[Mechanism of tea polyphenols improving the sarcopenia in the aged type 2 diabetes model rats via mitochondrial quality control].

OBJECTIVE: To explore whether tea polyphenols(TP) improve sarcopenia in the aged type 2 diabetes(T2DM)model rats via mitochondrial quality control(MQC). METHODS: A total of 55 2-month-old male SD rats were randomly divided into the control group(n=10), the aged model group(aged, n=10) and the aging T2DM model group(n=35). The aging T2DM model group rats were fed with high-sugar and high-fat diet and intraperitoneally injected with 50 mg/kg D-galactose daily. After 4 weeks, the aging T2DM model group rats were given a single intraperitoneal injection of 30 mg/kg streptozotocin(STZ). After STZ injection for 2 weeks, fasting blood glucose(FBG) ≥ 16.7 mmol/L was defined as successful T2DM model. When the model was successfully induced, the 30 model rats were randomly divided into aged T2DM group(Mod), 300 mg/kg TP teatment group(TP) and 3 mg/kg rosiglitazone treatment group(RSG) according to FBG, with 10 rats in each group. Each group was treated with 50 mg/kg D-galactose to induce senescence and fed with high glucose and fat for 8 weeks. Western blot was used to detect the expression of P53 protein in gastnemius muscle tissue of the model group at the end of the experiment, which was higher than that of the control group, indicating that the aging T2DM model was successfully established. FBG was detected by the blood glucose meter, gastnemius muscle relative weights was calculated, the microstructure of mitochondria of gastnemius muscle was observed by transmission electron microscope(TEM), the expression of mitochondrial biosynthesis-related proteins PGC-1α, mitochondrial dynamics-related proteins(OPA1, DRP1) and mitochondrial autophagy-related proteins(P62, LC3) in gastnemius muscle were detected by western blot. RESULTS: Compared with the control group, the level of FBG and the expression of P53 in the Mod group were increased(P<0.01). The gastnemius muscle relative weights, the expression level of PGC-1α, OPA1 and the ratio of LC3II/LC3I were decreased(P<0.01). The expression level of P62 and DRP1 were significantly increased(P<0.01). The number of mitochondria decreased, the volume decreased and a large number of vacuolization, and there were no obvious autophagolysosomes and fission and fusion. After 8 weeks, compared with the Mod group, the number of mitochondria in the gastrocnemius of TP and RSG groups, vacuolization, fission and fusion were improved, and the autophagolysosomes was significantly increased. The expression levels of P53, DRP1 and P62, the level of FBG in the TP group were significantly decreased(P<0.01, P<0.05). The expression levels of OPA1 and PGC-1α, the ratios of LC3II/LC3I and gastnemius muscle relative weights were significantly increased(P<0.05, P<0.01). CONCLUSION: TP can improve the sarcopenia in the aged T2DM model rats, and its mechanism is related to the regulation of mitochondrial quality control.

Nutritional Management and Physical Activity in the Treatment of Sarcopenic Obesity: A Review of the Literature.

BACKGROUND: The prevalence of sarcopenic obesity among adults aged ≥65 years is increasing worldwide. It is a condition that describes the concomitant presence of sarcopenia and obesity, but it appears to be associated with greater increases in the risks for disability, morbidity, and mortality than the two conditions combined. The current review aims to summarize the available literature data on the effectiveness of lifestyle modification for the management of this high-risk geriatric syndrome. METHODS: We conducted a comprehensive search across multiple databases, including PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library, for publications published from January 1950 to June 2024. RESULTS: The detection of early preventive and therapeutic approaches to combat sarcopenic obesity is essential for healthy aging. There is ample evidence that suggests that poor dietary habits and physical inactivity are the main reasons for the development of sarcopenic obesity and should thus be the main targets for intervention. In the absence of effective pharmacological interventions, the best effect on sarcopenic obesity is achieved by combination with proper dietary intervention and regular physical activity according to the individual's health condition. CONCLUSIONS: Further research is needed to discover the most effective strategy for the prevention and treatment of sarcopenic obesity, as well as potential pharmacological options to improve muscle mass and function in older populations with physical restrictions.

The "Sunshine Vitamin" and Its Antioxidant Benefits for Enhancing Muscle Function.

