surgical wound management. FINDINGS: Overall, staff self-rated themselves higher on subjective performance proxies relative to their objective scores (p<0.05). Staff with more years of work experience did not translate into a higher likelihood of adhering to standard protocol on wound management (Coef. = -0.49, CI = -0.93-0.05, p = 0.036). Being a senior nursing officer relative to lower nursing ranks increased staff likelihood of complying particularly with standard policy protocol for management of non-surgical wounds (Coef. 5.27, CI = 0.59 9.95, p = 0.027). CONCLUSION: There is the need for accelerated in-service training for staff on standard protocols for wound management coupled with supportive supervisions. Staff adherence to standard quality care protocols should be a pre-requisite for licensing of health facilities by regulatory bodies like Health Facilities Regulatory Agency and National Health Insurance Authority.

An Illustration of SARS-CoV-2 Dissemination Within a Skilled Nursing Facility Using Heat Maps.

OBJECTIVES: To illustrate dissemination and asymptomatic transmission of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) during a skilled nursing facility (SNF) outbreak. DESIGN: Case report. SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS: Residents of a 150-bed SNF. MEASUREMENTS: Heat maps generated by the SNF's infection prevention team to track staff and resident symptoms and SARS-CoV-2 test results to identify infection patterns. RESULTS: The SNF experienced a severe outbreak of SARS-CoV-2 early in the pandemic. The initial cluster of residents with symptoms and the first confirmed case occurred on the SNF's dementia care unit. The insufficient availability and prolonged turnaround time of testing for both residents and staff at the outset of the outbreak prevented timely and accurate identification and cohorting of cases. Despite extensive other infection control measures being in place, SARS-CoV-2 disseminated widely through the facility within 3 weeks of the first confirmed case, resulting in significant morbidity and mortality. CONCLUSION: Early, rapid, universal SARS-CoV-2 testing of both SNF residents and staff at the outset of an outbreak and then repeatedly thereafter is critical to mitigate viral transmission. This will become even more important as states relax stay-at-home orders and SNF staff intermingle with communities that are increasingly mobile. Increased testing will inevitably result in more staff testing positive and having to self-quarantine at home, meaning that states must partner with SNFs and other long-term care providers to coordinate and support strategic staffing reserves that can supplement current frontline staff. J Am Geriatr Soc 68:2174-2178, 2020.

Using an Evidence-Based Approach for Electronic Health Record Downtime Education in Nurse Onboarding.

Electronic health record systems have been widely implemented throughout healthcare settings over the last few years, and nurses rely on these systems to obtain information about patients, make clinical decisions, and deliver safe and appropriate care. Health information technology systems have electronic health record downtime episodes both due to scheduled maintenance and unforeseen circumstances. The ability to deliver safe and effective care during electronic health record downtime episodes is important, yet training on electronic health record downtime is rarely included for nursing staff. This quality improvement project implemented an electronic health record downtime training course and administered it to 50 onboarding nurses within the hospital facility. The participants indicated a positive perception of electronic health record downtime preparedness after the course offering related to ability to find and follow downtime procedures. However, no precourse metrics were obtained, and therefore it is uncertain if this positive perception is a direct result of the electronic health record downtime training course. While initial results are promising, further investigation will need to be conducted to determine training course effectiveness.

Effectiveness of a Nursing Intervention to Diminish Preoperative Anxiety in Patients Programmed for Knee Replacement Surgery: Preventive Controlled and Randomized Clinical Trial.

OBJECTIVES: This work was conducted to determine the effectiveness of a nursing intervention, based on the motivational interview, to diminish preoperative anxiety in patients programmed for knee replacement surgery. METHODS: Preventive type controlled and randomized clinical trial, on a sample of 56 patients programmed for knee replacement surgery in a clinic in Girardot (Colombia). Random assignment was made: an intervention group (n=28) and a control group (n=28). The six-question Amsterdam Preoperative Anxiety and Information Scale was applied before and after the intervention. The scale has a total score ranging from 5 to 30; the higher the score, the greater the preoperative anxiety. The nursing intervention was conducted in three sessions of motivational interview each lasting 40 min, during the six weeks prior to the surgical procedure; the control group received conventional management of education in the health institution. RESULTS: The mean score of preoperative anxiety was equal in the pre-intervention evaluation in both groups (19.76 in the experimental versus 22.02 in the control =22.02; p<0.226), while during the post-intervention, the anxiety score was lower in the intervention group compared with the control group (15.56 and 20.30, respectively; p <0.013). CONCLUSIONS: Nursing intervention based on the motivational interview was effective in diminishing preoperative anxiety in patients programmed for knee replacement surgery.

