Sexual and Reproductive Health Among Cisgender Women With HIV Aged 18-44 Years.

INTRODUCTION: The sexual and reproductive health of cisgender women with HIV is essential for overall health and well-being. Nationally representative estimates of sexual and reproductive health outcomes among women with HIV were assessed in this study. METHODS: Data from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's Medical Monitoring Project-including data on sexual and reproductive health-were collected during June 2018-May 2021 through interviews and medical record abstraction among women with HIV and analyzed in 2023. Among women with HIV aged 18-44 years (n=855), weighted percentages were reported, and absolute differences were assessed between groups, highlighting differences ≥|5%| with CIs that did not cross the null. RESULTS: Overall, 86.4% of women with HIV reported receiving a cervical Pap smear in the past 3 years; 38.5% of sexually active women with HIV had documented gonorrhea, chlamydia, and syphilis testing in the past year; 88.9% of women with HIV who had vaginal sex used ≥1 form of contraception in the past year; and 53.4% had ≥1 pregnancy since their HIV diagnosis-of whom 81.5% had ≥1 unintended pregnancy, 24.6% had ≥1 miscarriage or stillbirth, and 9.8% had ≥1 induced abortion. Some sexual and reproductive health outcomes were worse among women with certain social determinants of health, including women with HIV living in households <100% of the federal poverty level compared with women with HIV in households ≥139% of the federal poverty level. CONCLUSIONS: Many women with HIV did not receive important sexual and reproductive health services, and many experienced unintended pregnancies, miscarriages/stillbirths, or induced abortions. Disparities in some sexual and reproductive health outcomes were observed by certain social determinants of health. Improving sexual and reproductive health outcomes and reducing disparities among women with HIV could be addressed through a multipronged approach that includes expansion of safety net programs that provide sexual and reproductive health service coverage.

Correlates of sexual and reproductive health service utilization among older adults in China: Findings from the sexual well-being (SWELL) study.

BACKGROUND: Sexual and reproductive health (SRH) is critical to the overall health of older adults. We assessed the utilization of SRH services and its correlates among older adults in China. METHODS: We recruited community-dwelling adults aged 50 and above in five Chinese cities between June 2020 and December 2022. In this study SRH services included reproductive health examination, cervical cancer screening, and sexual life counselling. Logistic regression was used to assess correlates of SRH services utilization. RESULTS: A total of 3001 older adults (1819 men and 1182 women) were enrolled. Among them, 11.4 % (343/3001) of participants received a reproductive health examination, 35.4 % (418/1182) of female participants received cervical cancer screening, and 30.1 % (401/1332) of sexually active participants sought help for their sexual lives. Older men with an annual income of USD 7500 or more (aOR = 3.21, 95%CI: 1.39-7.44), two or more chronic conditions (2.38, 1.39-4.08), and reproductive health problems (2.01, 1.18-3.43) were more likely to receive a urological examination. For older women, individuals who were younger (aged 50-59 years: 5.18, 2.84-9.43; aged 60-69 years: 2.67, 1.49-4.79), lived in an urban area (1.88, 1.31-2.71), were employed (1.73, 1.21-2.47), had two or more chronic conditions (2.04, 1.37-3.05), were sexually active (1.72, 1.15-2.58) and talked about sex (1.69, 1.21-2.36) were more likely to receive a gynecological examination. CONCLUSION: SRH services utilization among older adults was low, with urological examination among older men particularly low. SRH messages and services tailored for older adults are needed to enhance their utilization of SRH services.

Função sexual e sua associação com a sexualidade e a qualidade de vida de mulheres idosas / Función sexual y su asociación con la sexualidad y la calidad de vida en mujeres mayores / Sexual function and its association with sexuality and quality of life in older women

Resumo Objetivo analisar a função sexual e sua associação com a sexualidade e com a qualidade de vida de mulheres idosas. Método trata-se de um estudo transversal, do tipo web survey, desenvolvido com 166 mulheres idosas. Foram utilizados quatro instrumentos autoaplicáveis para a obtenção dos dados biosociodemográficos, da função sexual, sexualidade e qualidade de vida. A análise foi realizada com o teste de Mann-Whitney, correlação de Spearman e regressão linear, considerando um intervalo de confiança de 95%. Resultados a maior influência da função sexual foi observada na dimensão ato sexual da sexualidade (β=0,524; [IC95%=0,451-0,597]; p<0,001; R2=54,8%) e entre a faceta intimidade da qualidade de vida (β=0,501; [IC95%=0,380-0,622]; p<0,001; R2=29,0%). De modo geral, o modelo de regressão demonstrou que a função sexual permaneceu associada à sexualidade (β=0,888; [IC95%=0,749-1,028]; p<0,001; R2=49,1%) e à qualidade de vida das participantes (β=0,352; [IC95%=0,264-0,439]; p<0,001; R2=27,7%). Conclusão e implicações para a prática a função sexual está associada à sexualidade e à qualidade de vida das mulheres idosas, assumindo comportamento diretamente proporcional que, por sua vez, pode se tornar uma estratégia para agregar qualidade aos anos adicionais de vida dessa população.

