Optimización del injerto conectivo subepitelial en la cobertura de recesiones gingivales múltiples contiguas: presentación de un caso clínico / Optimization of the subephitelial connectivetissue graft to treat adjacent multiple gingivalrecessions. Clinical case presentation

Objetivo: describir, mediante un caso clínico, una técnica quirúrgica para la optimización del injerto conectivo libre subepitelial en la cobertura de recesiones gingivales contiguas múltiples. Caso clínico: Una paciente de sexo femenino, de 57 años de edad, concurrió a la consulta con recesiones clase III de Miller, abfracciones, erosiones y malposición. El procedimiento quirúrgico elegido fue la técnica de desplazado coronal con incisiones oblicuas. Se realizó la toma de un injerto conectivo subepitelial y se lo optimizó en seis porciones trian-gulares, de manera tal que cada una abarcara una recesión desde el 13 hasta el 23. Se efectuó el seguimiento de la cicatrización y de la estabilidad de la cobertura radicular a los 90 días.Conclusión: Este nuevo abordaje quirúrgico es una alternativa válida para cubrir recesiones gingivales múltiples en un solo procedimiento, al poder aprovechar al máximo la utilización de un injerto conectivo libre subepitelial.

Aim: to present the surgical resolution of a clinical caseof multiple gingival recessions treated with a novel approach.Case report: A 57 year-old non-smoking female patientwith Miller Class III gingival recessions abfractions, erosionsand tooth malposition came to the consultation. The treatmentthat was chosen consisted in covering the gingival recessionswith a coronal advanced flap with oblique incisions. A subephitelialgingival graft was harvested from the palate andan optimization in triangular portions was made, in order touse one portion for each recession. Healing and stability wererecorded for a 90 days follow-up period.Conclusion: This new surgical approach could be analternative for the treatment of multiple gingival recessionsin a single procedure, as the use of the ILS could be maximized.

Técnica rollo modificado en H para mejorar el perfil de emergencia en implantes unitarios: reporte de un caso / H-modified roll technique to improve the emergence profile in single implants: report of a case

Uno de los principales problemas que tiene que afrontar la terapia periodontal e implantológica es la preservación del reborde alveolar y los tejidos blandos luego de la colocación de un implante dental más aún si se trata de la zona anterior en donde se requiere de una alta estética. Presentamos el caso de una paciente de sexo femenino que presenta defecto I de Seibert en lazona del implante inmediato post exodoncia de la pieza 1.2. Se decide realizar la Técnica de Rollo modificado en H para mejorar el aspecto vestibular del reborde reabsorbido. Se obtienen óptimos resultados, y una mejora substancial del aspecto estético vestibular al cabo de 3 meses de cicatrización.

Hiperplasia gingival fibrosa en sitio estético: enfoque quirúrgico ante recidiva / Fibrous gingival hyperplasia in esthetic zone: surgical approach on recurrence

Objetivo: aportar evidencia clínica sobre el abordaje de lesiones hiperplásicas en sitios estéticos y enfatizar la importancia de la planificación quirúrgica para reducir al mínimo su recidiva. Caso clínico: una paciente de 65 años de edad se presentó a la consulta con lesión nodular localizada en encía vestibular de pieza 21, con un período de evolución de 18 meses. Se describe el procedimiento quirúrgico inicial llevado a cabo para su tratamiento, el diagnóstico anatomopatológico, su evolución y recidiva, y un nuevo enfoque quirúrgico para su eliminación. Conclusiones: este informe enfatiza la importancia de una completa escisión de la lesión con margen de seguridad para evitar su recidiva, como objetivo primario en el abordaje quirúrgico. En sitios estéticos, la biopsia escisional, junto con la cirugía plástica periodontal, puede ser una opción para restaurar la salud gingival y devolver la estética y función al sitio

