Seventy-five years of impactful environmental and occupational health research at the Nelson Institute of Environmental Medicine at New York University.

Founded in 1947 as the Institute of Industrial Medicine, the Nelson Institute and Department of Environmental Medicine at New York University (NYU) Grossman School of Medicine (NYUGSOM) was supported by a National Institute of Environmental Health Science (NIEHS) Center Grant for over 56 years. Nelson Institute researchers generated 75 years of impactful research in environmental and occupational health, radiation effects, toxicology, and cancer. Environmental health research is continuing at NYUGSOM in its departments of medicine and population health. The objective of this historical commentary is to highlight the major achievements of the Nelson Institute and the department in the context of its history at facilities in Sterling Forest, Tuxedo, NY and Manhattan, NY. Aspects of our discussion include leadership, physical facilities, and research in many areas, including air pollution, health effects of environmental radiation exposures, inhalation toxicology methodology, carcinogenesis by chemicals, metals, and hormones, cancer chemoprevention, human microbiome, ecotoxicology, epidemiology, biostatistics, and community health concerns. The research of the institute and department benefited from unique facilities, strong leadership focused on team-based science, and outstanding investigators, students, and staff. A major lasting contribution has been the training of hundreds of graduate students and postdoctoral fellows, many of whom have been and are training the next generation of environmental and occupational health researchers at various institutions.

Una pequeña historia de la medicina del trabajo en Venezuela / A short history of occupational medicine in Venezuela

Se presenta una recopilación de hechos relacionados con la salud y seguridad en el trabajo, en forma de aproximación, sin intentar un análisis histórico, siguiendo un hilo transversal del rol de la medicina, en lo que ha significado a través del tiempo la salud física y mental del trabajador. Se discute la contradicción entre la salud y el trabajo, intentando dar una explicación de cómo los diferentes sistemas económicos han intentado mediar en esta contradicción. El artículo hace hincapié en las circunstancias, que en el caso venezolano, condujeron al desarrollo de hecho y de derecho de la atención de la salud de quien trabaja, primero de nuestros ancestros, los indios americanos, luego de los esclavos negros y con el pasar del tiempo, de los trabajadores de las minas en el siglo XIX y delos trabajadores petroleros en el siglo XX, siglo que a partir de 1950, con la graduación en Inglaterra del primer médico ocupacional venezolano, el Dr. Emigdio Cañizales Guédez, vio crecer exponencialmente los profesionales que se sumaron a este campo del ejercicio profesional, que incluyó servicios en las empresas, gremios, y finalmente, los postgrados. Se trae a la memoria a personas de todo el país, que, desde su lugar de acción, dieron su aporte para que la Medicina del Trabajo o Medicina Ocupacional ocupe hoy un lugar estratégico en lo que significa la empresa nacional, sea pública o privada(AU)

A compilation of facts related to health and safety at work is presented, in the form of an approximation, without attempting a historical analysis, following a transversal thread of the role of medicine in what physical and mental health has meant over time. Who works the contradiction between health and work is discussed, trying to explain how different economic systems have tried to mediate this contradiction. The article emphasizes the circumstances that in the Venezuelan case led to the de facto and legal development of health care, first of our ancestors, the American Indians, then of the black slaves and over time of the workers of the mines in the 19th century and of the oil workers in the 20th century, a century that from1950, with the graduation in England of the first Venezuelan occupational doctor, Dr. Emigdio Cañizales Guédez, will see the professionals who joined grow exponentially. To this field of professional practice, which will include services in companies, trade unions and finally postgraduate courses. The article brings to mind people from all over the country, who from their place of action, gave their contribution so that Occupational Medicine or Occupational Medicine now occupies a strategic place in what the national company means, whether public or private(AU)

Bernardino Ramazzini's De Morbis Artificum Diatriba on Workers' Health-the Birth of a New Discipline.