Resumen Objetivo analizar la función sexual y su asociación con la sexualidad y la calidad de vida de mujeres mayores. Método se trata de un estudio transversal, del tipo web survey, desarrollado con 166 mujeres mayores. Se utilizaron cuatro instrumentos autoadministrados para obtener datos biosociodemográficos, función sexual, sexualidad y calidad de vida. El análisis se realizó mediante la prueba de Mann-Whitney, correlación de Spearman y regresión lineal, considerando un intervalo de confianza del 95%. Resultados la mayor influencia de la función sexual se observó en la dimensión acto sexual de la sexualidad (β = 0,524; [IC 95% = 0,451-0,597]; p <0,001; R2 = 54,8%) y entre la faceta intimidad de la calidad de vida (β = 0,501; [IC del 95% = 0,380-0,622]; p <0,001; R2 = 29,0%). En general, el modelo de regresión mostró que la función sexual permaneció asociada con la sexualidad (β = 0,888; [IC95% = 0,749-1,028]; p <0,001; R2 = 49,1%) y la calidad de vida de los participantes (β = 0,352; [IC95% = 0,264-0,439]; p <0,001; R2 = 27,7%). Conclusión e implicaciones para la práctica la función sexual está asociada a la sexualidad y calidad de vida de las mujeres mayores, asumiendo un comportamiento directamente proporcional que, a su vez, puede convertirse en una estrategia para agregar calidad a los años adicionales de vida de esta población.

Abstract Objective to analyze the sexual function and its association with the sexuality and quality of life of elderly women. Methods this is a cross-sectional web survey study developed with 166 elderly women. Four self-administered instruments were used to obtain biosociodemographic, sexual function, sexuality and quality of life data. The analysis was performed using the Mann-Whitney test, Spearman correlation and linear regression, considering a 95% confidence interval. Results the greatest influence of sexual function was observed in the sexual act dimension of sexuality (β=0.524; [95%CI=0.451-0.597]; p<0.001; R2=54.8%) and between the intimacy facet of quality of life (β =0.501; [95%CI=0.380-0.622]; p<0.001; R2=29.0%). In general, the regression model showed that sexual function remained associated with sexuality (β=0.888; [CI95%=0.749-1.028]; p<0.001; R2=49.1%) and the quality of life of the participants (β=0.352; [CI95%=0.264-0.439]; p<0.001; R2=27.7%). Conclusion and implications for the practice sexual function is associated with the sexuality and quality of life of older women, assuming a directly proportional behavior which, in turn, can become a strategy to add quality to the additional years of life of this population.

The sexual and reproductive health of women with mental illness: a primary care registry study.

The purpose of this study is to characterise the sexual and reproductive health risks associated with mental illness among women. This was a retrospective cohort study of 2,680,149 women aged 14 to 45 years in the Clinical Practice Research Datalink, a UK primary care register, linked to 1,702,211 pregnancies that ended between the 1st January 1990 and 31st December 2017. Mental illness was identified in primary care and categorised into the following: common mental illness (depression/anxiety); addiction (alcohol/drug misuse); serious mental illness (affective/non-affective psychosis); other mental illness (eating/personality disorders). Logistic regression estimated the association between mental illness and subsequent risk of recurrent miscarriage and termination. Cox proportional hazards estimated the association between mental illness and time to gynaecological diseases, sexually transmitted infections, reproductive cancers, cervical screen, contraception and emergency contraception. Models were adjusted for calendar year, year of birth, smoking status and ethnicity, region and index of socioeconomic status. Compared to women without mental illness, exposed women were more likely to experience recurrent miscarriage (adjOR = 1.50, 95%CI 1.41 to 1.60), termination (adjOR = 1.48, 95%CI 1.45 to 1.50), gynaecological diseases (adjHR = 1.39, 95%CI 1.37 to 1.40), sexually transmitted infections (adjHR = 1.47, 95%CI 1.43 to 1.51), reproductive cancers (adjHR = 1.10, 95%CI 1.02 to 1.19), contraception (adjHR = 1.28 95%CI 1.26 to 1.29) and emergency contraception (adjHR = 2.30, 95%CI 2.26 to 2.34), and less likely to attend for cervical screening (adjHR = 0.91, 95%CI 0.90 to 0.92). Currently, the sexual and reproductive health needs of women with mental illness are unmet representing significant health inequalities. Clinicians must create opportunities to engage with women in primary care and mental health services to address this gap.

[Assessment of quality of sexual life in women after breast cancer treatment: about 100 cases]. / Evaluation de la sexualité chez des femmes atteintes d'un cancer du sein après traitement: à propos de 100 cas.

Breast cancer is the most common neoplastic disease in women. Several treatment strategies are used: chemotherapy, radiotherapy, surgery and hormone therapy. Each of these treatments may affect sexual health of patients in the short or long term. The purpose of our study is to assess the quality of sexual life in women after breast cancer treatment. We made a quantitative descriptive estimate of 100 sexual active patients followed up for non-metastatic breast cancer, met during their consultations with a gynaecologist at the Farhat Hached hospital in Sousse. Data collection was carried out using an information sheet and two validated scales: RSS (relation Ship and sexual) and BESAA (Body EsteemScale for adolescents and Adults) to assess the quality of sexual life and body image. The average age of patients was 53.8 years. About half of patients (48%) had impaired sexuality due to the disease. The frequency of intercourse, sexual desire and the ability to reach orgasm were decreased in 65. 45, and 54 patients, respectively. The overall score for the three body image dimensions was 49.4. Women aged between 35 and 39 years were significantly more afraid of sexual intercourse (p=0.002) and less of sexual frequency (p=0.004). Adequate and enhanced training focused on the management of women with cancer and their sexual problems and multidisciplinary approach can improve women's psychological status.

Patient Satisfaction Increases with Nipple Reconstruction following Autologous Breast Reconstruction.