Addressing medical errors: an intervention protocol for nursing professionals.

OBJECTIVE: To identify the types of interventions that should be included in an organizational protocol for responding to serious adverse events involving nursing staff. METHOD: A descriptive exploratory study was conducted in the Autonomous Community of Madrid, Spain using a questionnaire. RESULTS: 248 nurses have participated. The respondents prioritized the following interventions for inclusion in the protocol: legal advice (86.5% of participants) and counseling (82.4% of participants). Over two-thirds of the nurses (69.3%) showed that they would like to receive guidance on how to record adverse events on the patient's medical records, while 64.8% showed that they would like to receive advice on assurances and legal safeguards in relation to the health organization's medical error notification system and 54.5% endorsed refresher training. Compulsory temporary or permanent transfer of nursing staff involved in adverse events was one of the least popular interventions (3.3% of participants). CONCLUSION: The nurses prioritized counseling, legal advice, training in communication techniques, and refresher training to address the consequences of adverse events and discarded the possibility of compulsory temporary or permanent transfer.

Dinâmica de geração e dissipação do estresse na equipe de enfermagem num centro de oncologia / Dynamics of stress generation and reduction in the nursing team at an oncology center / Dinámica de generación y disipación del estrés en el equipo de enfermería en un centro de oncología

Objetivo: representar a dinâmica de geração, acumulação e dissipação do estresse na equipe de enfermagem em um centro de terapia oncológica. Método: um modelo de simulação matemático de dinâmica de sistemas foi desenvolvido com base na coleta de dados in loco. O modelo serviu para testar o impacto de três políticas direcionadas a reduzir o estresse na equipe: i) incremento na carga de atendimento; ii) incremento do tamanho das equipes de turno e iii) redução de horas de atendimento por leito. Resultados: o modelo demonstrou que a política de incremento de tamanho da equipe obteve os melhores resultados, sintetizados com o índice de absenteísmo, estabilizando-se em 8%; pessoal afastado também se estabilizando em 4-5 pessoas por mês, bem como o estresse acumulado reduzido aos níveis do cenário base. Conclusão: as medidas no sentido de acompanhamento das demandas físicas e emocionais, a contratação de pessoal, um melhor treinamento técnico para as atividades ditas estressantes e uma melhor distribuição de tarefas podem ser eficazes na redução dos índices de absenteísmo e melhorar a qualidade de vida desses trabalhadores.

Objective: to represent the dynamics of stress generation, accumulation and reduction in the nursing team at an oncology therapy center. Method: a mathematical simulation model of system dynamics was developed based on data collection in loco. The model served to test the impact of three policies aimed at reducing stress in the team, namely i) increase in the service load; ii) increase in the size of shift teams and iii) reduction of service hours per bed. Results: the model showed that the policy of increasing the size of the team obtained the best results, with the absenteeism index stabilizing at 8%; staff at leave also stabilizing at 4-5 people per month, as well as accumulated stress reduced to baseline levels. Conclusion: measures to monitor physical and emotional demands, hiring staff, better technical training for so-called stressful activities, and a better distribution of tasks can be effective in reducing absenteeism rates and improving the quality of life of these workers.

Objetivo: representar la dinámica de generación, acumulación y disipación del estrés en el equipo de enfermería en un centro de terapia oncológica. Método: un modelo de simulación matemático de dinámica de sistemas fue desarrollado basado en la recolección de datos in loco. El modelo sirvió para testar el impacto de tres políticas dirigidas a reducir el estrés en el equipo: i) incremento en la carga de atendimiento; ii) incremento del tamaño de los equipos de turno y iii) reducción de horas de atendimiento por lecho. Resultados: el modelo demostró que la política de incremento de tamaño del equipo obtuvo los mejores resultados, sintetizados con el índice de ausentismo estabilizándose en 8%; personal alejado también estabilizándose en 4-5 personas por mes, así como el estrés acumulado reducido a los niveles del escenario base. Conclusión: las medidas en el sentido de acompañamiento de las demandas físicas y emocionales, la contratación de personal, mejor entrenamiento técnico para actividades llamadas estresantes y una mejor distribución de tareas pueden ser eficaces en la reducción de los índices de ausentismo y mejorar la calidad de vida de esos trabajadores.

