Nonsurgical maxillary orthopedic protraction treatment for an adult patient with hyperdivergent facial morphology, Class III malocclusion, and bilateral crossbite.

Optimal treatment for an adult patient with hyperdivergent facial morphology, Class III malocclusion, bilateral posterior crossbite, and skeletal disharmony usually requires comprehensive orthodontics combined with extractions, orthognathic surgery, or both. However, treatment becomes more challenging when the patient rejects surgery because of fear or cost. This case report presents the orthodontic treatment of a 24-year-old woman with a Class III malocclusion and bilateral posterior crossbite without surgery using orthopedic and comprehensive orthodontic approaches. The extraoral evaluation showed a hyperdivervent pattern, paranasal deficiency, a slightly protrusive lower lip, and an obtuse labiomental angle with a chin deviated to the left. Intraorally, she exhibited a severe Angle Class III malocclusion bilaterally with edge-to-edge to -1 mm overjet, canting of the occlusal plane up to the left with mandibular midline 5.3 mm to the left of the maxillary and facial midlines, and bilateral posterior crossbite with 5.7 mm of arch width discrepancy. Therefore, the patient was diagnosed with skeletal and dental Class III relationship, hyperdivergent pattern, a deviation of the mandible to the left, bilateral posterior crossbite, mild to moderate maxillary and mandibular crowding, slightly proclined maxillary incisors and upright mandibular incisors. After 15 months of treatment, all treatment objectives were achieved, and the appliances were removed. Teeth were well leveled and aligned, ideal overbite and overjet were established with premolars and canines in a Class I relationship, bilateral posterior crossbite was corrected, vertical dimension was controlled, and the smile was improved with a slight improvement in the profile; however, bilaterally, the molar occlusion was not completely settled and remained in a Class III relationship. This case report demonstrates the successful nonsurgical treatment of an adult with Class III malocclusion, hyperdivergent facial morphology, and bilateral posterior crossbite using a midfacial skeletal expander and facemask for orthopedic correction. With reduced costs and fewer risks than surgical treatment options, this treatment protocol offers an alternative to adult patients.

Treatment of Class II malocclusion with a customized lingual appliance combined with a Class II corrector.

Correcting a complete Class II malocclusion in an adult patient can be quite difficult. If the patient has a large skeletal discrepancy, orthognathic surgery is the treatment of choice. However, if the discrepancy is small or if the situation is borderline and the mandibular incisors are retroclined, Class II correctors can be used. This clinical report presents the orthodontic treatment of a 24-year-old woman with Class II malocclusion. Clinically, her maxilla was slightly protruded, and the mandible was well-positioned. She had uprighted maxillary and mandibular anterior teeth and a deepbite, and she opted for a more esthetically appealing orthodontic appliance. The treatment plan included leveling and alignment of the teeth in both arches, Class II correction, establishing Class I molar and canine relationships, correction of overbite and overjet, adjustment of midlines, and improvement of facial and dental esthetics. Orthodontic treatment consisted of customized lingual appliances combined with a Class II fixed corrector.

Multi-disciplinary orthodontic camouflage treatment of a severe skeletal class III malocclusion with 1 year follow-up - A case report.

Rationale: Orthodontic camouflage serves its purpose in treating mild to moderate skeletal dysplasia and in conditions where the patient is reluctant to opt for orthognathic surgery or when it is contraindicated. Patient Concerns: A 22-year-old male was concerned about his irregular teeth. Diagnosis: Angle's dentoalveolar class III malocclusion on class III skeletal on an average mandibular plane angle with anterior crossbite, deep bite, crowding in maxillary and mandibular anteriors, proclined maxillary anteriors and retroclined mandibular anteriors with reverse overjet and congenitally missing 12, 22, palatally impacted 13 and retained deciduous 63 and palatally placed 23. Treatment: Orthodontic camouflage with a multi-disciplinary approach. Outcome: Optimal functional and dentofacial aesthetics were achieved by 22 months. Take-Away Lesson: The limitations of camouflage must be kept in mind and explained to the patient. The biomechanics need to be customized and integrating different specialties helps maximize the treatment benefits.