BACKGROUND: Nipple reconstruction has been linked to patient satisfaction; however, there is debate about the validity of these findings in autologous breast reconstruction patients. This study hypothesized that satisfaction would increase with nipple reconstruction following autologous breast reconstruction. METHODS: A comparison study was performed of autologous breast reconstruction patients. Patients completed a survey that included BREAST-Q and nipple satisfaction measures. A chart review identified reconstructive details. RESULTS: A total of 191 patients completed the survey (48 percent response rate), with an average age of 53.7 ± 10.0 years and follow-up time of 2.8 ± 1.5 years. Nipple-areola complex reconstruction was completed in 33 percent of patients (63 of 191). Nipple-areola complex tattoos were used most frequently [n = 37 (58 percent)], followed by local flaps [n = 10 (16 percent)], free nipple-areola complex grafts [n = 9 (14 percent)], and a combination of local flaps and tattoos [n = 7 (11 percent)]. In comparison to women who did not undergo nipple-areola complex reconstruction, women who underwent any type of nipple reconstruction had a statistically higher BREAST-Q score for Sexual Well-Being (60 ± 24 versus 50 ± 22; p = 0.01), Postoperative Satisfaction with Breasts (65 ± 11 versus 61 ± 12; p = 0.01), and Satisfaction with Surgeon (97 ± 6 versus 93 ± 16; p = 0.009). The average nipple satisfaction score was 74 ± 19. There were correlations between the nipple satisfaction score and BREAST-Q scores for Sexual Well-Being (r = 0.50; p < 0.001), Psychosocial Well-Being (r = 0.43; p < 0.001), and Postoperative Satisfaction with Breasts (r = 0.43; p < 0.001). CONCLUSION: Reconstruction of the nipple-areola complex is an important part of autologous breast reconstruction, resulting in increased sexual well-being and satisfaction with reconstructed breasts.

Female Sexual Function following Sling Surgery: A Prospective Parallel Cohort, Multi-Center Study of the Solyx™ Single Incision Sling System versus the Obtryx™ II Sling System.

PURPOSE: Limited data exist regarding sexual function after single incision sling (SIS) surgery. We compared sexual function 36 months postoperatively between patients undergoing SIS and transobturator sling (TMUS) for treatment of stress urinary incontinence. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Assessment of sexual function was a planned secondary objective of this prospective, multi-center study that enrolled women to Solyx SIS or Obtryx II TMUS. The primary study aim was to compare efficacy and safety using non-inferiority design at 36 months. Patient-reported outcomes of sexual function were assessed at baseline and 6, 12, 18, 24 and 36 months using Pelvic Organ Prolapse/Urinary Incontinence Sexual Questionnaire (PISQ-12). Changes in sexual function were analyzed within and between groups. Outcomes for patients requiring surgical retreatment were determined. RESULTS: Baseline characteristics were balanced using propensity score stratification (N=141 SIS, N=140 TMUS). Groups were similar in age, body mass index and concomitant surgery performed. Average length of followup was 30 months. Baseline sexual activity was similar (123/141 SIS, 114/140 TMUS, p=0.18). Severity of urinary incontinence did not correlate with baseline sexual activity. Mean PISQ-12 scores increased significantly from baseline to 36 months for both groups, indicating better sexual function at each visit. There were no significant differences in PISQ-12 scores between groups except at 36 months, where the difference was small (-2.5, 95% CI [-4.7, 0.2]). Among patients undergoing surgical retreatment (9/281, 3%), improvement in sexual function was maintained. De novo dyspareunia was rare following both treatments (SIS 1/141, TMUS 0/140, p=1.00). CONCLUSIONS: Patients have significant improvement in sexual function after SIS and TMUS. De novo sexual pain is low after sling surgery.

Sexualidade de idosos participantes de um centro de convivência / Sexuality of elderly people participating in a cohabitation center / Sexualidad de las personas mayores que participan en un centro comunitario

Objetivo: analisar o comportamento sexual de idosos participantes de um centro de convivência. Método: estudo transversal, realizado com 91 idosos participantes de um centro de convivências em Tangará da Serra, Mato Grosso. A amostra foi de conveniência. A coleta de dados foi realizada em 2016, por meio de entrevista utilizando questionário estruturado. A análise foi descritiva. Resultados: 45,1%dos idosos têm vida sexual ativa, 95,1% têm desejo pelas práticas sexuais e 94,5% não faz uso de medidas preventivas para infecções sexualmente transmissíveis. A maioria referiu dificuldades no ato sexual (82,9%) sendo as mais prevalentes o ressecamento vaginal(29,4%), ejaculação precoce(17,6%) e problemas na ereção (11,8%). A maioria dos idosos citou conhecer as seguintes IST: HIV/AIDS (67%), gonorreia (41,8%), papiloma vírus humano (HPV) (27,5%) e sífilis (22,0%). Conclusão: Os idosos apresentam dificuldades no ato sexual, não usam preservativos, porém, têm desejo sexual. Há necessidade de implementar intervenções para promoção da saúde sexual na velhice

Objective: to analyze the sexual behavior of elderly people participating in a community center. Method: cross-sectional study, carried out with 91 elderly people participating in a community center in Tangará da Serra, Mato Grosso. The sample was of convenience. Data collection was carried out in 2016, through an interview using a structured questionnaire. The analysis was descriptive. Results: 45.1% of the elderly have an active sex life, 95.1% have a desire for sexual practices and 94.5% do not use preventive measures for sexually transmitted infections. Most reported difficulties in the sexual act (82.9%), the most prevalent being vaginal dryness (29.4%), premature ejaculation (17.6%) and problems with erection (11.8%). Most elderly people mentioned knowing the following STIs: HIV / AIDS (67%), gonorrhea (41.8%), human papilloma virus (HPV) (27.5%) and syphilis (22.0%). Conclusion: The elderly have difficulties in the sexual act, do not use condoms, however, they have sexual desire. There is a need to implement interventions to promote sexual health in old age