This paper provides a picture of the observations made over three hundred years ago by Bernardino Ramazzini (1633-1714) in light of current topical issues ranging from health problems related to work and lifestyle habits to the current burdensome COVID-19 pandemic. The main aspects of his work consist of descriptions of disorders linked to environmental risks, suggestions for measures for risk protection, and recommendations for healthy living. This paper focuses on Ramazzini's most relevant achievements by (1) analyzing the episodes that stimulated the composition of his main work and highlighting some observations on which current epidemiological and toxicological studies are based; (2) reviewing his work showing not only the systematic descriptions of work-related illnesses caused by occupational factors but also his sound etiological and physiopathological contributions to the field of occupational lung diseases, breast cancer, and environmental disorders; and (3) remarking on his main observations in the fields of risk prevention and health promotion, also in the light of some highly topical issues related to unhealthy lifestyle habits and the COVID-19 pandemic.

De Elton Mayo a Ivar Oddone: redescobrir a instrução ao sósia / From Elton Mayo to Ivar Oddone: rediscovering the instruction to the double

O presente texto foi publicado originalmente como prefácio de uma obra de Yves Clot em homenagem a Ivar Oddone. Decidimos publicá-lo no formato de artigo, com a autorização do autor, por considerarmos que traz importantes e atuais contribuições para o campo do trabalho em intercruzamento com diversas teorias: Clínica da Atividade, Ergologia, Ergonomia, Saúde do Trabalhador, dentre outras. Neste texto, Yves Clot retoma aspectos significativos da obra de Ivar Oddone e tece reflexões sobre aspectos originais dessa, nem sempre considerados pelos estudiosos da área. Assim, faz uma análise comparativa com as propostas apresentadas por Elton Mayo, as quais se sagraram como importante ferramenta para o desenvolvimento do capitalismo industrial sob a suposta égide do enaltecimento do aspecto humano nas situações de trabalho. Ao contrário das concepções e práticas de Mayo, que foram efetivamente voltadas para o aumento da produtividade das empresas e, portanto, para a exploração dos trabalhadores, Oddone buscou reconhecer e valorizar o saber dos operários, com o intuito de que esse se configurasse como um contrapoder ao ampliar o seu poder de agir na situação de trabalho, aspectos que são amplamente discutidos por Clot no texto que ora apresentamos.¹

This text was initially published as a preface written by Yves Clot in honor of Ivar Oddone. We decided to publish it as an article, authorized by the author, as we believe that it brings important and current contributions to the field of work, in interseccion with several theories: Clinic of Activity, Ergology, Ergonomics, Worker's Health, among others. In this text, Yves Clot takes up highlights of Ivar Oddone's work and produces reflections about its original aspects, not always considered by experts in the field. Thus, he makes a comparative analysis with those aspects and the proposals presented by Elton Mayo, which have become an important tool for the development of industrial capitalism under the supposed appreciation of the human sides in work situations. Contrary to Mayo's conceptions and practices, which were aimed at increasing the productivity of companies and, therefore, at the exploitation of workers, Oddone sought to recognize and value the knowledge of workers, intending that this was used as a kind of counterpower, by expanding its power to act in the work situation, points that are widely discussed by Clot in the text that we present now.

[Actuality and originality in the scientific thought of Angelo Iannaccone (1925 - 1982).] / Attualità e originalità nel pensiero e nell'azione scientifica del Prof. Angelo Iannaccone (1925 - 1982).

SUMMARY: Background. Angelo Iannaccone is certainly one of the most important personalities in the field of occupational medicine of the last century. Aims. The fiftieth anniversary of the Post-graduate School of Occupational Medicine of the Catholic University of Rome gives us the opportunity to define this extraordinary figure of man and scientist, at over 35 years from his death. Results. Prof. Iannaccone was among the very first, if not the first to deal with chronobiology and occupational ergonomics in Italy, adopting the modern perspective of "upstream" prevention, since the design phase, which had to be based on the adaptation of work to man and not vice versa. He carried out important and pioneering studies on the effects of benzene on the hematopoietic apparatus and of various industrial toxicants on the neuroendocrine system. In establishing the formative principles for the occupational physician, he devoted a significant space to industrial hygiene, in the interdisciplinary perspective of prevention sciences. He gave a significant contribution to the scientific society of occupational medicine, first as a member of the board, then as the president of the Italian Society of Occupational Medicine and Industrial Hygiene. He realized the Institute of Occupational Medicine of the Catholic University of Rome and founded the post-graduate school. Conclusions. Prof. Iannaccone's contribution to occupational health and industrial hygiene emphasized applied research and prevention in the workplace.