Recesión única en el maxilar superior, tratamiento mediante colgajo desplazado lateral avanzado coronalmente: reporte de casos / Isolated recession in the upper maxillary, treatment by means of coronally advanced lateral flap: report of cases

Describir el tratamiento quirúrgico realizado, como también evaluar la cicatrización y cobertura gingival obtenida en dos pacientes con recesiones gingivales únicas en vestibular del maxilar superior. Casos clínicos: en los dos casos presentados en este reporte se trataron quirúrgicamente dos recesiones clase I y II de Miller, mediante colgajo desplazado lateral avanzado coronalmente. Conclusiones: es de suma importancia preservar y/o recuperar los tejidos gingivales, no solamente desde el punto de vista estético sino también funcional. Debemos considerar los factores anatómicos locales que influyen en el resultado final y hacer un diagnóstico correcto del caso. Aprovechando las ventajas de esta técnica disminuiremos los fracasos...

Técnica quirúrgica antifuga en el implante de catéter de Tenckhoff para diálisis peritoneal / Antileaking surgical technique in implantation of Tenckhoff's catheter for peritonal dialisis

Se realizó un estudio experimental, prospectivo, comparativo, de selección aleatoria y ciego en los Hospitales Nuevo Civil y México Americano de Guadalajara, de enero a diciembre de 1994, en que se analizaron dos procedimientos utilizados para disminuir hiperazoemia en pacientes con insuficiencia renal crónica o aguda, con la finalidad de establecer eficiencia obtenida mediante la aplicación de catéteres de diálisis peritoneal rectos y curvos a la cavidad peritoneal. En ambas técnicas se fijo firmemente el catéter a la aponeurosis peritoneal o posterior del músculo recto anterior del abdomen. Distribuimos 90 pacientes en dos grupos de 45, para comparar la técnica quirúrgica original de colocación de catéter de diálisis frente a una técnica que denominamos "antifuga". El objetivo principal es demostrar que utilizando la técnica antifuga y clasificando la consistencia de la aponeurosis posterior del músculo recto anterior del abdomen (APRA) y utilizando el grosor de la sutura según su firmeza, pudiera existir un menor número de fugas, infecciones del túnel subcutáneo e infección en el sitio de salida de la pared abdominal, además de disminuir otras complicaciones secundarias, como son: dehiscencia, herniación e infección de la herida quirúrgica. Con base a los resultados de este estudio experimental concluimos que existe correlación entre la fuga temprana de soluciones con la técnica original y con la edad, grado de obesidad y APRA de los pacientes. Además, que el de catéteres en espiral fallan que menor frecuencia que los rectos, por lo que recomendamos la técnica antifuga y el empleo de catéteres en espiral en el manejo de diálisis peritoneal ambulatoria para pacientes con insuficiencia renal crónica

Reparación de grandes defectos cutáneos con colgajos libres microvasculares / Skin coverage after surgical removal of extensive skin cancers with microvascular free flaps

Antecedentes: La reparación de grandes defectos cutáneos post-resección de tumores malignos representó durante años un desafío difícil de solucionar para el cirujano oncológico debido a las limitaciones impuestas por los procedimiento reconstructivos. Objetivo: Se analizó la experiencia de la División de Cirugía Oncológica del Hospital de Clínicas en las reconstrucciones post-resección de tumores cutáneos con colgajos libres microquirúrgicos entre los años 1986-1997. Diseño: Estudio retrospectivo. Población: Se analizaron 37 enfermos (31 con lesiones de cabeza y cuello, 4 en miembro superior y 2 en miembro inferior) en quienes se realizaron 39 colgajos sobre un total de 147 pts. reconstruidos con 153 colgajos, en quienes se realizaron 24 colgajos radiales, 14 paraescapulares, y 1 dorsal ancho. Métodos: Se realizó la revisión de las historias clínicas de pacientes portadores de tumores cutáneos, analizándose la aplicabilidad del método, las complicaciones y un análisis de resultados categorizándolos en buenos, regulares y malos. Resultados: Se registró un índice global de complicaciones de 13 por ciento (5 casos). En 2 casos necrosis del colgajo. No hubo mortalidad operatoria. 94 por ciento de los pts. tuvieron resultados buenos o regulares. Conclusiones: Las reconstrucciones con colgajos microquirúrgicos tienen distintas ventajas sobre las técnicas hasta ahora utilizadas. Por esta razón son preferidas para la reconstrucción de grandes defectos planos, en dos y o en tres dimensiones; en un tiempo operatorio, con escasa morbilidad y nula mortalidad, y resultados estéticos y funcionales superiores. El colgajo radial tiene un pedículo, puede disecarse y requiere el uso de injerto sobre la zona dadora. El paraescapular de fácil disección, provee una isla de piel delicada de gran extensión, tiene un pedículo confiable y permite el cierre primario de la zona dadora