Dimensioning of nursing staff in outpatient chemotherapy: application of the Workload Indicators of Staffing Need / Dimensionamiento de profesionales enfermeros en quimioterapia ambulatoria: aplicación del método Workload Indicators of Staffing Need / Dimensionamento de profissionais de enfermagem em quimioterapia ambulatorial: aplicação do método Workload Indicators of Staffing Need

ABSTRACT Objective: To apply the method developed by the World Health Organization, called Workload Indicators of Staffing Need for dimensioning the nursing staff for the care of cancer patients in a Chemotherapy outpatient clinic. Method: This is a quantitative, observational, documentary field study with an intentional sample. Prospective data were collected through the work sampling method. Results: Seventeen nurses and 12 nursing technicians participated in the study. A total of 3,727 observations were performed and were obtained the mean times and the relative working time of 23 nurses' interventions and 18 nursing technicians' interventions. The interventions corresponded to 88.5% of the relative working time of nurses and 83.9% of nursing technicians. Personal activities accounted for 8.2% of the relative working time of nurses and 7.9% of nursing technicians. The reliability test resulted in 86.3% concordance. Conclusion: The similarity between the staff required according to the method studied and the current staff showed that the Workload Indicators of Staffing Need has great potential and applicability for dimensioning nursing professionals safely.

RESUMEN Objetivo: Aplicar el método elaborado por la Organización Mundial de la Salud, denominado Workload Indicators of Staffing Need, a fin de dimensionar al equipo de enfermería para el cuidado a pacientes oncológicos en Ambulatorio de Quimioterapia. Método: Se trata de una investigación de campo observacional y documental, con abordaje cuantitativo y muestra intencional. Los datos prospectivos fueron recogidos mediante la técnica de muestreo del trabajo. Resultados: Participaron en la investigación 17 enfermeros y 12 técnicos de enfermería. Fueron realizadas 3.727 observaciones, obteniéndose tiempos medios y ocupación relativa de 23 intervenciones de enfermeros y 18 intervenciones de técnicos de enfermería. Las intervenciones correspondieron al 88,5% de la ocupación relativa de los enfermeros y el 83,9% de los técnicos de enfermería. La actividad personal fue responsable del 8,2% de la ocupación relativa de los enfermeros y el 7,9% de los técnicos de enfermería. La prueba de confiabilidad resultó en el 86,3% de concordancia. Conclusión: La semejanza entre el cuadro proyectado por el método estudiado y el existente evidenció que el Workload Indicators of Staffing Need tiene gran potencial y aplicabilidad para dimensionar a los profesionales enfermeros con seguridad.

RESUMO Objetivo: Aplicar o método elaborado pela Organização Mundial da Saúde, denominado Workload Indicators of Staffing Need, para dimensionar a equipe de enfermagem para o cuidado de pacientes oncológicos em Ambulatório de Quimioterapia. Método: Trata-se de uma pesquisa de campo observacional e documental, com abordagem quantitativa e amostra intencional. Os dados prospectivos foram coletados por meio da técnica amostragem do trabalho. Resultados: Participaram da pesquisa 17 enfermeiros e 12 técnicos de enfermagem. Foram realizadas 3.727 observações, sendo obtidos tempos médios e ocupação relativa de 23 intervenções de enfermeiros e 18 intervenções de técnicos de enfermagem. As intervenções corresponderam a 88,5% da ocupação relativa dos enfermeiros e 83,9% dos técnicos de enfermagem. A atividade pessoal foi responsável por 8,2% da ocupação relativa dos enfermeiros e 7,9% dos técnicos de enfermagem. O teste de confiabilidade resultou em 86,3% de concordância. Conclusão: A semelhança entre o quadro projetado pelo método estudado e o existente evidenciou que o Workload Indicators of Staffing Need tem grande potencial e aplicabilidade para dimensionar os profissionais de enfermagem com segurança.

Practice and Perceived Importance of Advance Care Planning and Difficulties in Providing Palliative Care in Geriatric Health Service Facilities in Japan: A Nationwide Survey.