Bernardino Ramazzini: un pionero de la medicina del trabajo / Bernardino Ramazzini: a pioneer of work medicine

Bernardino Ramazzini (1633-1714), médico italiano, es considerado el padre de la medicina del trabajo por su tratado sobre las enfermedades de los trabajadores, publicado en latín hace más de 300 años. Su fecha de nacimiento, 4 de octubre, se ha tomado como el Día de la Medicina del Trabajo. Fue un precursor de la salud pública y de la seguridad y salud laborales. Se recuerda en este artículo la vida y obra de este eminente clínico, que poseía una amplia formación humanística. (AU)

Bernardino Ramazzini (1633-1714), an Italian doctor considered the father of occupational medicine, for his treatise about workers' diseases, published in Latin more than 300 years ago. His date of birth, October 4, is the Day of Occupational Medicine. It was a precursor to public health and occupational health and safety. This article recalls the life and work of this eminent clinician, who had an extensive humanistic training. (AU)

Reseña historica de la Gerencia de Seguridad Industrial, ambiente e higiene ocupacional del Instituto Nacional de Higiene "Rafael Rangel" / Historical Overview Industrial Safety, environment and occupational of The National Institute of Hygiene "Rafael Rangel"

La Seguridad Industrial en el INHRR nace con la conformación del primer Comité de Higiene y Seguridad Industrial en el año 1997, cumpliendo con la Norma COVENIN 2270-95 "Conformación de Comités de Seguridad Industrial". En el año 1999, se asigna la creación de la Unidad de Seguridad Laboral y Ambiente a partir del Programa de Seguridad Laboral y Ambiente. Esta Unidad estaba adscrita a la Gerencia de Recursos Humanos del INHRR. El personal que conformó esta Unidad desde sus inicios hasta la actualidad, se ha caracterizado por ser un equipo multidisciplinario con experiencia en distintas áreas técnicas de la Institución y con conocimientos sólidos en trabajos como seguridad de laboratorio químico y biológico, entre otros. Profesionales altamente capacitados, comprometidos, con entrega, ética, mística de trabajo, calidad de servicio y sentido de pertenencia por la Institución. Posteriormente se integra al equipo de trabajo un Médico Ocupacional y una Enfermera Laboral con la finalidad de prestar la atención a los trabajadores y trabajadores de la Institución. En el año 1999, aproximadamente se crea la Brigada de Control de Emergencias de la Institución cumpliendo con la normativa nacional vigente. Dichos integrantes de esta brigada siempre han contado con capacitación o actualización continua en áreas de Combate y Supresión de Incendio Nivel I y II, Materiales Peligrosos Nivel Respondedor y Operaciones, Rescate Básico Nivel I, Primeros Auxilios Nivel I, Técnicas de Desalojo, Reanimación Cardio Pulmonar, entre otros. El 1ero de septiembre del 2013, mediante Punto de Cuenta al Consejo N° 01, Sesión N° 30 de fecha 10/10/2013, fue creada funcional y organizacionalmente la Gerencia de Seguridad Industrial, Ambiente e Higiene Ocupacional, adscrita a la Presidencia del Instituto, cuya función principal es velar por la seguridad laboral, industrial y ambiental tanto de las trabajadoras, trabajadores como instalaciones y el entorno de la Institución, enfatizando en las acciones preventivas, promoviendo la cultura de seguridad y prevención en la Institución, asesorando a las diferentes unidades en materia de seguridad laboral, salud y ambiente, realizando gestiones de manejo de desechos bioinfecciosos, planes de reciclaje de papel, capacitando al personal de la Institución en materia de seguridad, laboral y ambiente, apoyo e intercambio de saberes con Organismos del Estado, en otras actividades, todas estas enmarcadas en el fiel cumplimiento de las leyes, normativas y reglamentaciones vigentes en el País.