Objetivo: analizar el comportamiento sexual de personas mayores que participan en un centro comunitario. Método: estudio transversal, realizado con 91 adultos mayores en un centro comunitario de Tangará da Serra, Mato Grosso. La muestra fue de conveniencia. La recolección de datos se llevó a cabo en 2016, a través de una entrevista mediante un cuestionario estructurado. El análisis fue descriptivo. Resultados: el 45,1% de los adultos mayores tiene una vida sexual activa, el 95,1% tiene deseo de prácticas sexuales y el 94,5% no utiliza medidas preventivas para las infecciones de transmisión sexual. La mayoría refirió dificultades en el acto sexual (82,9%), siendo las más prevalentes la sequedad vaginal (29,4%), la eyaculación precoz (17,6%) y los problemas de erección (11,8%). La mayoría de los ancianos mencionó conocer las siguientes ITS: VIH / SIDA (67%), gonorrea (41,8%), virus del papiloma humano (VPH) (27,5%) y sífilis (22,0%). Conclusión: Los ancianos tienen dificultades en el acto sexual, no usan condón, sin embargo, tienen deseo sexual. Es necesario implementar intervenciones para promover la salud sexual en la vejez

Association of the National Dependent Coverage Expansion With Insurance Use for Sexual and Reproductive Health Services by Female Young Adults.

Importance: Sexual and reproductive health services are a primary reason for care seeking by female young adults, but the association of the 2010 Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act Dependent Coverage Expansion (ACA-DCE) with insurance use for these services has not been studied to our knowledge. Insurer billing practices may compromise dependent confidentiality, potentially discouraging dependents from using insurance or obtaining care. Objective: To evaluate the association between implementation of ACA-DCE and insurance use for confidential sexual and reproductive health services by female young adults newly eligible for parental coverage. Design, Setting, and Participants: For this cross-sectional study, a difference-in-differences analysis of a US national sample of commercial claims from January 1, 2007, to December 31, 2009, and January 1, 2011, to December 31, 2016, captured insurance use before and after policy implementation among female young adults aged 23 to 25 years (treatment group) who were eligible for dependent coverage compared with those aged 27 to 29 years (comparison group) who were ineligible for dependent coverage. Data were analyzed from January 2019 to February 2020. Exposures: Eligibility for parental coverage under the ACA-DCE as of 2010. Main Outcomes and Measures: Probability of insurance use for contraception and Papanicolaou testing. Emergency department and well visits were included as control outcomes not sensitive to confidentiality concerns. Linear probability models adjusted for age, plan type, annual deductible, comorbidities, and state and year fixed effects, with SEs clustered at the state level. Results: The study sample included 4 690 699 individuals (7 268 372 person-years), with 2 898 275 in the treatment group (mean [SD] age, 23.7 [0.8] years) and 1 792 424 in the comparison group (mean [SD] age; 27.9 [0.8] years). Enrollees in the treatment group were less likely to have a comorbidity (77.3% vs 72.9%) and more likely to have a high deductible plan (14.6% vs 10.1%) than enrollees in the comparison group. Implementation of the ACA-DCE was associated with a -2.9 (95% CI, -3.4 to -2.4) percentage point relative reduction in insurance use for contraception and a -3.4 (95% CI, -3.9 to -3.0) percentage point relative reduction in Papanicolaou testing in the treatment vs comparison groups. Emergency department and well visits increased 0.4 (95% CI, 0.2-0.7) and 1.7 (95% CI, 1.3-2.1) percentage points, respectively. Conclusions and Relevance: The findings suggest that implementation of the ACA-DCE was associated with a reduction in insurance use for sexual and reproductive health services and an increase in emergency department and well health visits by female young adults newly eligible for parental coverage. Some young people who gained coverage under the expansion may not be using essential, confidential services.

Sexual and reproductive health correlates of polysubstance use among female adolescents who sell sex in the southwest of China.

BACKGROUND: Substance use and adverse sexual and reproductive health (SRH) outcomes continue to be significant threats to female adolescents' health and wellbeing, particularly to these marginalized subpopulations. Our research aimed to tackle knowledge gaps regarding the prevalence of concurrent substance use including alcohol, tobacco, illicit drug among Chinese adolescent female sex workers (AFSWs), while to assess the correlates between substance use and SRH risks; the needs for comprehensive SRH services were also examined in this study. METHODS: A cross-sectional study enrolled 310 AFSWs aged 15-19 years by using cluster sampling method in Kunming, China. Descriptive analysis was employed to characterize the participants who were regular-alcohol users, regular-tobacco users, illicit drug users and polysubstance users. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was performed to detect the SRH correlates of regular-alcohol use, regular-tobacco use, illicit drugs and polysubstance use respectively. RESULTS: There is a high prevalence of regular-alcohol drinking (83%, 257/310) among AFSWs, with 44% (136/310) smoking cigarettes regularly and 9% using illicit drug (27/310) in the past year. In multivariate analysis, AFSWs who had middle and high school education, had higher monthly income, experienced of sexual and gender based violence (SGBV) and prior abortion, and regular-tobacco smoking were associated with increased odds of regular-alcohol drinking; engaging in unprotected sex while drunk, having STIs symptoms and using illicit drugs were significantly associated with regular-tobacco smoking; while AFSWs who had an illicit drug using- intimate partner, experienced forced sexual initiation, accessed unsafe medical providers for STIs treatment were associate with increased odds of illicit drug use. Moreover, 35% (105/298) AFSWs sought unsafe medical care for STIs treatment, or no treatment at all, among them, majority were using polysubstance (87%; 91/105). CONCLUSIONS: Our findings reveal combined threats of substance use to AFSWs' SRH and wellbeing in China, this study emphasises that the coordinated efforts are needed to integrate SRH promotion and harm reduction service across sectors, and not only fragmented measures. An effective response should include an agreed framework, indicators and targets supported by political will, solid leadership and policy reform to deal with AFSWs' overlapping vulnerabilities in a systematic way.