Pathological states marked by oxidative stress and systemic inflammation frequently compromise the functional capacity of muscular cells. This progressive decline in muscle mass and tone can significantly hamper the patient's motor abilities, impeding even the most basic physical tasks. Muscle dysfunction can lead to metabolic disorders and severe muscle wasting, which, in turn, can potentially progress to sarcopenia. The functionality of skeletal muscle is profoundly influenced by factors such as environmental, nutritional, physical, and genetic components. A well-balanced diet, rich in proteins and vitamins, alongside an active lifestyle, plays a crucial role in fortifying tissues and mitigating general weakness and pathological conditions. Vitamin D, exerting antioxidant effects, is essential for skeletal muscle. Epidemiological evidence underscores a global prevalence of vitamin D deficiency, which induces oxidative harm, mitochondrial dysfunction, reduced adenosine triphosphate production, and impaired muscle function. This review explores the intricate molecular mechanisms through which vitamin D modulates oxidative stress and its consequent effects on muscle function. The aim is to evaluate if vitamin D supplementation in conditions involving oxidative stress and inflammation could prevent decline and promote or maintain muscle function effectively.

Blood flow restriction Exercise in the perioperative setting to Prevent loss of muscle mass in patients with pancreatic, biliary tract, and liver cancer: study protocol for the PREV-Ex randomized controlled trial.

BACKGROUND: Patients diagnosed with pancreatic, biliary tract, and liver cancer often suffer from a progressive loss of muscle mass. Given the considerable functional impairments in these patients, high musculoskeletal weight loads may not be well tolerated by all individuals. The use of blood-flow restricted resistance training (BFR-T) which only requires low training loads may allow for a faster recovery of muscle due to avoidance of high levels of mechanical muscle stress associated with high-load resistance exercise. This study aims to investigate whether BFR-T can prevent or slow down the loss of skeletal muscle mass and enhance the functional capacity and mental health of patients with pancreatic, biliary tract, and liver cancer. METHODS: The PREV-Ex exercise trial is a multicenter two-armed randomized controlled trial. Patients will be randomized to an exercise program consisting of home-based low-load BFR-T during a combined pre- and postoperative period for a total of 6-10 weeks (prehabilitation and rehabilitation), or to a control group. Protein supplementation will be given to both groups to ensure adequate protein intake. The primary outcomes, skeletal muscle thickness and muscle cross-sectional area, will be assessed by ultrasound. Secondary outcomes include the following: (i) muscle catabolism-related and inflammatory bio-markers (molecular characteristics will be assessed from a vastus lateralis biopsy and blood samples will be obtained from a sub-sample of patients); (ii) patient-reported outcome measures (self-reported fatigue, health-related quality of life, and nutritional status will be assessed through validated questionnaires); (iii) physical fitness/performance/activity (validated tests will be used to evaluate physical function, cardiorespiratory fitness and maximal isometric muscle strength. Physical activity and sedentary behavior (assessed using an activity monitor); (iv) clinical outcomes: hospitalization rates and blood status will be recorded from the patients' medical records; (v) explorative outcomes of patients' experience of the exercise program which will be evaluated using focus group/individual interviews. DISCUSSION: It is worthwhile to investigate new strategies that have the potential to counteract the deterioration of skeletal muscle mass, muscle function, strength, and physical function, all of which have debilitating consequences for patients with pancreatic, biliary tract, and liver cancer. The expected findings could improve prognosis, help patients stay independent for longer, and possibly reduce treatment-related costs. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT05044065. Registered on September 14, 2021.

Current status of research on sarcopenia in post-treatment cancer survivors in Japan:A narrative review.