BACKGROUND: The provision of end-of-life (EOL) care by geriatric health service facilities (GHSFs) in Japan is increasing. Advance care planning (ACP) is one of the most important issues to provide quality EOL care. This study aimed to clarify the practice and perceived importance of ACP and the difficulties in providing palliative care in GHSFs. METHODS: A self-report questionnaire was mailed to head nurses at 3437 GHSFs nationwide. We asked participants about their practices regarding ACP, their recognition of its importance, and their difficulties in providing palliative care. We also analyzed the relationship between these factors and EOL care education. RESULTS: Among 844 respondents (24.5% response rate), approximately 69% to 81% of head nurses confirmed that GHSF residents and their families understood disease conditions and goals of care. There was a large discrepancy between the actual practice of ACP components and the recognition of their importance (eg, asking residents about existing advance directive [AD; 27.5% practiced it, while 79.6% considered it important]; recommending completion of an AD [18.1% vs 68.4%], and asking for designation of a health-care proxy [30.4% vs 76.8%]). The EOL care education was provided at 517 facilities (61.3%). Head nurses working at EOL care education-providing GHSFs practiced ACP significantly more frequently and had significantly fewer difficulties in providing palliative care. CONCLUSION: A large discrepancy was found between GHSF nurses' practice of ACP and their recognition of its importance. Providing EOL care education in GHSFs may increase ACP practices and enhance respect for resident's preferences concerning EOL care.

Burnout Syndrome and shift work among the nursing staff / Síndrome de Burnout e o trabalho em turnos na equipe de enfermagem / Síndrome de Burnout y trabajo en turnos en el equipo de enfermería

ABSTRACT Objective: to analyze the factors associated with Burnout Syndrome among nursing workers according to work shift. Method: cross-sectional study addressing a representative sample of 502 nursing workers from a philanthropic hospital facility. Data were collected using a characterization instrument, the Maslach Burnout Inventory - Human Service Survey and the Demand-Control-Support Questionnaire. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and multiple binary logistic regression. Results: levels of Burnout Syndrome were significantly higher among those working the day shift and associated factors included: high demand; low control; low social support; dissatisfaction with sleep and financial resources; being a nurse; and sedentariness. Professionals working the night shift, having low social support, being dissatisfied with sleep, having children, not having a religion, having worked for a short period in the institution, and being a nursing technician or aid were significantly more likely to experience high levels of the syndrome. Conclusion: psychosocial factors and factors from the work context, mainly low social support, were associated with the syndrome dimensions among nursing workers of both shifts.

RESUMO Objetivo: analisar os fatores associados à síndrome de Burnout, segundo o turno de trabalho da equipe de enfermagem. Método: estudo transversal, desenvolvido com uma amostra representativa de 502 trabalhadores de enfermagem de uma instituição hospitalar filantrópica. Os dados foram coletados por meio de um instrumento de caracterização, o Maslach Burnout Inventory-Human Service Survey e o Demand-Control-Support Questionnaire. Analisaram-se os dados por estatística descritiva e regressão logística binária múltipla. Resultados: os níveis da síndrome de Burnout foram significativamente maiores entre os trabalhadores de enfermagem do turno diurno. Entre os participantes que trabalhavam no período diurno, os fatores associados às dimensões da síndrome de Burnout foram: alta demanda, baixo controle, baixo apoio social, insatisfação com o sono e recursos financeiros, ser enfermeiro e, ainda, sedentarismo. Já no noturno, baixo apoio social, insatisfação com o sono e lazer, ter filhos, não ter religião, menor tempo de trabalho na instituição e ser auxiliar e técnico de enfermagem aumentaram significativamente as chances de altos níveis da síndrome. Conclusão: os fatores psicossociais e do contexto laboral, sobretudo o baixo apoio social, tiveram associação com as dimensões da síndrome entre os profissionais de enfermagem de ambos os turnos.