Sexual health in colon cancer patients: A systematic review.

OBJECTIVE: Despite the impact that diagnosis and treatment can have on patients' sexual health, very little research has been conducted on the impact of colon cancer on sexual health. The aim of this systematic review was to assess the prevalence of sexual dysfunctions in colon cancer and describe the sociodemographic, clinical, and psychological correlates of sexual dysfunction. METHODS: Four electronic databases (PsycINFO, PubMed, AcademicSearchPremier, Cochrane Library) were searched for studies reporting sexual adjustment outcomes for colorectal cancer patients from January 1990 to July 2019. RESULTS: Of the 380 articles screened, 14 were included in this review. Sexual function is affected by colon cancer: patients' sexual satisfaction decreases significantly, as does the frequency of sexual intercourse. There is an increase in sexual problems (desire, excitement, or pleasure disorders). Male gender, advanced age, distress, and the comorbidities increase sexual disorders. In addition, it appears that partner distress negatively affects patients' sexual health. Taking such difficulties into account appears key for these patients and their partners. They could benefit from better care throughout treatment and in remission. CONCLUSION: The results of this systematic review highlight the importance of taking an interest in the sexual health of patients with colon cancer.

Sexual Health in Women with Inflammatory Bowel Disease in the Danish National Birth Cohort.

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Previous studies indicate an increased risk of sexual dysfunction in women with inflammatory bowel disease [IBD] but none have examined sexual function in a large population-based cohort. METHODS: To investigate the risk of sexual dysfunction in women with IBD, we used data from the Danish National Birth Cohort, a nationwide study of 92 274 pregnant women recruited during 1996-2002. We performed a cross-sectional study based on mothers who participated in the Maternal Follow-up in 2013-14. The outcome was self-reported sexual health. Information regarding demographics and IBD characteristics was retrieved from the Danish National Patient Register. Using regression models and adjusting for important confounders, we compared sexual function in women with and without IBD. RESULTS: The study population consisted of 38 011 women including 196 [0.5%] with Crohn's disease [CD] and 409 [1.1%] with ulcerative colitis [UC]. Median age was 44 years. Compared to women without IBD, women with UC did not have significantly decreased sexual function, while women with CD had more difficulty achieving orgasm (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 1.53; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.02-2.30], increased dyspareunia [aOR 1.71; 95% CI 1.11-2.63] and deep dyspareunia [aOR 2.00; 95% CI 1.24-3.22]. The risk for difficulty achieving orgasm and deep dyspareunia was further increased within 2 years of an IBD-related contact/visit [aOR 1.81; 95% CI 1.11-2.95; and aOR 2.37; 95% CI 1.34-4.19]. CONCLUSIONS: Women with CD have significantly increased difficulty achieving orgasm and increased dyspareunia. Physicians should be cognizant of and screen for sexual dysfunction in this group of patients.

Patterns of sexual health in patients with breast cancer in China: a latent class analysis.

PURPOSE: This study aimed to identify unobserved distinct latent classes/subgroups of breast cancer (BC) patients in China with respect to various sexual health measures and examine the association of the latent membership with individual characteristics. METHODS: In a cross-sectional study, 123 BC patients were analyzed. Their sexual health was measured using the Female Sexual Functioning Index (FSFI). Latent class analysis (LCA) was used to examine the patterns of sexual health in patients. Associations of the latent class membership with individual characteristics were examined using multinomial logistic regression. RESULTS: Three a priori unknown distinct latent classes of patients were identified with respect to the 19 FSFI sexual health measures: 50 patients (41.6%) were classified in class 1 "No Impairment Group," 49 patients (39.4%) in class 2 "Organic Sexual Dysfunction Group," and 24 patients (19.1%) in class 3 "Poor Sexual Health Group." Income and anxiety were positively, whereas disease duration was negatively associated with the likelihood of being in class 2 than in class 1, patients with recurrence of cancer were likely to be in classes 2 and 3. Patients classified in class 3 were more likely to have better prior body image and have more severe menopausal symptoms, whereas less likely to have better post body image and have better partner relationships. CONCLUSION: The findings revealed the heterogeneity of sexual health among BC patients in China and may guide to identify the high-risk patients and enable early intervention.

Salud sexual y salud reproductiva en mujeres jóvenes con consumo de sustancias en Chile según datos VIII encuesta nacional de la juventud / Sexual health and reproductive health in young women with substance consumption in Chile according to data VIII national youth survey