Sarcopenia is prevalent among 11-25% of adult cancer survivors, depending on the cancer type, although the available data on post-treatment survivors in Japan are limited. If cancer patients develop cachexia, they may experience sustained weight loss as a result, ultimately leading to sarcopenia. Conversely, some patients experience post-treatment weight gain, resulting in sarcopenic obesity. Both sarcopenia and obesity elevate the risk of cardiovascular diseases and mortality; therefore, the importance of sarcopenia prevention and management is undeniable. The Guidelines for Exercise for Cancer Survivors recommend continued physical activity. Recent studies have reported the effectiveness of multimodal interventions, combining pharmacological, nutritional, and exercise approaches, necessitating multidisciplinary care for post-treatment sarcopenia. Innovative health interventions using mobile devices have also gained attention. However, studies on sarcopenia in post-treatment cancer survivors, especially those regarding exercise interventions, remain scarce in Japan, primarily due to limited insurance coverage for such post-treatment interventions and workforce challenges. It is clear that some cancer survivors have sarcopenia, which can lead to worse survival and secondary illness. While the benefits of exercise are clear, a comprehensive approach to sarcopenia is a further challenge for the future.

A Patented Dietary Supplement (Hydroxy-Methyl-Butyrate, Carnosine, Magnesium, Butyrate, Lactoferrin) Is a Promising Therapeutic Target for Age-Related Sarcopenia through the Regulation of Gut Permeability: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

Adequate diet, physical activity, and dietary supplementation with muscle-targeted food for special medical purposes (FSMP) or dietary supplement (DS) are currently considered fundamental pillars in sarcopenia treatment. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of a DS (containing hydroxy-methyl-butyrate, carnosine, and magnesium, for its action on muscle function and protein synthesis and butyrate and lactoferrin for their contribution to the regulation of gut permeability and antioxidant/anti-inflammation activity) on muscle mass (assessed by dual X-ray absorptiometry (DXA)), muscle function (by handgrip test, chair test, short physical performance battery (SPPB) test, and walking speed test), inflammation (tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-a), C-reactive protein (CRP), and visceral adipose tissue (VAT)) and gut axis (by zonulin). A total of 59 participants (age 79.7 ± 4.8 years, body mass index 20.99 ± 2.12 kg/m2) were enrolled and randomly assigned to intervention (n = 30) or placebo (n = 28). The skeletal muscle index (SMI) significantly improved in the supplemented group compared to the placebo one, +1.02 (CI 95%: -0.77; 1.26), p = 0.001; a significant reduction in VAT was observed in the intervention group, -70.91 g (-13.13; -4.70), p = 0.036. Regarding muscle function, all the tests significantly improved (p = 0.001) in the supplemented group compared to the placebo one. CRP, zonulin, and TNF-alpha significantly decreased (p = 0.001) in intervention, compared to placebo, -0.74 mg/dL (CI 95%: -1.30; -0.18), -0.30 ng/mL (CI 95%: -0.37; -0.23), -6.45 pg/mL (CI 95%: -8.71; -4.18), respectively. This DS improves muscle mass and function, and the gut muscle has emerged as a new intervention target for sarcopenia.

Combination of Parenteral Amino Acid Infusion and Intermittent Loading Exercise Ameliorates Progression of Postoperative Sarcopenia in Rat Model.

Postoperative sarcopenia is associated with poor outcomes in hospitalized patients. However, few studies have focused on short-term postoperative sarcopenia. Furthermore, the influence of nutritional management using amino acids (AAs) comprising a peripheral parenteral nutrition (PPN) solution and its combination with exercise (Exc) is unclear. Hence, we established a postoperative sarcopenic rat model to evaluate the effects of parenteral AA infusion combined with Exc on skeletal muscles and investigate the underlying mechanisms involved in the amelioration of muscle atrophy. Male F344 rats underwent surgery followed by hindlimb suspension (HS) for 5 days. The rats were divided into AA (-), AA (+), AA (-)-Exc, and AA (+)-Exc groups. They were continuously administered a PPN solution with or without AA at 98 kcal/kg/day. The Exc groups were subjected to intermittent loading for 1 h per day. Postoperative sarcopenic rats exhibited decreased muscle strength and mass and an upregulated ubiquitin-proteasome system, autophagy-lysosome system, and fast-twitch fiber-related genes, especially in the AA (-) group. The AA (+)-Exc group exhibited attenuated decreased muscle strength, increased gastrocnemius mass, and a suppressed upregulation of muscle atrophy- and fast-twitch fiber-related genes. Therefore, parenteral AA infusion combined with Exc may be effective in preventing postoperative sarcopenia in hospitalized patients.

