Postoperative Dumping Syndrome, Health-Related Quality of Life, Anxiety, Depression, and Eating Disturbances: Results of a Longitudinal Obesity Surgery Study.

INTRODUCTION: Given the lack of research on the relationship of post-surgery dumping syndrome and eating disturbances, the purpose of the present longitudinal study was to investigate whether dumping after obesity surgery is associated with pre-/postoperative eating disorder symptoms or addiction-like eating beyond the type of surgery, gender, health-realted quality of life (HRQoL) and anxiety/depressive symptoms. METHODS: The study included 220 patients (76% women) before (t0) and 6 months after (t1) obesity surgery (sleeve gastrectomy [n = 152], Roux-en-Y gastric bypass [n = 53], omega loop gastric bypass [n = 15]). The Sigstad Dumping Score was used to assess post-surgery dumping syndrome. Participants further answered the Eating Disorder Examination Questionnaire (EDE-Q), Yale Food Addiction Scale 2.0 (YFAS 2.0), Short-Form Health Survey (SF-12), and Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) at t0 and t1. RESULTS: The point prevalence of symptoms suggestive of post-surgery dumping syndrome was 33%. Regression analyses indicate an association of dumping with surgical procedure (bypass), female gender, reduced HRQoL, more anxiety/depressive symptoms, and potentially with binge eating but not with eating disorder symptoms in general or with addiction-like eating. CONCLUSION: The current study failed to show a close relationship between the presence of self-reported dumping syndrome and eating disorder symptoms or addiction-like eating following obesity surgery. Further studies with longer follow-up periods should make use of clinical interviews to assess psychosocial variables and of objective measures to diagnose dumping in addition to standardized self-ratings.

Efficacy and safety of lanreotide in postoperative dumping syndrome: A Phase II randomised and placebo-controlled study.

Background: Data on the efficacy and safety of the long-acting somatostatin analogue lanreotide (LAN) for postoperative dumping syndrome are lacking. Objective: We performed a double-blind, randomised and placebo-controlled crossover study of LAN Autogel® 90 mg in postoperative dumping. Methods: Adults with a positive prolonged oral glucose tolerance test or spontaneous hypoglycaemia and total dumping score (DS) ≥ 10 despite dietary measures were treated with three monthly injections of LAN or placebo in a randomised crossover fashion with an eight-week wash-out period. Primary outcome was the effect of LAN on total DS versus placebo. Secondary outcomes were the effect on early and late DS, treatment assessment, quality of life and safety. Results: Of 24 included patients (66.7% female; age 49.1 ± 2.1 years), 12 were randomised to LAN first. Pooled DS after three injections were lower compared to baseline after LAN (median=14 (interquartile range (IQR) 11.5-23) vs. median = 22 (IQR 16-27); p = 0.03) but not placebo (median = 20 (IQR 15-27) vs. median = 23 (IQR 13-29); p = 0.15). Improvement of early (median = 7.5 (IQR 4.5-13) vs. median = 12 (IQR 9-16); p = 0.03) but not late (median = 7 (IQR 6-10.3) vs. median = 9 (IQR 6-13); p = 0.26) DS was seen. Overall treatment assessment correlated with change in DS (r = -0.69, p = 0.004). Symptom improvement was not associated with changes in quality of life. Of the 81 reported adverse events, 44 occurred on LAN compared to 37 on placebo (p > 0.05), with seven serious adverse events on LAN. Conclusions: LAN is effective for treating early postoperative dumping symptoms, although side effects are common and quality of life is not significantly affected.

The short- to mid-term symptom prevalence of dumping syndrome after primary gastric-bypass surgery and its impact on health-related quality of life.

BACKGROUND: Early and late dumping are complications of gastric bypass surgery. Early dumping occurs within an hour after eating, when the emptying of food into the small intestine triggers rapid fluid shifts into the intestinal lumen and the release of gastrointestinal hormones, resulting in gastrointestinal and vasomotor symptoms. Late dumping occurs between 1 and 3 hours after carbohydrate ingestion and is caused by an exaggerated insulin release, resulting in hypoglycemia. Almost no data are currently available on the prevalence of early and late dumping or their impact on health-related quality of life (QoL). OBJECTIVES: To study the prevalence of early and late dumping in a large population of patients having undergone a primary Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) and its effect on QoL. SETTING: Cross-sectional study at a single bariatric department in the Medical Center Leeuwarden, The Netherlands between 2008 and 2011. METHODS: In 2013, this descriptive cohort study approached by email or post all patients who underwent a primary RYGB in the setting between 2008 and 2011 in one hospital. These patients were asked to fill in standardized questionnaires measuring their QoL (RAND-36), anxiety and depression (HADS), fatigue (MFI-20) and any disease specific indicators of early and late dumping syndrome. RESULTS: The questionnaire was completed and returned by 351 of 613 patients (57.1%) and 121 nonobese volunteers. Participants were mostly female (80%), aged 42 (40-54 years), with an excess weight loss of 76.8% [IQR 61-95] after RYGB surgery 2.3 [ IQR 1.6-3.4] years earlier. Self-reported complaints of moderate to severe intensity suggestive of early and late dumping were present in 18.8% and 11.7% of patients, respectively. Patients with early and late dumping demonstrated significantly lower scores on the RAND-36 and HADS compared with patients without dumping. No differences were seen in the MFI-20 scores between patients with or without early and late dumping. CONCLUSION: In this descriptive cohort, self-reported complaints suggestive of early and late dumping of moderate-to-severe intensity were, respectively, 18.8% and 11.7% in a cohort after primary gastric bypass surgery. These complaints were associated with markedly reduced health-related QoL.