RESUMEN Objetivo: analizar los factores asociados al síndrome de Burnout según el turno de trabajo del equipo de enfermería. Método: estudio transversal desarrollado con una muestra representativa de 502 trabajadores de enfermería, de una institución hospitalaria filantrópica. Los datos fueron recogidos con un instrumento de caracterización, el Maslach Burnout Inventory- Human Service Survey y el Demand-Control-Support Questionnaire. Se analizaron los datos con estadística descriptiva y regresión logística binaria múltiple. Resultados: los niveles del síndrome de Burnout fueron significativamente mayores entre los trabajadores de enfermería del turno diurno. Entre los participantes que trabajaban en el período diurno, los factores asociados a las dimensiones del síndrome de Burnout fueron: alta demanda, bajo control, bajo apoyo social, insatisfacción con el sueño y los recursos financieros, ser enfermero y sedentarismo. En el nocturno fueron bajo apoyo social, insatisfacción con el sueño y el tiempo libre, tener hijos, no tener religión, menor tiempo de trabajo en la institución y ser auxiliar y técnico de enfermería, estos factores aumentaron significativamente las probabilidades de altos niveles del síndrome. Conclusión: los factores psicosociales y del contexto laboral, sobre todo el bajo apoyo social, tuvieron asociación con las dimensiones del síndrome, entre los profesionales de enfermería en los dos turnos.

Delivery of screening and brief intervention for unhealthy alcohol use in an urban academic Federally Qualified Health Center.

BACKGROUND: Screening and brief intervention (SBI) for unhealthy drinking has not been widely implemented in primary care partly due to reliance on physicians to perform it. METHODS: We implemented a model of nursing staff-delivered SBI for unhealthy drinking for adult patients receiving primary care at an academically-affiliated Federally Qualified Health Center in the Bronx, NY. Our model consisted of nursing staff screening all patients with the alcohol use disorders identification test consumption questions (AUDIT-C) and, if screening positive, providing BI or referral to specialty services. We developed a clinical decision support tool integrated into the electronic health record to guide nursing staff and record SBI provision. To evaluate this model, we determined overall SBI delivery to patients and factors associated with receiving SBI. RESULTS: Between October 2013 and September 2014, 9119 unique adult patients made 24,285 visits. Patients were majority women (67.5%) and Hispanic/Latino (54.5%). Overall, 46.2% were screened, with 19.0-35.8% of eligible patients screened in each month. Increasing age (OR: 0.82 [95% CI 0.80-0.85] for a 10-year increase), female sex (OR: 0.83 [95% CI 0.77-0.91]), and chronic conditions like hypertension (OR: 0.62 [95% CI 0.56-0.70]) and diabetes (OR: 0.66 [95% CI 0.58-0.75]), among others, were associated with a lower odds of being screened. Of all patients screened, 225 (5.3%) screened positive and of those patients, 122 (54.2%) received a BI. Patients with higher AUDIT-C scores were more likely to receive a BI (OR: 1.24 [95% CI 1.04-1.47] for a 1-point increase) and non-English speaking patients were less likely to receive a BI than those who spoke English (OR: 0.42 [95% CI 0.18-0.97]). CONCLUSIONS: Our model of SBI resulted in screening of nearly half of all eligible patients and BI provision to over half of those screening positive. Future efforts to improve SBI delivery should focus on groups such as older adults, women, and those with chronic medical conditions.

Administrando al factor humano: ausentismo de enfermería en unidad de medicina familiar / Administrating the human factor: nursing absenteeism in family medicine unit

El ausentismo laboral del personal de enfermería, es un problema que enfrentanmuchas unidades de salud, ya que impide brindar atención con calidad y eficiencia en lasunidades de medicina familiar. El objetivo de este estudio fue realizar un diagnóstico acercade los factores que provocan el ausentismo, mostrar cuatro modelos que permitan entendereste fenómeno en su contexto, y fundamentarla actuación de quienes administran eldepartamento de enfermería. Para evaluar el tema en estudio, se analizó la plantilla depersonal la cual indicaba el nivel de ausentismo que prevalecía en la unidad; los resultadosobtenidos reflejan como principal causa no previsible, el ambiente laboral adverso,relacionando éste con problemas familiares y enfermedad, haciendo evidente la importanciade analizar sistemáticamente este fenómeno, con el fin de obtener información oportuna quefavorezca llevar a cabo medidas orientadas a controlar las diferentes variables asociadas,favoreciendo así la eficiencia administrativa.Se concluye que se hace necesario examinar las necesidades y satisfactores delpersonal, para conocer sus opiniones, puntos de vista y perspectivas sobre este problema, ycon ello identificar las percepciones de las enfermeras, sobre las causas del ausentismoinjustificado, sobre todo en grupos o turnos donde se incrementa el fenómeno.