Association of Habitual Green Tea Consumption with Sarcopenia Assessed Using SARC-F in Community-Dwelling Japanese Older People: A Cross-Sectional Study.

To ascertain whether habitual green tea consumption is associated with sarcopenia among Japanese older adults, using the screening tool for sarcopenia (SARC-F). This cross-sectional study in Mukawa, Hokkaido, Japan, was conducted between June and September 2022 and included 364 Japanese participants older than 65 y. Habitual green tea consumption and energy intake were ascertained using a validated self-administered food frequency questionnaire. Sarcopenia was evaluated using the SARC-F. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was used to estimate the odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) of sarcopenia risk across participant tertiles of green tea consumption, with adjustments for age, sex, body mass index, living alone, habitual exercise, walking hours, current smoking status, current alcohol consumption status, energy intake, protein intake, vegetable intake, and fruit intake. In this study of 364 participants (154 men and 210 women), the prevalence of sarcopenia risk was 9.3%. The multivariable-adjusted OR [95% CI] of green tea consumption for ≥1 cup/d compared with that of <1 cup/wk of sarcopenia was 0.312 [0.129-0.752]. Higher habitual green tea consumption was inversely associated with sarcopenia among Japanese older adults. Further longitudinal studies are required to confirm these findings.

Household use of solid fuel and sarcopenia among middle-aged and older adults: The China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study.

OBJECTIVE: Few studies have examined the effects of air pollution on the risk of sarcopenia, especially pollution in indoor settings. We explored the cross-sectional and longitudinal associations of household use of solid fuel for cooking and heating, separately and simultaneously, with risk of sarcopenia. METHODS: Cross-sectional and follow-up data from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study were used. Multivariable-adjusted generalized linear models and Cox proportional hazards regression models were performed to estimate the odds ratio and hazard ratio for sarcopenia, respectively. RESULTS: 11,494 (median age: 57.0 years; 47.4 % males) and 7483 (median age: 57.0 years; 46.9 % males) participants were included in the cross-sectional and longitudinal study, respectively. After fully adjusting for covariates, including outdoor concentration of particulate matter (PM2.5), both the use of solid fuels for cooking and use for heating were positively associated with incident sarcopenia in the longitudinal analyses, with hazard ratios (95 % confidence interval) of 1.56 (1.28-1.89) and 1.26 (1.04-1.52), respectively. Moreover, significant multiplicative and/or additive interactions were observed between age, smoking and cooking with solid fuel and risk of sarcopenia (all P for interaction <0.05). Similar results were found in the cross-sectional analyses. CONCLUSIONS: Household use of solid fuel was significantly associated with a higher risk of sarcopenia, while ageing and smoking had synergetic effects with burning solid fuels on the risk of sarcopenia. Our results highlight the importance of taking multi-pronged measures with respect to both air pollution and healthy lifestyle to prevent sarcopenia and promote healthy ageing.

Novel dietary strategies to manage sarcopenia.

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Sarcopenia is a wasting disease, mostly age-related in which muscle strength and mass decline, such as physical performance. With aging, both lower dietary protein intake and anabolic resistance lead to sarcopenia. Moreover, aging and sarcopenia display low-grade inflammation, which also worsen muscle condition. In this review, we focused on these two main targets to study dietary strategies. RECENT FINDINGS: The better understanding in mechanisms involved in sarcopenia helps building combined dietary approaches including physical activity that would slow the disease progression. New approaches include better understanding in the choice of quality proteins, their amount and schedule and the association with antioxidative nutrients. SUMMARY: First, anabolic resistance can be countered by increasing significantly protein intake. If increasing amount remains insufficient, the evenly delivery protein schedule provides interesting results on muscle strength. Quality of protein is also to consider for decreasing risk for sarcopenia, because varying sources of proteins appears relevant with increasing plant-based proteins ratio. Although new techniques have been developed, as plant-based proteins display a lower availability, we need to ensure an adapted overall amount of proteins. Finally, specific enrichment with leucine from whey protein remains the dietary combined approach most studied and studies on citrulline provide interesting results. As cofactor at the edge between anabolic and antioxidative properties, vitamin D supplementation is to recommend. Antioxidative dietary strategies include both fibers, vitamins, micronutrients and polyphenols from various sources for positive effects on physical performance. The ω 3 -polyunsaturated fatty acids also display positive modifications on body composition. Gut microbiota modifiers, such as prebiotics, are promising pathways to improve muscle mass and function and body composition in sarcopenic patients. Nutritional interventions could be enhanced by combination with physical activity on sarcopenia. In healthy older adults, promoting change in lifestyle to get near a Mediterranean diet could be one of the best options. In sarcopenia adults in which lifestyle changes appears unprobable, specific enrichement potentialized with physical activity will help in the struggle against sarcopenia. Longitudinal data are lacking, which makes it hard to draw strong conclusions. However, the effects of a physical activity combined with a set of nutrition interventions on sarcopenia seems promising.