The Industrial Safety in the INHRR was born with the conformation of the first Committee of Hygiene and Industrial Safety in the year 1997, fulfilling with the Norm COVENIN 2270-95 "Conformation of Committees of Industrial Security". In 1999, the creation of the Occupational Safety and Environment Unit was assigned based on the Workplace Safety and Environment Program. This Unit was attached to the Human Resources Management of the INHRR. The staff that made up this Unit from its beginnings to the present, has been characterized as a multidisciplinary team with experience in different technical areas of the Institution and with solid knowledge in safe chemical and biological laboratory work, among others. Highly trained professionals, committed, with dedication, ethics, work mystique, quality of service and sense of belonging by the Institution. Later, an Occupational Physician and a Labor Nurse were integrated into the work team in order to provide care to the workers and workers of the Institution. In 1999 approximately the Emergency Control Brigade of the Institution was created, complying with the current national regulations. These members of this Brigade have always had training or continuous updating such areas of Combat and Suppression of Fire Level I and II, Hazardous Materials Level Responder and Operations, Basic Rescue Level I, First Aid Level I, Techniques of Eviction, Cardio Pulmonary Resuscitation among others. On September 1, 2013, through Point of Account to the Board N ° 01, Session N ° 30 dated 10/10/2013 the Management of Industrial Safety, Environment and Occupational Hygiene was created functionally and organizationally, attached to the Presidency of the Institute , whose main function is to ensure the occupational, industrial and environmental safety of both workers, workers and facilities and the environment of the institution, emphasizing preventive actions, promoting the culture of safety and prevention in the institution, advising the different units in matters of occupational safety, health and environment, carrying out management of bioinfectious waste management, paper recycling plans, training the staff of the institution on safety, labor and environment, support and exchange of knowledge with the State Agency, in other activities, all activities framed in faithful compliance with the laws, regulations and regulations in force in the country.

Brief history of occupational health in Italy.

Italy is a relatively young nation, no more than 160 years old. From the 1860s and for many decades the country remained mainly rural with little industrial activity. Nevertheless, the latter constituted the seeds for the Italian "economic miracle" of the 1960s-1970s, and, today, Italy is one of the world's largest advanced economies. Occupational health has followed a similar pace as the country's industrial development, cultural growth, and historical events. Over the time, the nature of the most common occupational health problems changed from poverty-related diseases (infectious diseases, acute and chronic poisonings, severe pneumoconiosis, etc.) to occupational cancer and other noncommunicable diseases. Ergonomic and psychosocial disorders have a more recent origin, and it should be noted that today there has also been a non-negligible resurgence of illnesses related to poor conditions among small groups of workers.

Jock McCulloch (1945-2018): A Tribute.

Jock William McCulloch, who died at Melbourne, Australia, in January 2018, was one of the foremost historians of occupational health of his generation. This tribute reviews his career and oeuvre, which was tragically ended by his death from mesothelioma.

Alguns aspectos da política nacional de saúde do trabalhador no brasil / Algunos aspectos de la política nacional para el personal sanitario en brasil / Some aspects of national policy for health worker in brazil

RESUMO Esse artigo é sobre um trabalho que objetivou investigar as práticas que produzem o cuidado em saúde do trabalhador, a partir da análise da gestão do cuidado, no Brasil. A análise envolveu a construção das políticas de Saúde do Trabalhador no país até a formulação da Política Nacional de Segurança e Saúde do Trabalhador (2004), enquanto dispositivo de regulação das práticas de saúde, a partir do método de Michel Foucault, com foco na análise documental. Ao longo do processo de construção das políticas de Saúde do Trabalhador, observamos a tensão entre o trabalho como risco e o trabalho como produção de subjetividade, que levam à produção das noções entre saúde-controle e saúde-integralidade. A construção de linhas de cuidado em Saúde do Trabalhador denota a importância deste tema no campo da saúde pública no Brasil, para diminuir a dispersão dos casos de sofrimento dos trabalhadores que ficam no nível não dito.

RESUMEN Este artículo es sobre una obra que tuvo como objetivo investigar las prácticas que producen la atención en salud en el trabajo, a partir del análisis de gestión de la atención, en Brasil. El análisis consistió en la construcción de políticas de salud de los trabajadores en el país hasta que la formulación de la Política Nacional de Seguridad y Salud en el Trabajo (2004), mientras que la regulación del dispositivo de las prácticas de salud, a partir del método de Michel Foucault, centrándose en análisis de documentos. A lo largo de la construcción del proceso de la política de Salud Ocupacional, vemos la tensión entre el trabajo como un riesgo y el trabajo como la producción de la subjetividad, lo que lleva a la producción de ideas entre el control de la salud y la salud-completitud. Líneas de cuidado de la salud del trabajador de la construcción indica la importancia de este tema en el ámbito de la salud pública en Brasil, para disminuir la dispersión de los casos de sufrimiento de los trabajadores que permanecen en el nivel tácito.