Treatment of Dental Class-II, Division 2 Malocclusion Associated with a Deep Anterior Overbite: A Case Report Orthodontic Camouflage.

AIM: This study sought to correct the assessment of orthodontic camouflage treatment to provide a harmonized soft-tissue profile, consistent occlusion, and a pleasant smile. BACKGROUND: Class-II, division 2 malocclusions can be treated through dental compensation and growth modification methods instead of surgical-orthodontic treatment, which can be determined by the growth and age of the patient. CASE DESCRIPTION: This case report was of a 14-year-old Chinese female whose chief complaint was crowding of anterior teeth and required treatment for the same. On necessary clinical and radiographical examination, diagnosis of convex facial profile with class-II, division 2 malocclusion was arrived and hence treated with orthodontic camouflage. On treatment completion of 33 months, cephalometric assessment revealed that the anterior maxillary teeth had been successfully intruded and substantially distalized, with a slight counterclockwise rotation of the mandible. The treatment results and profile changes were demonstrated with good patient cooperation. CONCLUSION: Using a utility arch with orthodontic camouflage treatment can help to reinforce molar anchoring and improve a deep bite in the maxillary dentitions. The patient was treated with the devised treatment plan and acceptable results were obtained with patient satisfaction as recorded after 1 year of follow-up. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: To correct a maxillomandibular discrepancy, an orthodontist may conduct a process known as camouflage therapy without necessity of surgery. However, patient selection forms a crucial role, and hence systematic arrival of the diagnosis and treatment protocol is a pivotal factor.

Microtornillos como método de control vertical en desprogramación muscular / Vertical control with miniscrews in muscular deprogramming treatment

Una de las consecuencias de la desprogramación neuromuscular es la rotación mandibular en sentido horario, evidenciando el punto prematuro de contacto y aumentando la dimensión vertical del paciente. En pacientes clase II con componente vertical, es un problema realizar este tipo de tratamiento, ya que por lo general este efecto de posterorrotación mandibular hace el perfil más convexo, y en algunos casos genera mordida abierta anterior, la cual se debe corregir posteriormente con el tratamiento de ortodoncia, cirugía o prótesis, lo que alarga el tiempo total de tratamiento por la necesidad de control vertical. El presente caso se trata de una mujer de 45 años de edad, dolicofacial, con tendencia a mordida abierta, mordida dual, sobremordida vertical y horizontal disminuidas, motivo de consulta dolor articular, el cual no le permite continuar con sus labores diarias, el tratamiento realizado fue desprogramación neuromuscular con un guarda oclusal inferior con el propósito de aliviar sintomatología articular y control vertical con microtornillos palatinos previo a tratamiento ortodóncico (AU)

One of the effects of the neuromuscular deprogramming treatment is the mandibular clockwise rotation, making the light premature occlusal contact more evident and increasing the patient vertical dimension. In Class II patients with vertical component is difficult to treat them due to profile worsening as an effect of the clockwise rotation creating in some patient's anterior open bite, this has to be corrected later in treatment with orthodontic intrusion, surgery or prosthodontic treatment, increasing the total time of treatment with the vertical control necessity. This case report is a 45 years old patient, dolichofacial, with anterior open bite tendency, dual bite, decreased overjet and overbite, her chief complaint was temporomandibular joint dysfunction which dont allow her to do her daily duties, the treatment for her was neuromuscular deprogramming splint for the temporomandibular joint pain, and vertical control with temporary anchorage devices (miniscrews) before the orthodontic treatment (AU)

Efectividad de la Expansión Maxilar en la Corrección de Apiñamiento en Dentición Mixta. Revisión Sistemática / Effectiveness of the Maxillary Expansion in the Correction of Crowding and Mixed Dentition. Systematic Review