Azilsartan prevents muscle loss and fast- to slow-twitch muscle fiber shift in natural ageing sarcopenic rats.

Sarcopenia is a musculoskeletal disease that reduces muscle mass and strength in older individuals. The study investigates the effects of azilsartan (AZL) on skeletal muscle loss in natural sarcopenic rats. Male Sprague-Dawley rats aged 4-6 months and 18-21 months were selected as young-matched control and natural-aged (sarcopenic) rats, respectively. Rats were allocated into young and old control (YC and OC) and young and old AZL treatment (YT and OT) groups, which received vehicles and AZL (8 mg/kg, orally) for 6 weeks. Rats were then sacrificed after muscle function analysis. Serum and gastrocnemius (GN) muscles were isolated for further endpoints. AZL significantly improved muscle grip strength and antioxidant levels in sarcopenic rats. AZL also restored the levels of insulin, testosterone, and muscle biomarkers such as myostatin and creatinine kinase in sarcopenic rats. Furthermore, AZL treatment improved the cellular and ultrastructure of GN muscle and prevented the shift of type II (glycolytic) myofibers to type I (oxidative) myofibers. The results showed that AZL intervention restored protein synthesis in natural sarcopenic rats by increasing p-Akt-1 and decreasing muscle RING-finger protein-1 and tumor necrosis factor alpha immunoexpressions. In conclusion, the present findings showed that AZL could be an effective intervention in treating age-related muscle impairments.

Effectiveness of long-term tube feeding intervention in preventing skeletal muscle loss after minimally invasive esophagectomy.

PURPOSE: Esophageal cancer is a lethal tumor typically treated by neoadjuvant chemotherapy and surgery. For patients undergoing esophagectomy, postoperative enteral nutrition is important in preventing complications. Sarcopenia is associated with poor postoperative outcomes in esophageal cancer. In this study, we evaluated the benefits of tube feeding intervention and compared its short- and long-term outcomes in patients who underwent esophagectomy. METHODS: Propensity score matching was performed in 303 patients who underwent esophagectomy at Kobe University Hospital between 2010 and 2020. Patients were divided into feeding and nonfeeding jejunostomy tube groups (n = 70 each). The feeding jejunostomy tube group was further divided into long-term (≥ 60 days) and short-term (< 60 days) subgroups. The groups were then retrospectively compared regarding postoperative albumin levels, body weight, and psoas muscle area and volume. RESULTS: In the long-term feeding jejunostomy tube group, anastomotic leakage (p = 0.013) and left laryngeal nerve palsy (p = 0.004) occurred frequently. There were no significant between-group differences in postoperative albumin levels, body weight, or psoas muscle area. However, significant psoas muscle volume recovery was confirmed in the long-term jejunostomy tube group at 6 months postoperatively (p = 0.041). CONCLUSIONS: Tube feeding intervention after minimally invasive esophagectomy may attenuate skeletal muscle mass loss and help prevent sarcopenia.