The absence of nurses at their work is an impacting problem that confronts manyhealth units, such a problem impedes bringing to attention with clarity and efficiency in afamily medical unit, the fundamental purpose for inquiring this theme, exploring the factorsthat influence absence, showing four explicative models that allow us to understand thisphenomenon in their context, in such a manner that the administrator of the nurse’sdepartment has their basis. To dimension the situation, the predominate circumstances of thetheme in study are explored through the analysis of the staff showing the level of absencethat prevails in the unit, in relation with the obtained data, this reflects as the principal cause of unpredictable absence, the adverse labor environment, relating itself with family problemsand illness. Marking clear the importance of the analysis is evident, periodic and systematicof the behavior of the absence to have opportunistic information that favorite’s theinstrumentation of methods oriented to control the different associated variables favoring theefficiency of administration.We see that to continue asking about the necessities and satisfaction of personnel toknow the opinions, points of view and perspective of the problem in order to identify theperceptions of the nurses, about the causes of in justified absence, over the entire group andwork shifts where this phenomenon has increased.

O absenteísmo da equipe de enfermagem é um problema enfrentado por muitasunidades de saúde, pois evita fornecer cuidados de qualidade e eficientes em unidades demedicina familiar. O objetivo deste estudo é fazer um diagnóstico sobre os fatores quecausam o absenteísmo, mostrar quatro modelos que permitem compreender esse fenômenoem seu contexto e basear as ações daqueles que administram o departamento de enfermagem.Para avaliar o assunto em estudo, analisou-se o pessoal, que indicou o nível deabsenteísmo que prevaleceu na unidade; os resultados obtidos refletem o ambiente detrabalho adverso como a principal causa não previsível, relacionando-os aos problemas edoenças familiares, evidenciando a importância de analisar sistematicamente esse fenômeno,a fim de obter informações oportunas que favoreçam a realização de medidas destinadas acontrolar a variáveis associadas diferentes, favorecendo assim a eficiência administrativa.Conclui-se que é necessário examinar as necessidades e satisfações da equipe,conhecer suas opiniões, pontos de vista e perspectivas sobre esse problema, e com issoidentificar as percepções dos enfermeiros sobre as causas do absenteísmo injustificado,especialmente em grupos ou horários de trabalho onde o fenômeno aumenta.

Selecting, training and supervising nurses to treat depression in the medically ill: experience and recommendations from the SMaRT oncology collaborative care trials.

OBJECTIVE: Collaborative care programs to treat comorbid depression in the medically ill often have general (nonpsychiatric) nurses care managers. In this paper, we aim to provide practical recommendations for their selection, training and supervision. METHODS: Based on more than 10 years of experience of selecting, training and supervising general nurses to deliver a highly effective collaborative care programme called "Depression Care for People with Cancer," we describe the problems encountered and the solutions adopted to optimize the selection, training and supervision of nurse care managers. RESULTS: To select nurses for the role of care manager, we found that role plays enabled us to assess nurses' ability to interact with distressed patients and their capacity for self-reflection better than simple interviews. To train the nurses, we found that a structured program that mirrored the treatment manual and included simulated practice was best. To achieve effective supervision, we found that having sessions led by senior psychiatrists facilitated both constructive feedback to the nurses and effective review of the management of cases. CONCLUSIONS: We recommend that the selection, training and supervision of general nurses use the strategies outlined if they are to maximize the benefit that patients achieve from collaborative care programs.

Avaliação de desempenho na opinião da equipe de enfermagem de hospital universitário público / Performance evaluation under the opinion of the nursing staff from a public university hospital

Objetivou-seconhecer a opinião da equipe de enfermagem de um hospital universitário público sobre o processo deavaliação de desempenho. Trata-se de um estudo transversal com abordagem quantitativa, realizadoem hospital universitário do norte do Paraná. A amostra foi composta por 70 participantes, pertencentes às categorias de auxiliares, técnicos de enfermagem e enfermeiros das unidades de internação de adultos e de moléstias infecciosas. Para a coleta de dados utilizou-se um instrumento adaptado. Osdados foram analisados por meio de estatística descritiva. A maioria dos participantes demonstrou satisfação com a avaliação de desempenho, entretanto, alguns indivíduos relataram aspectos negativos, dentre os quais o momento de avaliação entre pares. Concluiu-se que o sucesso da avaliação estárelacionado ao significado e à satisfação que o participante atribui a esse processo. Quando utilizada de forma adequada, a avaliação de desempenho proporciona benefícios tanto para a instituição quanto para o desenvolvimento profissional e pessoal dos funcionários.