Arteriovenous cross-flow flap in rats: a novel skin flap.

Angiosomes are blocks of tissues, composed of the integument and underlying deep structures, supplied and drained by a named artery and its accompanying vein. The purpose of the current study is to describe a new principle, which allows extension of the territory of an angiosome into the adjacent angiosome, thus enabling the creation of a large skin flap (arteriovenous cross-flow flap). Epigastric skin flaps, measuring 8 x 8 cm, were raised in 30 Sprague-Dawley male rats. In group A (single-pedicle flap), the flaps were based on the epigastric artery and vein on the ipsilateral side, and the contralateral pedicle was divided. In group B (cross-flow flap), the epigastric vein on the ipsilateral side and the epigastric artery on the contralateral side of the flap were divided. In group C (skin graft), the vascular pedicles were divided bilaterally. A definitive assessment was made on the seventh day. Digital images of the flaps were analyzed using an imaging software and the areas of skin survival and necrosis were determined. Lead oxide microangiogram was performed in another set of flaps both acutely and 1 week after flap elevation. The percent survival flap area in group A was 69.94, in group B was 89.07, and in group C was 13.00. All the groups are statistically different, with a p value < 0.001. The microangiograms showed striking differences in the vascular pattern in the cross-flow and the single-pedicle flaps. It is clearly demonstrated that the arteriovenous cross-flow flaps have increased survival of skin when compared with the conventional axial-pattern flaps.

Surgical management of persistent mediastinitis after coronary bypass grafting.

Persistent mediastinitis despite primary revision, closed irrigation therapy, and additional secondary omental plasty is a life threatening situation in cardiac surgery. We managed this rare complication in one instance by sternectomy and hemirectus plasty as well as bilateral pectoralis plasty.

Nail transfer: evolution of the reconstructive procedure.

Reconstruction of a missing or deficient nail is an interesting and challenging undertaking for plastic surgeons, but little has been published concerning this topic. In the past 23 years, from 1973 to 1995, we performed 24 operations for nail reconstruction in 19 patients. A free nail graft was used in 14 operations, and a vascularized nail flap was used in 10. Vascularized nail flaps were divided into three categories: long-pedicle vascularized nail flaps (3 nails), vascularized nail flaps supplied by arterial inflow from the venous system (termed venous flaps, 3 nails), and short-pedicle vascularized nail flaps (4 nails). In only one case of free nail graft did the grafted nail necrose secondary to infection. The other 23 nails (13 free nail grafts, 10 vascularized nail flaps) survived completely, and good nail growth was obtained. With progress in plastic surgery, reconstructive procedures for nails have changed. In this paper, we will report the evolution of our reconstructive procedure and current strategy of nail reconstruction.

Mandibular anterior ridge extension: a modification of the Kazanjian vestibuloplasty technique.