Intervenciones con ejercicio contra resistencia en la persona adulta mayor diagnosticada con sarcopenia. una revisión sistemática / Resistance training interventions in elderly diagnosed with sarcopenia. a systematic review / Intervenções com exercício contra resistência nas pessoas idosas diagnosticadas com sarcopenia. uma revisão sistemática

Resumen Solano-García, W. y Carazo-Vargas, P. (2018). Intervenciones con ejercicio contra resistencia en las personas adultas mayores diagnosticadas con sarcopenia. Una revisión sistemática. PENSAR EN MOVIMIENTO: Revista de Ciencias del Ejercicio y la Salud, 16(1), 1-19. Propósito: Examinar la evidencia generada de las intervenciones basadas en ejercicio contra resistencia en la persona adulta mayor diagnosticada con sarcopenia. Métodos: Se realizó una búsqueda de literatura mediante la combinación de palabras claves en las siguientes bases de datos: EBSCO Host, Ovid, ProQuest, Public Health Database, Research Library, Science Direct, Springer Link, Cochrane Library, PubMed, SciELO, LILACS y PEDro. Se obtuvo 7819 estudios de los cuales seis cumplen con los criterios de inclusión: artículos de carácter experimental, ejercicio contra resistencia como intervención, texto completo, idioma en inglés/español, personas adultas mayores de 60 años diagnosticadas con sarcopenia. Resultados: La mayoría de los estudios reveló aumentos en porcentajes de cambio en variables asociadas a la sarcopenia, masa muscular (3.29%), fuerza muscular (19.16%) y función muscular (18.12%). Al analizar los detalles de las intervenciones se evidenció mejoras trabajando al menos 12 semanas con una frecuencia de 2-3 días durante 60 minutos por sesión, estimulando los principales grupos musculares a intensidades entre 60-85% (1RM) durante 3 series entre 6-15 repeticiones con descansos de 1-2 minutos entre serie; además, se obtienen beneficios similares al ejercitarse con equipo de resistencia o ejercicios con peso libre. Conclusiones: El ejercicio contra resistencia mejora variables físicas asociadas con la sarcopenia en personas que presentan este síndrome. Al analizar las recomendaciones de prescripción de ejercicio para contrarrestar los efectos de la sarcopenia, basadas en personas que no presentaban sarcopenia y compararlas con las encontradas en el presente estudio, se muestra que son similares.

Abstract Solano-García, W. & Carazo-Vargas, P. (2018). Resistance training interventions in elderly diagnosed with sarcopenia. A systematic review. PENSAR EN MOVIMIENTO: Revista de Ciencias del Ejercicio y la Salud, 16(1), 1-19. Purpose: Examine the evidence generated by resistance exercise-based interventions in elderly diagnosed with sarcopenia. Methods: A literature search was conducted combining keywords in the following databases: EBSCO Host, Ovid, ProQuest, Public Health Database, Research Library, Science Direct, Springer Link, Cochrane Library, PubMed, SciELO, LILACS, and PEDro. A total of 7819 studies were obtained, six of which met the inclusion criteria: experimental articles, resistance exercise as intervention, full text, English-Spanish language, adults over 60 diagnosed with sarcopenia. Results: Most of the studies revealed percentages increased in change in the variables associated with sarcopenia, muscle mass (3.29%), muscle strength (19.16%), and muscle function (18.12%). After analyzing the details of the interventions, improvement was shown when working at least 12 weeks with a frequency of 2 to 3 days with 60-minute sessions, stimulating the major muscle groups at intensities between 60-85% (1RM) for 3 series between 6-15 repetitions with 1-2-minute rest between series. Similar benefits are obtained when exercising with resistance equipment or free weight exercises. Conclusions: Resistance exercise improves physical variables associated with sarcopenia in patients with this syndrome. After analyzing the recommendations of exercise prescription to counteract the effects of sarcopenia based on the people who did not have sarcopenia and compared to those found in the present study, it is shown that results are similar.