This study intended to know the opinion of the nursing staff of a public university hospital on the performance assessment process. Cross-sectional study with a quantitative approach, performed at a university hospital in the north of Paraná. The sample consisted of 70 participants, categorized as nursing assistants, nursing technicians and nurses from the inpatient units for adults and infectious diseases. For data collection it was used an adapted instrument. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics. Most participants showed satisfaction with the performance evaluation, although, some subjects reported negative aspects, among them the moment of evaluation between pairs. It was concluded that the evaluation success is related to the meaning and satisfaction that the participant attributes to this process. When used properly, the performance appraisal provides benefits for both, for the institution and for the professional and personal development of employees.

Clinical supervision in the palliative care team setting: a concrete approach to team wellness.

Clinical supervision is a structured, case-based approach to learning that is used most often in the mental health field. An established palliative care consultation service at a large, academic medical center implemented a modified clinical supervision model in an effort to improve team members' awareness of their own emotions and the way those emotions impact behavior during, primarily, clinical encounters. This report discusses clinical supervision in detail and, by way of a case, illustrates the power of this intervention as a source of self-care and a concrete approach to managing palliative care team well-being.

A interpretação do trabalho em enfermagem no capitalismo financeirizado: um estudo na perspectiva teórica do fluxo tensionado / The nursing work interpretation in financial capitalism a study in the theoretical perspective of "flux tendu"

O objeto deste estudo é o trabalho das categorias da enfermagem sob a organização pós-fordista no capitalismo financeirizado. Associamos a mundialização do capital e a predominância financeira à expansão dos serviços de saúde no Brasil. Nesse sentido, discutimos as características do trabalho coletivo em saúde e das categorias de enfermagem. Abordamos a relação geral e particular do trabalho em saúde e problematizamos a leitura do trabalho em enfermagem nos moldes tayloristas. Os estudos de caso concentram-se em três hospitais localizados Região Metropolitana de São Paulo com gestões distintas: administração pública; administração terceirizada para Organização Social de Saúde (OSS); e administração privada. Nessas unidades, através de etnografia e da realização de entrevistas com os profissionais, caracterizamos o tipo de regime de trabalho pela abordagem do tipo de vínculo empregatício; da remuneração; sobre transferências, promoções e demissões; das características do absenteísmo; da relação com a chefia e da ação coletiva. Estritamente, sobre o processo de trabalho, abordamos o predomínio relacional do ato do cuidado, a influência da tecnologia, os erros procedimentais e a saúde dos trabalhadores. Em nossa visão, a conversão dos serviços de saúde em áreas de valorização do capital e o subfinanciamento do Estado configuram a relação desproporcional entre a demanda de usuários e a quantidade incipiente de trabalhadores que seria o modus operandis do trabalho em enfermagem. Desse modo, o processo de trabalho fundamenta-se no fluxo tensionado, gerando sobrecarga e intensificação, consequentemente, a incidência de erros, o desgaste físico-psicológico e a frustração para os trabalhadores

The object of this study is the work of the nursing practice's categories under the post-fordism organization into the financial-funding capitalism. We associated the globalization of capital and the financial dominance to the expansion of the field of health services in Brazil. Under this view, we discuss the characteristics of team work and the categories in nursing practice, the general and private relationship into the field and problematize the reading of the nursing practice under the light of the taylorism. The case studies concentrate in three hospitals of different administrative methods: public; through Social Health Organization (OSS); and private administration in the metropolitan region of Sao Paulo. In these units, through ethnography and interviews with professionals, we characterize the type of work regimen by analyzing the employment network; the remuneration; the transfers, promotions and dismissals; the characteristics of the absentees; the relation with the superiors and the team action. Strictly, about our process of work, we address the predominance of the act of caring, the influence of the technology, the procedure errors and the healthcare of the workers. In our point of view, the conversion of the health services into fields of capital appreciation and the sub-financing of the State configure an imbalanced relationship between the demand of users and the incipient amount of workers that would be the modus operandis of the nursing practice. Thus, the process of work lays the foundations of the tensioned flux flux tendu of the reactivity to the context, generating overcharge and intensification, therefore the incidence of mistakes, physical-psychological distress and frustration to the workers