PURPOSE: A modification of the secondary epithelization vestibuloplasty technique described by Kazanjian that eliminates the sharp V in the depth of the extended vestibule and counteracts shallowing of the sulcus is presented. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Ten consecutive patients indicated for anterior mandibular secondary epithelization vestibuloplasty were treated. A bipedicled mucosal flap was developed in the labioalveolar mucosa for lining the extended vestibular depth. A comparison was made of the vestibular depth measured from the crest of the ridge to the junction of the attached mucosa both preoperatively and postoperatively. RESULTS: Healing of raw surfaces was uneventful. The mean preoperative anterior mandibular vestibular depth was 3.5+/-1.1 mm. After 6 months, the mean anterior mandibular vestibular depth was 9.2+/-1.7 mm, a statistically significant difference (P < .05). The mean gain in vestibular depth was 5.7+/-2.2 mm. CONCLUSION: Overcorrection is unnecessary with this modification. Elimination of the sharp V in the extended vestibular depth enables denture fabrication with better flange extension and improved oral hygiene.

Reconstruction of partial laryngopharyngectomy defects.

As our contributors to this section have pointed out, there are at present two main methods of reconstructing defects of the pharynx and cervical esophagus: free jejunal transfer (FJT) and tubed radial forearm flap. The advantage of the FJT is that it is a tube, thus limiting the enteric suture lines to proximal and distal. The radial forearm flap requires not only the proximal and distal suture lines but a long longitudinal suture line to create the tube. This increase the possibility for fistula formation. The controversy surrounding this case concerns what to do with a remaining mucosal strip after a subtotal laryngectomy. Traditional reconstructive principles would dictate that normal tissue should not be sacrificed, but some would argue that the remaining mucosa should be sacrificed to allow for use of a FJT. The other alternative would be use of a radical forearm skin flap tubed to 270 degrees. At the University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, we preferentially use the FJT for almost all defects and would probably have sacrificed the remaining mucosal strip in this particular case. We have used skin flaps to patch pharyngeal defects and prevent stricture in a number of cases. This is usually done however when the remaining pharyngeal mucosa approaches 50% or greater. Although we do not routinely use the tubed radial forearm flap because of the increased rate of fistula formation, there are some definite indications for its use. The first important indication is in patients in whom speech rehabilitation is desired or indicated. The skin flap provides a stiffer resonating chamber for the speech production and does not have the peristalsis or the mucus production associated with the jejunal flap. Another indication for use of radial forearm flap would be when there is a contraindication to celiotomy, ie, patients with hepatic cirrhosis and associated ascites or other abdominal conditions precluding abdominal exploration. In this situation, avoiding an intra-abdominal procedure would limit operative morbidity. In conclusion, one should use whichever procedure obtains a healed wound and re-establishes continuity of the upper gastrointestinal tract. In our hands, retention of the remaining mucosal segment would not be critical in this particular case and in fact would present a hindrance to use of the FJT.

Functional outcome in soft palate reconstruction using a radial forearm free flap in conjunction with a superiorly based pharyngeal flap.

BACKGROUND: Speech and swallowing problems due to velopharyngeal incompetence may follow soft palate resection and reconstruction. Over the past 3 years, we have developed the use of a superiorly based pharyngeal flap in conjunction with a radial forearm flap for soft palate reconstruction. METHODS: This paper describes the technique in detail and compares the functional results in a study with patients undergoing soft palate resection for squamous cell carcinoma treated with or without a pharyngeal flap as an adjunct to a radial forearm free flap for soft palate reconstruction. Seven patients had one quarter or one half soft palate defects reconstructed with a radial forearm flap alone. Of the 11 patients undergoing three quarter or total soft palate resections, all were reconstructed with a radial forearm flap, but 5 were treated with an additional superiorly based pharyngeal flap. The functional outcome for all the patients was analyzed and compared. RESULTS: Our results show that the addition of the superiorly based pharyngeal to the radical forearm flap in soft palate reconstruction results in improved speech and swallowing. We recommend the use of the additional flap in resections in which more than one quarter of the soft palate is included.

Vascular delay in skeletal muscle: a model for microcirculatory studies.