Dumping syndrome following gastric bypass: validation of the dumping symptom rating scale.

There is a lack of prevalent data for dumping syndrome (DS) and methods discriminating between different symptoms of the DS. A self-assessment questionnaire, the Dumping Symptom Rating Scale (DSRS), was developed. The aim was to measure the severity and frequency of nine dumping symptoms and to evaluate the construct validity of the DSRS. Pre- and 1 and 2 years after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass surgery, 47 adults and 82 adolescents completed the DSRS. Cognitive interview was performed. Reliability and construct validity were tested. Effect sizes (ES) of changes were calculated. Patients found the questionnaire relevant. A high proportion of the respondents reported no symptoms affecting them negatively at all (floor effects). However, 12 % stated, quite severe, severe, or very severe problems regarding fatigue after meal and half of them were so tired that they needed to lie down. Nearly 7 % reported quite severe, severe, or very severe problems dominated by nausea and 6 % dominated by fainting esteem. The internal consistency reliability was adequate for both severity (0.81-0.86) and frequency (0.76-0.84) scales. ES were small, since some subjects experienced symptoms already preoperatively. Although most patients reported no or mild dumping symptoms 1 and 2 years after gastric bypass surgery, around 12 % had persistent symptoms, in particular, postprandial fatigue, and needed to lie down. Another 7 % had problems with nausea and 6 % had problems with fainting esteem. The DSRS is a reliable screening tool to identify these patients.

The role of dumping syndrome in weight loss after gastric bypass surgery.

BACKGROUND: Roux-en-Y gastric bypass is the most commonly performed operation for the treatment of morbid obesity in the US. Dumping syndrome is an expected and desired part of the behavior modification caused by gastric bypass surgery; it can deter patients from consuming energy-dense food. In this study we assessed the role dumping has in weight loss and its relationship with the patient's eating behavior. METHODS: Fifty patients who underwent gastric bypass between January 2008 and June 2008 were enrolled. Two questionnaires, the dumping syndrome questionnaire and the Three-Factor Eating Questionnaire (TFEQ), were used to record the patients' responses. The diagnosis of dumping syndrome was based on the Sigstad scoring system, where a score of 7 and above was considered positive. TFEQ evaluated the patients' eating behavior under three scales: cognitive restraint, uncontrolled eating, and emotional eating. The results were analyzed with descriptive and parametric statistics where applicable. RESULTS: The prevalence of dumping syndrome was 42 %, with 66.7 % of the subjects being women. The nondumpers were observed to have a greater mean decrease in body mass index than the dumpers at 1 and 2 years (18.5 and 17.8 vs. 14.4 and 13.7 respectively). There was no definite relationship between the presence of dumping syndrome and the eating behavior of the patient. However, the cognitive restraint scores, greater than 80 %, were associated with an average decrease in BMI of 19 and 20.8 at 1 and 2 years compared with 14.6 and 12.4 in those with scores less than 80 % (p = 0.01 and p = 0.03, respectively). CONCLUSION: The presence of dumping syndrome after gastric bypass does not influence weight loss, though eating behaviors may directly influence it.

The domain structure of the EORTC QLQ-STO22 supported by Japanese validation data.

This paper evaluates the scale structure of the EORTC QLQ-STO22 gastric cancer module using Japanese validation data. We additionally tested two single items regarding dumping syndrome. Of 246 patients who participated in phase II clinical trials of chemotherapy to treat advanced gastric cancer, we analyzed 206 who completed the pretreatment questionnaire. The factor analysis supported the scale structure hypothesized for the initial development phase conducted by the EORTC Quality of Life Group, not the alternations made in the final psychometric testing phase. The elicited scales exhibited high internal consistency and high clinical validity. Our data suggest that there is no need to examine the dumping syndrome items. This study revealed a slightly different scale structure of the QLQ-STO22 from that obtained in the European study. Extensive discussions with the EORTC Group are needed from both cross-cultural and clinical perspectives in order to establish a consensus on the various language versions of the QLQ-STO22.

Psychological, social, and surgical factors which influence success or failure after gastric operations.

The degree of a patient's emotional maturity and the supportive value of his home, working, and recreational environments were scored by psychosociological methods preoperatively in a group of 47 patients who were intensively investigated with regard to the dumping syndrome. After surgery, the result of the operation was independently assessed as a success or a failure. At that time, a careful review was performed of each patient's clinical state, with particular reference to postgastrectomy syndromes. Positive associations were found between surgical failure and emotional instability, recorded by an Eysenck personality inventory, and scored social deprivation. Failure also correlated with the sum of the postgastrectomy syndromes and with recurrent pain, heartburn, episodic diarrhoea, and psychiatric illness in particular. The dumping syndrome itself did not contribute to failure.