RESUMEN: El apiñamiento en edades tempranas, se refleja cuando el tamaño dental no coincide con la longitud de arco. De este modo, resulta importante determinar si la expansión del maxilar podría solucionar por sí solo el problema de apiñamiento en el sector anterior, teniendo en cuenta que este tratamiento es uno de los más antiguos y que comúnmente se ha enfocado en la resolución de alteraciones transversales en dientes posteriores empleándose a edades tempranas. El objetivo fue determinar si la expansión maxilar es efectiva o no, en la corrección del apiñamiento en dentición mixta mediante el análisis de la evidencia disponible. Se realizó una revisión sistemática en español e inglés, para establecer la máxima evidencia posible, con las indicaciones de la guía PRISMA. Dos artículos cumplieron con la calidad de la revisión. En el primero se estableció que el apiñamiento mejoro despues del tratamiento de expansion maxilar, con una recidiva menor en la dentición permanente. En el segundo, se encontró que el apiñamiento en los incisivos permanentes superiores fue corregido cuando se retiró el aparato expansor. Se concluyó que la evidencia actual no tiene la suficiente calidad metodológica para llevar a una toma de decisión. Se recomienda hacer ensayos clínicos aleatorizados en este tema.

ABSTRACT: Crowding at early ages is reflected when tooth size does not coincide with arch length. Thus, it is important to determine whether maxillary expansion alone could solve the problem of crowding in the anterior sector, bearing in mind that this treatment is one of the oldest and has commonly focused on solving transverse alterations in posterior teeth used at an early age. The objective was to determine whether or not maxillary expansion is effective in correcting crowding in the mixed dentition by analysing the available evidence. A systematic review was carried out in Spanish and English, to establish the maximum possible evidence, with the indications of the PRISMA guide. Two articles met the quality of the review. The first established that crowding improved after the treatment of maxillary expansion, with a minor recurrence in the permanent dentition. In the second, it was found that crowding in the upper permanent incisors was corrected when the expanding appliance was removed. The current evidence is not of sufficient methodological quality to lead to a decision. Randomized clinical trials are recommended in this area.

Orthodontic-Orthognathic Management of a patient with skeletal class II with bimaxillary protrusion, complicated by vertical maxillary excess: A multi-faceted case report of difficult treatment management issues.

This case reports the unsuccessful first treatment and the subsequent retreatment of a 35-year old Asian female with a skeletal class II with bimaxillary protrusion, complicated by a deep bite and vertical maxillary excess. This case report highlights the multiple facets of a challenging treatment plan and discusses the ramifications of treatment when treatment does not go as planned. The initial treatment plan consisted of a surgical approach with a maxillary Le Fort I surgery to correct the malocclusion as per the patient's requests without mandibular surgery due to the inherent risk of paraesthesia. The second treatment plan consisted of a bimaxillary surgery with genioplasty. The surgical treatment utilized virtual surgical planning (VSP). The orthodontic treatment was concluded with a corrected overjet and overbite achieving optimum function and balancing the facial profile aesthetically. This case report highlights the need for clear communication of the treatment plan and also the unpredictability of certain treatment outcomes especially when the literature does not provide for definitive conclusions. In addition, it sheds light on the challenge of unpredictable response of soft tissue after surgical treatment and the importance of patient expectations of outcomes. It is hoped that the paper provides a platform for future discussions of difficult malocclusions.

Multidisciplinary treatment with a customized lingual appliance for an adult patient with severe Class III malocclusion and multiple missing teeth.