Resumo Solano-García, W. & Carazo-Vargas, P. (2018). Intervenções com exercício contra resistência nas pessoas idosas diagnosticadas com sarcopenia. Uma revisão sistemática. PENSAR EN MOVIMIENTO: Revista de Ciencias del Ejercicio y la Salud, 16(1), 1-19. Propósito: Examinar a evidencia gerada das intervenções baseadas em exercício contra resistência na pessoa idosa diagnosticada com sarcopenia. Métodos: Foi realizada uma busca de literatura através da combinação de palavras-chaves nas seguintes bases de dados: EBSCO Host, Ovid, ProQuest, Public Health Database, Research Library, Science Direct, Springer Link, Cochrane Library, PubMed, SciELO, LILACS e PEDro. Foram obtidos 7819 estudos, dos quais seis cumprem com os critérios de inclusão: artigos de caráter experimental, exercício contra resistência como intervenção, texto completo, idioma em inglês/espanhol, pessoas maiores de 60 anos diagnosticadas com sarcopenia. Resultados: A maioria dos estudos revelou aumentos em porcentagens de mudanças nas variáveis associadas à sarcopenia, massa muscular (3.29%), força muscular (19.16%) e função muscular (18.12%). Ao analisar os detalhes das intervenções, ficou evidente as melhoras através de um trabalho de ao menos 12 semanas com uma frequência de 2-3 dias durante 60 minutos por sessão, estimulando os principais grupos musculares a intensidades entre 60-85% (1RM) durante 3 séries entre 6-15 repetições com descansos de 1-2 minutos entre série; além disso, foram obtidos benefícios semelhantes na realização de exercícios com equipamento de resistência ou exercícios com peso livre. Conclusões: O exercício contra resistência melhora variáveis físicas associadas à sarcopenia em pessoas que apresentam esta síndrome. Ao analisar as recomendações de prescrição de exercício para anular os efeitos da sarcopenia, baseadas em pessoas que não apresentavam sarcopenia e compará-las com as encontradas no presente estudo, observa-se que são semelhantes.

Influência da composição corporal sobre a qualidade de vida de pacientes com câncer / The influence of body composition on cancer patients' quality of life / Influencia de la composición corporal sobre la calidad de vida de pacientes con cáncer

Introdução: O câncer tem reflexos na composição corporal, frequentemente causando sarcopenia, o que impacta na capacidade funcional e prognóstico dos doentes, podendo afetar sua qualidade de vida. Objetivo: Avaliar a influência da composição corporal sobre a qualidade de vida de pacientes com câncer de trato gastrointestinal e de pulmão. Método: Estudo transversal com pacientes portadores de câncer gastrointestinal e de pulmão, no serviço de quimioterapia do Hospital Escola da Universidade Federal de Pelotas. A composição corporal foi estimada por meio da bioimpedância elétrica e da qualidade de vida por meio do instrumento European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer ­ Quality of Life Questionnaire Core-30. Resultados: Foram avaliados 74 pacientes, sendo a maioria do sexo masculino (56,8%). Os tumores mais prevalentes foram os de trato gastrointestinal (75,4%). Aproximadamente 24% dos pacientes apresentaram déficit de massa muscular e nenhum apresentou excesso de adiposidade. Na análise da relação entre composição corporal e as diferentes escalas de qualidade de vida, os pacientes com déficit de massa muscular apresentaram escores mais baixos nas escalas de Saúde Geral/QV e funcional, e maiores pontuações na escala de sintomas, demonstrando pior qualidade de vida quando comparados aqueles sem déficit de massa muscular. Conclusão: A composição corporal com déficit de massa magra se associou à pior Qualidade de Vida em pacientes com câncer de trato gastrointestinal e de pulmão.

Introduction: Cancer has effects on body composition, often causing sarcopenia, which impacts on the functional capacity and prognosis of these patients, which may affect their quality of life. Objective: To evaluate the influence of body composition on the quality of life of patients with cancer of the gastrointestinal tract and lungs. Method: A cross-sectional study was carried out in patients with gastrointestinal and lung cancer, in the chemotherapy service of the Hospital School of the Federal University of Pelotas. Body composition was estimated by bioelectrical impedance, performed with instrument BIA and quality of life was assessed using the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire Core-30 Instrument. Results: We evaluated 74 patients, the majority of whom were male (56.8 %). The most prevalent tumors were those in the gastrointestinal tract (75.4 %). Regarding body composition, it was found that 24.3% of the patients showed a deficit in muscle mass and none had excess adiposity. When analyzing the relationship between body composition and differing scales of quality of life, patients with muscle mass deficit had lower scores on the General Health scales / QOL and functional, and higher scores on the symptoms, demonstrating worse quality of life when compared to those without muscle mass deficit. Conclusion: Body composition was related significantly to the QOL of patients with cancer of the gastrointestinal tract and lungs, keeping the association between the deficit of muscle mass and worse QOL of these patients.