OBJETIVOS: Determinar la asociación entre el consumo de sustancias y características de salud sexual y reproductiva de mujeres jóvenes en Chile. MÉTODOS: Estudio transversal analítico en mujeres entre 15 a 24 años. Se formaron 3 grupos: Sin consumo de sustancias (SCS), Consumo no problemático de sustancias (CNPS) y Consumo problemático de sustancias (CPS). Se realizó análisis descriptivo y de asociación entre las variables. Se ajustaron modelos de regresión logística múltiple y ordinal múltiple. RESULTADOS: Muestra de 2.589 jóvenes, el 37,8% correspondió al grupo SCS, 46,3% al grupo CSNP y 15,9% al grupo CPS. En promedio la edad de inicio de actividad sexual fue menor en el grupo CPS (15,9 años p = 0,001) mostrando mayor porcentajes de sexo oral, anal, no uno de condón, relaciones sexuales con parejas menos estables, mayor número de parejas sexuales y violencia en la pareja, (p =0,001). En este grupo se incrementa 5,84 el riesgo de tener la última relación sexual con pareja menos estable (IC95%: 3,90 - 12,01) y 8,35 veces el riesgo de tener 2 o más parejas sexuales (últimos 12 meses) (IC95%: 5,35 - 16,34). En el grupo CNPS se incrementa 1,11 veces el riesgo de tener la última relación sexual con pareja menos estable (IC95%: 1,43 - 3,12), 1,01 veces tener 2 y más parejas sexuales (últimos 12 meses) (IC95%: 1,20 - 3,36). CONCLUSIONES: Reconociéndose que la sexualidad es multifactorial, las mujeres con consumo de sustancias viven situaciones que facilitan riesgos para su salud sexual. El consumo en mujeres jóvenes es un problema de salud pública que presenta desafíos para su abordaje.

OBJECTIVES: To determine the association between substance use and characteristics of sexual and reproductive health of young women in Chile. METHODS: Analytical cross-sectional study in women between 15 and 24 years. Three groups were formed: No substance use (SCS), Non-problematic substance use (CNPS) and Problem substance use (CPS). Descriptive and association analysis was performed between the variables. Multiple logistic regression and multiple ordinal models were adjusted. RESULTS: Sample of 2,589 young people, 37.8% corresponded to the SCS group, 46.3% to the CSNP group and 15.9% to the CPS group. On average the age of onset of sexual activity was lower in the CPS group (15.9 years p = 0.001) showing higher percentages of oral, anal sex, not a condom, sex with less stable partners, greater number of sexual partners and violence in the couple, (p = 0.001). In this group the risk of having the last sexual relationship with a less stable partner is increased 5.84 (95% CI: 3.90 - 12.01) and 8.35 times the risk of having 2 or more sexual partners (last 12 months) (95% CI: 5.35-16.34). In the CNPS group the risk of having the last sexual relationship with a less stable partner is increased 1.11 times (95% CI: 1.43 - 3.12), 1.01 times having 2 and more sexual partners (last 12 months) (95% CI: 1.20-3.36). CONCLUSIONS: Recognizing that sexuality is multifactorial, women with substance use experience situations that facilitate risks to their sexual health. Consumption in young women is a public health problem that presents challenges for its approach.

Evaluación de la sexualidad en las pacientes sobrevivientes de cáncer de mama y del grado de interés en resolver sus disfunciones sexuales en la consulta médica / Assessment of the sexual health of breast cancer survivors and their Interest in discussing their difficulties with their doctors during Follow-Up / Avaliação da saúde sexual nas pacientes sobreviventes ao câncer de mama e do grau de interesse em resolver as dificuldades na consulta médica

Introducción: Las disfunciones sexuales producidas por el cáncer de mama y sus diversas formas de tratamiento se encuentran presentes hasta en el 60 % de las pacientes. En la actualidad la sexualidad sigue siendo un tema eludido, a menudo los médicos omiten tratarlo aduciendo falta de tiempo, conocimiento y experiencia para abordarlo. Objetivos: Evaluar la sexualidad de las pacientes sobrevivientes de cáncer de mama, indagar sobre el grado de interés en recibir ayuda para resolver las disfunciones sexuales vinculas al diagnóstico y al tratamiento de la enfermedad y el nivel de satisfacción con la atención recibida. Materiales y métodos: Se incluyeron pacientes diagnosticadas de cáncer de mama precoz asistidas en la Unidad de Mastología del Servicio de Oncología del Hospital de Clínicas. Se contó con la aprobación del Comité de Ética del Hospital de Clínicas. El cuestionario seleccionado es el utilizado en la Clínica de Oncología Médica de la Universidad de Chicago. Se incluyeron 128 pacientes, la mayoría eran mayores de 50 años y tenían pareja, 98 pacientes (76,5 %) estuvieron sexualmente activas en los últimos 12 meses y 85 (86,7 %) tuvieron problemas sexuales. Resultados: La mayoría (67 pacientes, 68,3 %) respondió que la sexualidad era importante en su vida, 85 (86,6 %) se mostró interesada en recibir atención para tratar sus problemas sexuales y 72 (73,4 %) considera probable abordar los mismas con un médico. Sin embargo, tan sólo 29 (29,6 %) había solicitado ayuda médica para tratarlos, y la mayoría quedó insatisfecha con la atención recibida. El 80,6 % (79) estaría dispuesta a participar de un programa dirigido a confrontar los problemas sexuales. Conclusiones: Nuestros resultados revelan la necesidad de atención de los problemas sexuales de las pacientes diagnosticadas y tratadas por cáncer de mama. Los futuros estudios deberán enfocarse en desarrollar y evaluar el éxito de las intervenciones específicas en el tratamiento de la disfunción sexual en estas pacientes y, lo que es más importante aún, diseñar estrategias para su prevención.