A 24-year-old man presented with a severe skeletal class III malocclusion, associated with an anterior and posterior crossbite in the left side, upper and lower lip eversion, skeletal asymmetry, midline discrepancy, diastemas in the maxillary and mandibular dental arches, and agenesis of maxillary lateral incisors and canines with retained deciduous teeth. Treatment was performed with the use of the Win Lingual System. When the 0.016 × 0.022-inch NiTi archiwire was applied, the deciduous teeth were extracted and replaced with temporary crowns connected to the appliance. After the aligning, leveling, and diastema closure phases, a modified Le Fort II osteotomy, a mandibular setback with a bilateral sagittal split osteotomy and a genioplasty were performed. Implants were placed in the canine site through a flapless guided surgery, and cantilevered temporary bridges were delivered. Final prosthetic rehabilitation included veneers for the central incisors and zirconia-ceramic cantilevered bridges for the canine and lateral incisors. After 36 months of active treatment, the patient showed an Angle Class I molar and canine relationship and an ideal overbite and overjet. His profile had improved, lips were competent, and gingival levels were acceptable. The lateral radiograph and cephalometric analysis showed a good balance of the skeletal pattern, a good profile of the soft tissue, and proper inclinations of the maxillary and mandibular incisors in relation to maxilla and mandible. After 2 years of follow-up, the patient had a pleasant smile and no relapse, or joint or muscular pain.

An unusual case of invasive cervical resorption after piezosurgery-assisted en masse retraction.

A 16-year-old patient sought orthodontic correction for profile improvement and labially inclined maxillary incisors. She had Class II malocclusion, protrusive maxillary and mandibular incisors, and increased overjet and overbite with an American Board of Orthodontics discrepancy index value of 25. She was treated with maxillary premolar extractions and miniscrew-supported en masse retraction assisted with piezoincisions. Extraction spaces (7.5 mm per side) were closed with maximum anchorage in 10 months. Total treatment time was 23 months. Twenty-seven months after debonding, a pink spot was noted at the buccocervial region of the left central incisor. Radiographic evaluation on cone-beam computed tomographic scans revealed a severe case of invasive cervical resorption on both central incisors, around which the piezosurgical cuts had been made. Treatment proceeded with a nonintervention approach and the affected teeth were reinforced with a lingual retainer.

The effect of disc repositioning and post-operative functional splint for the treatment of anterior disc displacement in juvenile patients with Class II malocclusion.

PURPOSE: To evaluate the effect of temporomandibular joint (TMJ) disc repositioning and post-operative functional splint for the treatment of anterior disc displacement (ADD) in juvenile patients with Class II malocclusion. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Juvenile patients (≤20 years) who had bilateral TMJ ADD with and Class II malocclusion treated by disc repositioning and functional splints were included in the study. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and cephalometric radiographs before surgery (T0), immediately after surgery (T1) and more than 3 months after surgery (T3) were obtained in all patients. Cephalometric values including condylar height, overjet, SNA, SNB and pogonion position etc. were measured and compared before and after disc repositioning by statistical analysis. Fourteen patients (13 female, 1 male) were included in this study. Their average age was 16.7 years (range, 12-20 years). RESULTS: Seven patients with 14 joints had an MRI at least 6 months (6-24 months, mean 14.3) prior to disc repositioning. When compared to the MRI taken just prior to surgery, of those 14 joints, 9 condyles (64.3%) had evidence of bone resorption, 5 condyles (35.7%) had new bone formation mostly at the posterior part of the condyle (21.4%). These MRIs showed the condylar height was reduced 0.81 mm ± 0.61 (P = 0.013). Pre-operative cephalometric radiographs showed increased overjet (P = 0.039). The mean post-operative follow-up was 9.4 months (range, 4-13 months). Postoperative MRI showed the condylar height increased 1.74 ± 0.98 mm after disc repositioning (P < 0.001). Newly generated bone was observed on all condyles. 84.6% of the new bone was formed on the superior and posterior-anterior surfaces. Postoperative cephalometric radiographs showed the SNB angle increased 1.83 ± 1.56°(P < 0.001), pogonion position (pg'-G') moved anteriorly 2.18 ± 3.13 mm (P = 0.028) and incisor overjet decreased 3.55 ± 1.86 mm (P < 0.001), whereas significant changes were not found in SNA, Sn - G Vert, Y-Axis, U1 SN, IMPA (L1-MP) and U1-L1 (P > 0.05). CONCLUSION: Conservative treatment for ADD with Class II malocclusion in juvenile patients may cause condyle resorption and aggravate the dentofacial deformity. Disc repositioning combined with post-operative functional splints can effectively promote condylar growth and help correct the dentofacial deformity.