Dynamic myoplasty is a relatively new use for muscle flaps and has led us to revisit the mechanisms of vascular delay as a means of optimizing blood supply to muscle flaps. Despite the well-documented effectiveness of vascular delay in skin flaps, vascular delay in muscle flaps has not been widely reported. Regardless of the many mechanisms postulated in the literature as contributors to the delay effect in skin, the one element common to all these hypotheses is the importance placed on changes in the microcirculation. Based on this factor, in the present study we developed and validated an animal model in which delay-induced microvascular changes could be measured in skeletal muscle flaps. We used the hairless mouse latissimus dorsi muscle flap because its vascular distribution is similar to that of humans and its thin structure will enable us in future studies to directly view and measure its microvasculature using videomicroscopy. In 12 animals, we found that delay significantly (p < 0.01) reduced necrosis of the distal part of the muscle from 57 +/- 9 percent in nondelayed flaps (n = 7) to 22 +/- 3 percent in delayed (n = 5) flaps. In these studies, we also determined that the hairless mouse latissimus dorsi muscle flap will serve as an excellent model for defining microvascular changes throughout delay.

Resection of a bronchogenic cyst involving the wall of the mainstem bronchus and repair utilizing a pedicled pericardial flap.

Symptomatic bronchogenic cysts should be completely resected because of uncertainties in diagnosis, to prevent recurrence, and to avoid late complications. Infrequently, these cysts may involve the proximal tracheobronchial tree. Often such cysts are incompletely excised with less than optimal results. A case of a patient with a bronchogenic cyst involving the wall of the right mainstem bronchus is presented. The cyst was completely excised and the bronchus repaired using a pedicled pericardial flap. The procedure may serve as the preferred method of reconstruction in such circumstances.

Nonoperative estimation of the soleus musculotendinous junction using magnetic resonance imaging.

Although it is recognized as the muscle flap of choice for middle-third defects of the lower limb, the capability for even more distal transposition of the soleus muscle remains controversial. Such reach depends directly on the site of insertion of the muscle and previously has not been assessed convincingly without surgical intervention. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) may be a noninvasive alternative for determining the distal extent of the musculotendinous junction of the soleus muscle. In our last four patients, preoperative MRI scans were obtained prior to an elective soleus muscle transfer. The distance from the ankle joint to the most distal site of the soleus insertion was measured on the MRI scan and compared with the actual intraoperative measurement, which had a significant correlation (r = 0.98, p = 0.019). A retrospective review of 42 other sagittal ankle MRI scans predicted the mean of this distance to be 1.92 +/- 1.23 cm (range -0.4 to 4.5 cm), compared with gross anatomic dissections in 30 unrelated fresh cadavers, where this was 4.06 +/- 3.11 cm (range -0.7 to 12.5 cm). These additional data are pertinent because they reinforce recognition of the great variation in soleus anatomy, which would limit clinical applications for the distal third of the leg only for those individuals with very distal insertions. The MRI scan can reliably identify the soleus muscle and provides a nonoperative method for evaluation of potential feasibility for its use as a local muscle flap for distal lower extremity defects.

A new flap from the dorsum of the first intermetacarpal area: the first dorsal intermetacarpal flap.

Soft-tissue reconstruction of the hand still remains a challenge for plastic and reconstructive surgeons. Several flaps have been described to cover soft-tissue defects of the digits and the hand. In the first web region, there are some communications between the intermediate artery arising from the dorsal branch of the radial artery and the volar arteries of the thumb and the index finger. Depending on these communications, a new distally based flap is raised from the first dorsal intermetacarpal area. This flap has been used to cover various defects of the thumb in four patients and the distal radial side of the palmar area in one patient. Donor sites have been closed primarily except in one patient. There were no complications, and the results show that this flap is useful to cover soft-tissue defects of the thumb and proximal phalanx of the index finger as well as the radial side of the palmar and dorsal surfaces of the hand.