Introduction: Sexual dysfunction from breast cancer and its various therapies is present in up to 60 % of the breast cancer patients. Sexuality remains a neglected issue; doctors often ignore it, claiming they lack the time, knowledge or expertise required to address it. Objectives: To evaluate the sexuality of breast cancer survivors', inquire about the degree of interest in receiving help to resolve sexual dysfunctions related to the diagnosis and treatment of the disease and the level of satisfaction with the care received. Materials and methods: The subjects enrolled had an early breast cancer and were treated at the Mastology Unit of the Cancer Department of the Hospital de Clínicas. The study was approved by the hospital's Ethics Committee. The selected questionnaire is the one used at the University of Chicago Medical Oncology Clinic. Most of the 128 patients included were over 50 years old and had a sexual partner, 98 patients (76.5 %) had been sexually active within the last 12 months and 85 (86.7 %) reported having sexual problems. Results: Most patients (67/128, 68.3 %) responded that sexuality was important in their lives; 85 (86.6 %) were interested in receiving support to treat their sexual difficulties, and 72 (73.4 %) saw the feasibility of addressing them with a doctor. However, only 29 (29.6%) had sought medical help for that purpose, and most were unhappy with the care received. Seventy-nine patients (80.6 %) would be willing to participate in a program aimed at confronting their sexual problems. Conclusions: Our results reveal the need to address the sexual problems of patients diagnosed with and treated for breast cancer as part of their medical care. Future studies should focus on developing and evaluating the success of specific interventions in the management of these patients' sexual dysfunction and ―even more importantly― designing strategies for its prevention.

Introdução: A disfunção sexual produzida pelo CM e suas diversas formas de tratamento está presente em até 60 % das pacientes. Atualmente, a sexualidade continua sendo uma questão evitada, e muitas vezes os médicos não abordam o assunto alegando falta de tempo, conhecimento e experiência para tratá-lo. Objetivos: Avaliar a saúde sexual das pacientes sobreviventes ao CM e o grau de interesse em receber ajuda médica para abordar e tratar seus problemas sexuais. Material e métodos: Foram incluídas pacientes diagnosticadas com CM precoce, atendidas na Unidade de Mastologia do Serviço de Oncologia do Hospital de Clínicas, com a aprovação do Comitê de Ética do Hospital de Clínicas. O questionário selecionado é o utilizado na Clínica de Oncologia Médica da Universidade de Chicago. Resultados: Foram incluídas 128 pacientes, a maioria tinha parceiro e idade acima de 50 anos, 98 pacientes (76,5 %) se mantiveram sexualmente ativas nos últimos 12 meses e 85 (86,7 %) tiveram problemas sexuais. A maioria (67 pacientes; 68,3 %) respondeu que a sexualidade era importante na sua vida, 85 (86,6 %) mostraram interesse em receber atendimento para tratar suas dificuldades sexuais, e 72 (73,4 %) consideraram provável falar sobre essas dificuldades com um médico. No entanto, apenas 29 (29,6 %) tinham procurado ajuda médica para tratá-las, e a maioria delas ficaram insatisfeitas com o atendimento recebido. 80,6 % (79) estariam dispostas a participar de um programa voltado a confrontar os problemas sexuais. Conclusões: Nossos resultados revelam a necessidade de atendimento médico na saúde sexual das pacientes diagnosticadas e tratadas por CM. Os futuros estudos deverão estar focados em desenvolver e avaliar o sucesso das intervenções específicas no tratamento da disfunção sexual nessas pacientes e, o que é ainda mais importante, em desenhar estratégias para sua prevenção.

The State of Adolescent Sexual and Reproductive Health.

In the 25 years since the 1994 International Conference on Population and Development, significant progress has been made in adolescent sexual and reproductive health and rights (ASRHR). Trend analysis of key ASRHR indicators at global, national, and subnational levels indicates that adolescent girls today are more likely to marry later, delay their first sexual experience, and delay their first childbirth, compared with 25 years ago; they are also more likely to use contraceptives. Despite overall progress, however, unequal progress in many ASRHR outcomes is evident both within and between countries, and in some locations, the state of adolescents' lives has worsened. Population growth in countries with some of the worst shortfalls in ASRHR mean that declining rates, of child marriage, for example, coexist with higher absolute numbers of girls affected, compared with 25 years ago. Emerging trends that warrant closer attention include increasing rates of ovarian and breast cancer among adolescent girls and sharp increases in the proportion of adolescents who are overweight or obese, which has long-term health implications.

Crowdsourcing to Improve HIV and Sexual Health Outcomes: a Scoping Review.

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: This review synthesizes evidence on the use of crowdsourcing to improve HIV/sexual health outcomes. RECENT FINDINGS: We identified 15 studies, including four completed randomized controlled trials (RCTs), one planned RCT, nine completed observational studies, and one planned observational study. Three of the four RCTs suggested that crowdsourcing is an effective, low-cost approach for improving HIV testing and condom use among key populations. Results from the observational studies revealed diverse applications of crowdsourcing to inform policy, research, and intervention development related to HIV/sexual health services. Crowdsourcing can be an effective tool for informing the design and implementation of HIV/sexual health interventions, spurring innovation in sexual health research, and increasing community engagement in sexual health campaigns. More research is needed to examine the feasibility, acceptability, and effectiveness of crowdsourcing interventions, particularly in low- and middle-income countries.

The knowledge-risk-behaviour continuum among young Ugandans: what it tells us about SRH/HIV integration.