Treatment of class 2 malocclusion by corrective osteotomy using two short locking compression plates.

OBJECTIVE: To describe a symphyseal osteotomy stabilised with two short locking compression plates (LCPs) for treatment of class 2 malocclusions. STUDY DESIGN: Case series. METHODS: Five horses (age range 8 months to 5¾ years) with overjets and/or overbites ranging from 6 to 32 mm and from 0 to 60 mm, respectively, were treated by osteotomy through the caudal third of the mandibular symphysis, cranial to the interdental space. After cranial distraction and ventral rotation of the rostral part of the mandible, two short (5/6 hole), bent 3.5 mm LCPs were applied ventro-laterally and secured with two or three locking screws on each side of the osteotomy. In one case, the osteotomy gap was filled with bone marrow. RESULTS: Final outcome was good to excellent. Two cases needed a second corrective surgery, one because of non-occlusion of the cheek teeth and another because of abaxial deviation of the rostral portion of the mandible. In three cases with a persistent fistula, LCPs were removed after bridging; drainage resolved and wounds healed. The time to bridging of the osteotomy gap ranged from 2 to 6.5 months. The procedure is technically challenging. It is important that the incisors are well aligned, which proved to be difficult when there was an abnormal maxillary incisor arcade. Incisors should not make contact when LCPs are fixed. The cheek teeth, however, should have good occlusion after positioning and fixation of the LCPs. Endodontic treatment of open incisor pulp cavities may be helpful. MAIN LIMITATIONS: The study population was small and relatively heterogeneous in severity. A larger population with more severe cases might have allowed for a more definitive assessment of the value of the technique for clinical practice. CONCLUSIONS: This technique can be used to achieve a good correction for class 2 malocclusions. The approach provides adequate stability with smaller implants than other published techniques that require transection of both rami. The technique is less invasive and preserves the roots of the incisors and cheek teeth, as well as the mandibular canal.

Tratamiento de Clase II con Ortodoncia Sistema Damon y gomas intermaxilares en etapas tempranas de tratamiento / Treatment of Class II with Orthodontics Damon System and elastics in early stages of treatment

La técnica ortodóncica de baja fricción utiliza brackets pasivos de autoligado con una serie de arcos superelásticos que mantienen las fuerzas aplicadas sobre las piezas dentarias a nivel de la "biozona o zona fuerza óptima". La utilización de gomas intermaxilares ligeras (2 onzas o 56,68 g) en estos tratamientos, desde etapas iniciales, sobre todo en pacientes en crecimiento, permite obtener resultados muy favorables en cuanto a la resolución de la maloclusión de Clase II. Objetivo: evaluar el tratamiento de Ortodoncia de un paciente Clase II esqueletal con sobremordida, sin realizar exodoncias de premolares y utilizando elásticos intermaxilares en fases iniciales de tratamiento. Materiales y método: se presenta el caso clínico de un paciente de sexo masculino de 11 años, de Clase II esqueletal con sobremordida y apiñamiento dentario anterior superior e inferior moderado, con su diagnóstico y evaluación completos pre y post tratamiento y control y seguimiento al año. El tratamiento se realiza con brackets autoligantes (técnica de Damon). Resultados: se obtiene la corrección completa de la Clase II y la sobremordida, alcanzando los objetivos deseados de estética facial y función, en oclusión y desoclusiones, con buen desarrollo de las basales y conservación de la altura de las corticales alveolares a nivel de los caninos. Conclusión: Mediante los recursos terapéuticos disponibles en la actualidad y evaluando al niño en etapas tempranas, podremos combinar diferentes tratamientos para alcanzar los objetivos propuestos en menor tiempo y con óptimos resultados en una maloclusión de Clase II con sobremordida con biotipo mesofacial (AU)