ABSTRACT This paper analyzes the practices that produce subjective processes on workers by biopolitical guided devices, through the analysis of care management in Brazil. We sought to analyze the construction of the Occupational Health Policies in the country, focusing on the formulation of National Policy of Security and Occupational Health (2004), based on Michel Foucault's method, focused on documentary analysis. In this process, we can observe the conflict between work as a risk and work as production of subjectivity, which leads to the construction of notions of health-control and health-integrality. The creation of lines of care in Occupational Health in health services allows us to place this issue increasingly in the field of public health in Brazil and reduce the dispersion of worker's cases of suffering, which remain at the level of the unsaid.

Salud ocupacional con énfasis en la protección del trabajador/a en Paraguay / Occupational health with emphasis on the protection of workers in Paraguay

Esta revisión en salud ocupacional con énfasis en la protección del trabajador/a del Paraguay tiene por objeto dar una mirada desde la historia para comprender la relación entre los sistemas de protección social, las coberturas en riesgos profesionales, los determinantes sociales, y la salud ocupacional, además de la importancia de la cobertura de estos riesgos, y la situación en Paraguay en referencia a estas coberturas en los diferentes sectores económicos y categorías ocupacionales como el empleado privado, el del sector público y el trabajador por cuenta propia. También se analiza el papel de los diferentes organismos del estado y las legislaciones vigentes, finalizando con las futuras legislaciones y los cambios necesarios para asegurar una protección eficaz en riesgos profesionales para los trabajadores y trabajadoras del país.

This review on occupational health with an emphasis on the protection of workers in Paraguay aims to take a look from history to understand the relationship between social protection systems, occupational risk coverage, social determinants and occupational health, also the importance of coverage of these risks, and the situation in Paraguay in reference to these coverage in the different economic sectors and occupational categories such as the private employee, the public sector and the self-employed. It also analyzes the role of different state agencies and existing legislation, ending with future legislation and the necessary changes to ensure effective protection of occupational risks for workers in the country.

Identifying and assessing highly hazardous drugs within quality risk management programs.

Historically, pharmaceutical industry regulatory guidelines have assigned certain active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) to various categories of concern, such as "cytotoxic", "hormones", and "steroids". These categories have been used to identify APIs requiring segregation or dedication in order to prevent cross-contamination and protect the quality and safety of drug products. Since these terms were never defined by regulatory authorities, and many novel pharmacological mechanisms challenge these categories, there is a recognized need to modify the historical use of these terms. The application of a risk-based approach using a health-based limit, such as an acceptable daily exposure (ADE), is more appropriate for the development of a Quality Risk Management Program (QRMP) than the use of categories of concern. The toxicological and pharmacological characteristics of these categories are discussed to help identify and prioritize compounds requiring special attention. Controlling airborne concentrations and the contamination of product contact surfaces in accordance with values derived from quantitative risk assessments can prevent adverse effects in workers and patients, regardless of specific categorical designations to which these APIs have been assigned. The authors acknowledge the movement away from placing compounds into categories and, while not yet universal, the importance of basing QRMPs on compound-specific ADEs and risk assessments. Based on the results of a risk assessment, segregation and dedication may also be required for some compounds to prevent cross contamination during manufacture of APIs.

To jubilee of Federal State Budgetary Scientific institution <>.

The author presents results in main scientific trends developed in the Institute since its foundation and prospects of further advances in public health and healthcare, hygiene, industrial medicine, human ecology.

[Asbestos at the time of the First World War]. / [L'amianto al tempo della Grande Guerra].

Between the end of the 19th century and the beginning of the 20th numerous asbestos industries began operations in various parts of the world. At the time of the First World War there is ample evidence of the use of this mineral in shipbuilding, the aircraft industry and in the construction industry. In the years 1912-17 the writer Franz Kafka was co-proprietor of a small asbestos factory in Prague. Some of the writer's novels and journal pages were inspired by this experience. In this way asbestos entered into the history of 20th century European literature. In 1917 asbestos extraction was started at the quarry in Balangero, near Turin, Italy. Risks related to the use of asbestos were known at the beginning of the 20th century and legislation aimed at preventing the harmful effects of the mineral were approved in Italy.