BACKGROUND: With a human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) prevalence of 2.1% among 15-24 year olds, opportunities for further integration of sexual and reproductive health (SRH) and HIV prevention services for young people in Uganda exist. We examine a range of factors that contribute to variance in risky sexual behaviour among young Ugandans. METHODS: A cross-sectional, nationally representative household survey was conducted between February and March 2016. The questionnaire used assessed knowledge, attitudes and practices related to SRH among young people aged 10-24 years. A composite indicator was constructed to assess risky sexual behaviour, defined as being involved in sexual relations under the influence of alcohol or drugs, engaging in sexual activities without a condom, and having multiple sexual partners in the 6 months preceding the survey. Exploratory analysis was conducted to provide descriptive statistics. Logistic regression was conducted to determine the factors associated with risky sexual behaviour. This analysis focuses on the sub-category aged 15-24 years, comprised of 2725 respondents. RESULTS: Knowledge levels of family planning (FP), sexually transmitted infections (STIs) and HIV across all respondents were high (above 82%). Self-reported perceived risk of STIs and pregnancy was consistently higher among 20-24 year old respondents, with 61.5% feeling at risk of STIs compared to 46.2% of 15-19 year olds. A total of 22.7% of respondents reported having been involved in risky sexual behaviour. Factors associated with risky sexual behaviour among the 15-19 years group included gender, single orphanhood, casual work, schooling status, FP knowledge and self-perceived risk of STIs/HIV. For the 20-24 year old respondents, significantly associated factors included gender, educational level, relationship to head of household, place of residence, and self-perceived risk of pregnancy. CONCLUSIONS: Despite high general SRH/HIV knowledge and perceived risk of pregnancy and HIV, risky sexual behaviour among young Ugandans remains high. Effectiveness gaps in the integrated SRH/HIV response for young people should be addressed and targeted interventions focused on holistic prevention at individual level through information, risk awareness, and skill development should be combined with interventions targeting social structures affecting individual behaviour.

Factors associated with early sexual initiation among preparatory and high school youths in Woldia town, northeast Ethiopia: a cross-sectional study.

BACKGROUND: Early initiation of sexual activity affects the sexual and reproductive health of the young population. The youth are at a high risk of risky sexual behaviours, including multiple partners and inconsistent condom use. There has been limited research on the level and determinants of early sexual initiation in Woldia town. Thus, this study aimed to assess the prevalence of early sexual initiation and associated factors among preparatory and high school students in Woldia town, northeast Ethiopia. METHODS: An institution based cross-sectional study was conducted on 723 students selected by the simple random sampling technique on March 7, 2016. A pre-tested and structured self-administered questionnaire was used for data collection. Descriptive statistics, bivariate and multivariable logistic regression were computed. Adjusted odds ratio (AOR) with a 95% confidence interval (CI) was calculated to examine the strength of association. In the multivariable analysis, a p-value < 0.05 was considered as statistically significant. RESULT: The prevalence of early sexual initiation among preparatory and high school students in Woldia town was 18.4% (95% CI:15.50,21.30%). Not attending religious programs (AOR = 3.2, 95% CI:1.84,5.44), peer pressure (AOR = 1.9, 95% CI:1.14,3.25), cigarette smoking (AOR = 2.3, 95% CI:1.06,4.85), poor parental monitoring (AOR = 2.8, 95% CI:1.77,4.53), and exposure to pornographic materials (AOR = 2.7, 95% CI:1.68,4.40) were significantly associated with early sexual initiation. CONCLUSION: A large number of students initiated sexual activity at an early age. The practiced is associated with sexual and reproductive health problems. Therefore, raising awareness of students about the risk factors for and implication of early sexual initiation through teachers, religious leaders, and parents is highly recommended.

Sexual Health Problems and Discussion in Colorectal Cancer Patients Two Years After Diagnosis: A National Cross-Sectional Study.

BACKGROUND: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is accompanied by specific treatment-related physical (ostomy, incontinence) and psychosexual (body image, depression) consequences on sexual health. AIM: To assess sexual health of patients with CRC 2 years after diagnosis. METHODS: We selected all patients with CRC from a French nationwide longitudinal study. Data sources included patient questionnaires, medical questionnaires, and medico-administrative databases. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: We evaluated sexual health using the Relationship and Sexuality Scale and assessed self-reported rates of discussion about sexuality with health care providers. RESULTS: Across the 487 patients, 258 were men and 229 were women; 77% were diagnosed with colon cancer and 23% with rectal cancer. Overall, 54% of patients reported a decrease in sexual desire, 61% a decrease in frequency of intercourse, and 48% a decrease in the possibility to reach an orgasm. Patients still experiencing fecal incontinence 2 years after diagnosis had decreases in all sexual desire, intercourse, orgasm, and satisfaction Relationship and Sexuality Scale items. Patients with rectal cancer had significantly more frequent troubles with desire and orgasm than did patients with colon cancer (P = .003 and P = .014, respectively). Regarding the discussion about sexuality, only 20% of men, 11% of women, 11% of patients with colon cancer, and 33% of patients with rectal cancer recalled having discussed sexuality with the medical team. Factors independently increasing the chance to have discussed sexuality with the medical team were younger age (odds ratio [OR] = 2.77 [1.31; 5.84]; P = .007), having an ostomy (OR = 2.93 [1.27; 6.73]; P = .011), and radiotherapy (OR = 2.78 [1.23; 6.27]; P = .014). CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS: These results highlight the need for developing interventions to improve information delivery at cancer announcement and for managing sexual troubles during survivorship in patients with CRC, particularly those experiencing fecal incontinence. STRENGTH & LIMITATIONS: Strengths are the sample size and the national representation using the data of a large-scale nation-wide survey, with the possibility of comparing colon and rectal cancers. Limitations are the assessment of sexuality 2 years after diagnosis and using only self-reported measures. CONCLUSION: This study highlights the lack of discussion about sexuality with the oncology team and the need for specific sexual rehabilitation interventions, especially for patients with rectal cancer and fecal incontinence. Developing these aspects may help patients with CRC improve their sexual prognosis. Almont T, Bouhnik A-D, Charif AB, et al. Sexual Health Problems and Discussion in Colorectal Cancer Patients Two Years After Diagnosis: A National Cross-Sectional Study. J Sex Med 2019;16:96-110.