The low friction orthodontic technique uses passive self-ligating brackets with a series of superelastic arches that maintain the forces applied to the dental pieces at the "Biozone or Optimal Force Zone". The use of inter maxillary light elastics (2 ounces or 56.68 yr.) from the initial stages in growing patients, yields very favorable results in terms of correction of Class II malocclusion. Objective: To assess the orthodontic treatment of a skeletal Class II patient with overbite, without extraction of premolars and using elastic in the early stages of treatment. Materials and methods: an 11 year old male skeletal Class II patient with overbite and moderate crowding in upper and lower anterior teeth, with complete diagnostic and evaluation before and after treatment and with annual control. For the treatment, self-ligating brackets (Damon technique) were employed. The results: Total correction of Class II condition and overbite was obtained. The desired goals of facial aesthetics and correct function were attained in occlusion and desocclusion, as well as development of the osseous basis and conservation of the canine alveolar cortical height. Conclusion: Through the employment of therapeutic resources available at present and following up the child through his developmental stages, it is possible to combine different treatments to achieve the proposed objectives in a shorter time with excellent results in mesofacial type patients with Class II malocclusion and deep overbite (AU)

Class II Division 2 subdivision left malocclusion associated with anterior deep overbite in an adult patient with temporomandibular disorder

ABSTRACT The orthodontic treatment of patients with chief complaint of temporomandibular disorders (TMD) presents doubtful prognosis, due to the poor correlation between malocclusions and TMDs. The present case report describes the treatment of an adult patient with Angle Class II Division 2 subdivision left malocclusion associated with anterior deep overbite and TMD. This case was presented to the Brazilian Board of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics (BBO), as part of the requirements to obtain the title of BBO Diplomate.

RESUMO O tratamento ortodôntico de pacientes com queixa principal de disfunção nas articulações temporomandibulares (DTM) apresenta prognóstico duvidoso, devido à baixa correlação entre as más oclusões e as DTMs. O presente relato de caso descreve o tratamento de um paciente adulto com má oclusão de Classe II, divisão 2, subdivisão esquerda, de Angle e sobremordida profunda, associadas à DTM. Esse caso foi apresentado à Diretoria do Board Brasileiro de Ortodontia e Ortopedia Facial (BBO), como parte dos requisitos para a obtenção do título de Diplomado pelo BBO.

Cambio de posición del cóndilo dentro de la cavidad glenoidea en pacientes clase ii esqueletal con mordida profunda / Change of position of condyle within glenoidal cavity in patientsclass II skeletal with deep bite

Objetivo: El propósito de esta investigación es determinar el cambio de posición del cóndilo dentro de la cavidad glenoidea en pacientes clase II Esqueletal con mordida profunda después de la utilización de un plano de mordida anterior fijo acrílico y metálico. Materiales y Métodos: Se tomará una muestra del 20% de un universo de 100 pacientes de Clínica de la Escuela de Postgrado de la Facultad de Odontología de la Universidad de Guayaquil para demostrar los cambios que se producen en la articulación temporomandibular como consecuencia de la nueva posición adoptada por el cóndilo debido a la nueva postura mandibular por el uso del plano de mordida. Estos pacientes serán evaluados a través de radiografías cefalométricas que serán tomadas en el transcurso del uso de los planos de mordida anterior hasta el momento que se ha conseguido el contacto del segmento posterior de las piezas dentarias donde se tomará en consideración el cambio de posición del cóndilo y de esta manera determinar la estabilidad que se desea conseguir en el tratamiento. Resultados: Todos los pacientes que utilizaron plano de mordida anterior metálico obtuvieron en el 100% el cambio de posición del cóndilo mandibular, llegando a la norma de 32+-2; mientras que el 69,23% de los pacientes que utilizaron el plano de mordida anterior acrílico tuvieron un cambio positivo y el 30,77% fue negativo. Conclusiones: Por lo tanto se concluye que con el plano de mordida anterior metálico se obtiene mayor exactitud en el cambio de posición del cóndilo mandibular.

