RESUMO
Childhood parasomnias and movement disorders arise from a variety of etiologic factors. For some children, psychopathology plays a causal role in sleep disorders; in other cases, recurrent parasomnia episodes induce psychopathology. Current research reveals complex interconnections between sleep and mental health. As such, it is important that clinicians consider the impact psychiatric disorders have on childhood parasomnias. This article describes common parasomnias and movement disorders in children and adolescents, with emphasis on psychologic and behavioral comorbidities.
Assuntos
Parassonias/diagnóstico , Parassonias do Sono REM/diagnóstico , Transtornos do Despertar do Sono/diagnóstico , Transtornos Intrínsecos do Sono/diagnóstico , Adolescente , Bruxismo/diagnóstico , Bruxismo/psicologia , Bruxismo/terapia , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Comorbidade , Diagnóstico Diferencial , Humanos , Programas de Rastreamento , Transtornos Mentais/diagnóstico , Transtornos Mentais/psicologia , Transtornos Mentais/terapia , Síndrome da Mioclonia Noturna/diagnóstico , Síndrome da Mioclonia Noturna/psicologia , Síndrome da Mioclonia Noturna/terapia , Parassonias/psicologia , Parassonias/terapia , Polissonografia , Parassonias do Sono REM/psicologia , Parassonias do Sono REM/terapia , Síndrome das Pernas Inquietas/diagnóstico , Síndrome das Pernas Inquietas/psicologia , Síndrome das Pernas Inquietas/terapia , Fatores de Risco , Transtornos do Despertar do Sono/psicologia , Transtornos do Despertar do Sono/terapia , Privação do Sono/psicologia , Transtornos Intrínsecos do Sono/psicologia , Transtornos Intrínsecos do Sono/terapiaRESUMO
Recent reports have called into question the relevance of periodic leg movements during sleep disorder (PLMSD) as a specific clinical entity. Because periodic leg movement in sleep index (PLMSI) increases with age, it has become an important exclusion criterion in research on aging. However, it is unknown if PLMSI is related to sleep quality in middle-aged subjects without sleep complaints. The sleep of 70 healthy, middle-aged subjects (age 40 to 60 years) without sleep complaints was evaluated. Subjects were divided into two groups according to their PLMSI severity: (1) 43 subjects (28 women, 15 men) were in the low PLMSI group (<5) and (2) 22 subjects (9 women, 13 men) were in the high PLMSI group (>10). A significantly higher proportion of men than women showed PLMSI greater than 5. There was no significant effect of PLMSI severity group for polysomnographic sleep parameters. PLMSI exerted a small but significant effect on subjective sleep quality, especially in middle-aged men. These results raise questions about the relevance of PLMSI as a pathological index for middle-aged subjects without sleep complaints and support the notion that an increase in PLMSI may be part of the normal process of aging associated with the loss of dopaminergic function.