Introducción: El cáncer tiene efectos sobre la composición corporal, a menudo causando la sarcopenia, lo que repercute en la capacidad funcional y el pronóstico de estos pacientes, que pueden afectar su calidad de vida. Objetivo: Evaluar la influencia de la composición corporal en la calidad de vida de los pacientes con cáncer del tracto gastrointestinal y los pulmones. Método: Se realizó un estudio transversal en pacientes con cáncer gastrointestinal y pulmón, en el servicio de quimioterapia Hospital Escuela de la Universidad Federal de Pelotas. La composición corporal se calcula por impedancia bioeléctrica y la calidad de vida fue evaluada utilizando el instrumento Organización Europea para la Investigación y el Tratamiento del Cáncer Cuestionario de Calidad de Vida de 30. Resultados: Se evaluaron 74 pacientes, la mayoría del sexo masculino (56,8 %). El tamaño de los tumores eran los más prevalentes entre el tracto gastrointestinal (75,4 %). Se encontró en la composición corporal que el 24,3 % de los pacientes presentaron un déficit en la masa muscular y ninguno presentó exceso de adiposidad. Al analizar la relación entre la composición corporal y las diferentes escalas de calidad de vida, los pacientes con déficit de masa muscular tuvieron puntuaciones más bajas en la salud general de las escalas / CDV y funcional, y puntuaciones más altas en los síntomas, lo que demuestra peor calidad de vida en comparación con los que no tienen déficit de masa muscular. Conclusión: La composición corporal con déficit de masa muscular se relaciona significativamente con la peor Calidad de Vida en los pacientes con cáncer del tracto gastrointestinal y de pulmones.

Consumo alimentar e metabolismo mineral e ósseo em mulheres idosas com sarcopenia / Dietary intake and bonemineral metabolism in elderly women with sarcopenia

Introdução: a redução da massa muscular esquelética relacionada à idade, denominada sarcopenia, está associada com maior incidência de quedas, fraturas e dependência funcional em idosos. Muitos são os fatores que podem contribuir para o surgimento da sarcopenia, dentre eles a deficiência de vitamina D e a inadequação do consumo alimentar, principalmente a ingestão de proteína. Objetivos: investigar a relação da sarcopenia com o consumo alimentar e concentração sérica de 25(OH)D. Métodos: foram avaliadas 200 mulheres acima de 65 anos, sendo 35 com sarcopenia e 165 sem sarcopenia. Avaliou-se a densidade mineral óssea (DMO) da coluna lombar, fêmur proximal e a composição corporal ( massa muscular total, massa muscular esquelética, massa adiposa, conteúdo mineral ósseo do corpo total) por meio do densitômetro de dupla emissão com fonte de raios-X (DXA), avaliação radiográfica das colunas dorsal e lombar (T4 a L4). Foi realizada também avaliação da ingestão alimentar ( diário de três dias), bioquímica do metabolismo mineral e ósseo (cálcio total, fósforo, creatinina, albumina, paratormônio intacto, calcidiol) e a história clínica das pacientes. Resultados: o presente estudo observou que as pacientes que apresentavam um consumo de proteína acima de 1,2g/kg/dia apresentaram massa muscular total [33,94 (4,72) VS 31,87 (3,52) kg, p=0,020], massa muscular esquelética [14,54 (2,38) vs 13,38 (1,95)kg, p=0,013], CMO do corpo total [1,945 (0,325) VS 1784 (0,265)g, p=0,005], DMO de corpo total [1,039 (0,109) vs 0,988 (0,090) g/cm²,p=0,011], DMO coluna lombar [0,983 (0,192) vs 0,903 (0,131)g/cm², p=0,014], DMO colo de fêmur [0,813 (0,117) vs 0,760 (0,944)g/cm², p=0,017] e DMO fêmur total [0,868 (0,135) vs 0,807 (0,116)g/cm², p=0,026] significativamente maior quando comparado com pacientes que apresentavam consumo de proteína abaixo de 0,8g/kg/dia. Além disso, a ingestão de aminoácidos essenciais, principalmente os de cadeina ramificada como a valina [3,10 (0,89) vs 3,40 (1,0...