The purpose of this investigation is to determine the change of position of the condyle within the glenoid cavity in class II patients with deep bite after the use of a fixed anterior Acrylic and Metallic bite plane, which will be done with a sample of the 20% of a universe of 100 patients from Clinic of the Postgraduate School of the Faculty of Dentistry of the University of Guayaquil to demonstrate the changes that occur in the temporomandibular joint resulting from the new position adopted by the condyle due to the new mandibular posture by the use of the bite plane. These patients will be evaluated through cephalometric radiographs that will be taken in the course of the use of the anterior bite planes until the contact of the posterior segment of the dental pieces has been achieved where the change of position of the condyle will be taken into account And thus determine the stability to be achieved in the treatment. The results that presented the patients in the change of position of the mandibular condyle that they used plane of previous bite Metallic was positive in 100% of them, arriving at the norm of 32 + -2; While 69.23% of patients who used the anterior acrylic bite plane had a positive change and 30.77% were negative; Therefore it is concluded that with the Metallic anterior bite plane, greater accuracy is obtained in the position change of the mandibular condyle.

Agenesis of mandibular second premolar in patient with dental bimaxillary protrusion

ABSTRACT The present study reports the treatment carried out in a patient with mandibular second premolar agenesis associated with early loss of a deciduous second molar, deep overbite, severe overjet and dentoalveolar bimaxillary protrusion, which led to lip incompetence and a convex facial profile. The main objectives of this treatment were: to eliminate the spaces in mandibular arch, correct overbite, as well as eliminate bimaxillary protrusion and lip incompetence, thus leading to a balanced profile. The case was presented to the Brazilian Board of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics (BBO) as part of the requirements to obtain the title of BBO diplomate.

RESUMO O presente caso clínico relata o tratamento de uma paciente com agenesia de segundo pré-molar inferior associada à perda precoce do segundo molar decíduo, sobremordida profunda, sobressaliência exagerada e biprotrusão dentoalveolar, que causavam incompetência labial e perfil facial convexo. Os objetivos do tratamento foram eliminar os espaços presentes na arcada inferior, corrigir a sobremordida, eliminar a biprotrusão e a incompetência labial, harmonizando o perfil. Esse caso foi apresentado ao Board Brasileiro de Ortodontia e Ortopedia Facial (BBO) como parte dos requisitos para obtenção do título de Diplomado pelo BBO.

Early vertical correction of the deep curve of Spee

ABSTRACT Even though few technological advancements have occurred in Orthodontics recently, the search for more efficient treatments continues. This paper analyses how to accelerate and improve one of the most arduous phases of orthodontic treatment, i.e., correction of the curve of Spee. The leveling of a deep curve of Spee can happen simultaneously with the alignment phase through a method called Early Vertical Correction (EVC). This technique uses two cantilevers affixed to the initial flexible archwire. This paper describes the force system produced by EVC and how to control its side effects. The EVC can reduce treatment time in malocclusions with deep curves of Spee, by combining two phases of the therapy, which clinicians ordinarily pursue sequentially.

RESUMO Apesar de haver poucos desenvolvimentos tecnológicos nos últimos anos dentro da Ortodontia, a busca por tratamentos mais eficientes não cessou. Assim, o presente artigo visa analisar, de maneira lógica, como otimizar uma das fases do tratamento ortodôntico que mais demandam tempo: a correção da sobremordida exagerada. Pretende-se demonstrar como realizá-la concomitantemente ao alinhamento inicial, por meio de uma técnica denominada correção vertical precoce (CVP). Essa técnica utiliza dois cantilevers associados ao primeiro fio de alinhamento ortodôntico, mas não restritos a ele, a fim de iniciar a planificação da curva de Spee o mais cedo possível. Assim, o tempo de tratamento pode ser diminuído, já que duas fases do tratamento, normalmente realizadas de forma independente, podem ser realizadas ao mesmo tempo. Além disso, tanto o sistema de forças quanto os efeitos colaterais e os passos da execução da técnica serão devidamente apresentados e discutidos.

Long-term surgical-orthodontic management of hemimandibular hyperplasia.

BACKGROUND: Hemimandibular hyperplasia (HH), also known as hemimandibular hypertrophy, is characterised by excessive unilateral three-dimensional growth of the mandible after birth. Vertical unilateral elongation of the mandible becomes clinically evident as a rare form of vertical facial asymmetry. Aberrant growth of the facial skeleton affects the developing dentition and the dental compensatory mechanism is usually unable to maintain optimal occlusal relationships. The resulting malocclusion is effectively managed by combined surgical-orthodontic care to address the facial, skeletal and dental problems that confront clinicians. Orthodontists are advised to assess patients with HH during the post-treatment retention stage for continuing mandibular growth and assess the stability of treatment outcomes with long-term follow-up and records as required. AIM: To present a case of hemimandibular hyperplasia treated successfully by combined surgical-orthodontic care and evaluated for stability over a seven-year follow-up period. METHODS: Surgical-orthodontic management was accomplished in four stages: 1) pre-surgical orthodontic; 21 surgical; 3) post-surgical orthodontic; and 4) post-treatment orthodontic retention. Complete orthodontic records, including extra- and intra-oral photographs, study models, and cephalograms plus panoramic radiographs were taken at the pretreatment, post-treatment, and seven-year orthodontic retention time-points. RESULTS: Facial, skeletal and dental goals were achieved in the three planes of space and the long-term stability of the treatment results was shown during a post-treatment orthodontic retention period of seven years. CONCLUSION: Hemimandibular hyperplasia is a true growth anomaly which may be managed effectively. Clinicians may expect successful long-term correction and stability by utilising a comprehensive surgical-orthodontic treatment approach.

Diagnosis and conservative treatment of skeletal Class III malocclusion with anterior crossbite and asymmetric maxillary crowding.

A man, aged 28 years 9 months, came for an orthodontic consultation for a skeletal Class III malocclusion (ANB angle, -3°) with a modest asymmetric Class II and Class III molar relationship, complicated by an anterior crossbite, a deepbite, and 12 mm of asymmetric maxillary crowding. Despite the severity of the malocclusion (Discrepancy Index, 37), the patient desired noninvasive camouflage treatment. The 3-Ring diagnosis showed that treatment without extractions or orthognathic surgery was a viable approach. Arch length analysis indicated that differential interproximal enamel reduction could resolve the crowding and midline discrepancy, but a miniscrew in the infrazygomatic crest was needed to retract the right buccal segment. The patient accepted the complex, staged treatment plan with the understanding that it would require about 3.5 years. Fixed appliance treatment with passive self-ligating brackets, early light short elastics, bite turbos, interproximal enamel reduction, and infrazygomatic crest retraction opened the vertical dimension of the occlusion, improved the ANB angle by 2°, and achieved excellent alignment, as evidenced by a Cast Radiograph Evaluation score of 28 and a Pink and White dental esthetic score of 3.

Botulinum toxin as a therapeutic agent to prevent relapse in deep bite patients.

INTRODUCTION: The etiology of deep bite is multifactorial. One of the causes is increased muscular activity. This makes the treatment of deep bite malocclusions difficult and often results in relapse in many cases. In this work we compared patients with surgical orthognathic treatment only and surgical orthognathic treatment with additional injections of botulinum toxin after mandibular advancement for class II division 2 malocclusion. MATERIAL AND METHODS: This is a prospective study. Adult patients were assessed pretreatment (T1), posttreatment (T2), and long-term after 1 year (T3). In total, 32 patients (mean age, 30.7 years; 23 women and 9 men) reached the study end point (T3); 24 patients were treated without botulinum toxin and 8 patients received preoperative injections of botulinum toxin. RESULTS: Significant differences between both groups were observed, with a more stable result for the experimental group treated with botulinum toxin. DISCUSSION: In a selective group of adult patients with a class II division II incisor relationship and with a class II skeletal base, botulinum toxin injections can effectively prevent relapse. This may present an alternative to a conventional myotomy.