RESUMO
Oxidative degradation and rearrangement of polycyclic polyprenylated acylphloroglucinols (PPAPs) has created diverse families of unique natural products that are attractive targets for biomimetic synthesis. Herein, we report a racemic synthesis of hyperibrin A and its oxidative radical cyclization to give yezo'otogirin C, followed by epoxidation and House-Meinwald rearrangement to give hypermogin D. We also investigated the biomimetic synthesis of norascyronone A via a similar radical cyclization pathway, with unexpected results that give insight into its biosynthesis.
Assuntos
Produtos Biológicos , Materiais Biomiméticos , Floroglucinol , Terpenos , Produtos Biológicos/síntese química , Produtos Biológicos/química , Materiais Biomiméticos/síntese química , Materiais Biomiméticos/química , Estrutura Molecular , Floroglucinol/síntese química , Floroglucinol/química , Terpenos/síntese química , Terpenos/químicaRESUMO
In a search of small molecules active against apoptosis-resistant cancer cells, including glioma, melanoma, and non-small cell lung cancer, we previously prepared α,ß- and γ,δ-unsaturated ester analogues of polygodial and ophiobolin A, compounds capable of pyrrolylation of primary amines and demonstrating double-digit micromolar antiproliferative potencies in cancer cells. In the current work, we synthesized dimeric and trimeric variants of such compounds in an effort to discover compounds that could crosslink biological primary amine containing targets. We showed that such compounds retain the pyrrolylation ability and possess enhanced single-digit micromolar potencies toward apoptosis-resistant cancer cells. Target identification studies of these interesting compounds are underway.
Assuntos
Antineoplásicos/síntese química , Sesquiterpenos/química , Sesterterpenos/química , Terpenos/síntese química , Células A549 , Animais , Antineoplásicos/química , Antineoplásicos/farmacologia , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Proliferação de Células/efeitos dos fármacos , Sobrevivência Celular/efeitos dos fármacos , Ensaios de Seleção de Medicamentos Antitumorais , Humanos , Células MCF-7 , Camundongos , Estrutura Molecular , Relação Estrutura-Atividade , Terpenos/química , Terpenos/farmacologiaRESUMO
Lung cancer is one of the most common cancers and the leading cause of death in humans worldwide. Non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) accounts for approximately 85% of lung cancer cases and is often diagnosed at a late stage. Among patients with NSCLC, 50% die within 1 year after diagnosis. Even with clinical intervention, the 5-year survival rate is only approximately 20%. Therefore, the development of an advanced therapeutic strategy or novel agent is urgently required for treating NSCLC. Berberine exerts therapeutic activity toward NSCLC; therefore, its activity as an antitumor agent needs to be explored further. In this study, three terpenylated-bromide derivatives of berberrubine were synthesized and their anti-NSCLC activities were evaluated. Each derivative had higher anti-NSCLCs activity than berberrubine and berberine. Among them, 9-O-gernylberberrubine bromide (B4) and 9-O-farnesylberberrubine bromide (B5) showed greater growth inhibition, cell-cycle regulation, in vitro tumorigenesis suppression, and tumor migration reduction. In addition, some degree of apoptosis and autophagic flux blocking was noted in the cells under B4 and B5 treatments. Our study demonstrates that the berberrubine derivatives, B4 and B5, exhibit impressive anti-NSCLC activities and have potential for use as chemotherapeutic agents against NSCLC.
Assuntos
Berberina/análogos & derivados , Carcinoma Pulmonar de Células não Pequenas/tratamento farmacológico , Movimento Celular/efeitos dos fármacos , Proliferação de Células/efeitos dos fármacos , Células A549 , Antineoplásicos/farmacologia , Apoptose/efeitos dos fármacos , Berberina/síntese química , Berberina/química , Berberina/farmacologia , Brometos/química , Carcinogênese/efeitos dos fármacos , Carcinoma Pulmonar de Células não Pequenas/patologia , Humanos , Terpenos/síntese química , Terpenos/farmacologiaRESUMO
Manoalide was studied as a potential anti-inflammatory agent for the last forty years and more than 200 publications and 180 patents were reported on this compound. However, the configurations at positions 24 and 25 and configuration-dependent bioactivity were not yet studied. In the current report, ten manoalide-like sesterterpenoids were isolated from Luffariella sp. (1-10). These stereoisomers were identified and separated for the first time since 1980 and their configurations at positions 24 and 25 were determined by analyzing their spectroscopic spectra. The configuration-dependent anti-proliferative activity of manoalide derivatives was examined by evaluating their effect on four leukemic cancer cell lines (Molt 4, K562, Sup-T1, and U937). The 24R,25S-isomers exhibited the most potent activity (IC50 0.50-7.67 µM). The anti-proliferative mechanism of action of 24R,25S-manoalide (7) was further studied on Molt 4 cells. Compound 7 exhibited apoptotic activity on Molt 4 cells through the disruption of mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) and the generation of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS). It also inhibited the activity of human topoisomerase I and II. The apoptotic-inducing effect of 7 was further supported by the in vivo experiment by suppressing the volume of xenograft tumor growth (66.11%) compared with the control.
Assuntos
Antineoplásicos/farmacologia , Sesterterpenos/farmacologia , Terpenos/farmacologia , Antineoplásicos/síntese química , Antineoplásicos/química , Apoptose , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Proliferação de Células/efeitos dos fármacos , Relação Dose-Resposta a Droga , Ensaios de Seleção de Medicamentos Antitumorais , Humanos , Estrutura Molecular , Sesterterpenos/síntese química , Sesterterpenos/química , Estereoisomerismo , Relação Estrutura-Atividade , Terpenos/síntese química , Terpenos/químicaRESUMO
Mycetoma is a devastating neglected tropical infection of the subcutaneous tissue and most commonly caused by the fungus Madurella mycetomatis. Treatment of mycetoma consists of a combination of a long term antifungal treatment with itraconazole and surgery. However, treatment is associated with low success rates. Therefore, there is a need to identify novel treatments for mycetoma. CIN-102 is a synthetic partial copy of cinnamon oils with activity against many pathogenic bacteria and fungi. In this study we determined the in vitro activity of CIN-102 against 21 M. mycetomatis isolates and its in vivo efficacy in a M. mycetomatis infected Galleria mellonella larval model. In vitro, CIN-102 was active against M. mycetomatis with MICs ranging from 32 µg/mL to 512 µg/mL. 128 µg/mL was needed to inhibit the growth in 50% of tested isolates. In vivo, concentrations below the MIC of 40 mg/kg and 80 mg/kg CIN-102 prolonged larval survival, but higher concentrations of CIN-102 did not.
Assuntos
Antifúngicos/farmacologia , Benzoatos/farmacologia , Cinamatos/farmacologia , Cinnamomum zeylanicum/química , Madurella/efeitos dos fármacos , Micetoma/microbiologia , Terpenos/farmacologia , Animais , Benzoatos/síntese química , Cinamatos/síntese química , Combinação de Medicamentos , Sinergismo Farmacológico , Humanos , Larva/efeitos dos fármacos , Larva/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Madurella/genética , Madurella/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Testes de Sensibilidade Microbiana , Mariposas/microbiologia , Micetoma/tratamento farmacológico , Terpenos/síntese químicaRESUMO
Terpenoids with lactone moieties have been indicated to possess high bioactivity. Certain terpenoid lactones exist in nature, in plants and animals, but they can also be obtained by chemical synthesis. Terpenoids possessing lactone moieties are known for their cytotoxic, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, anticancer, and antimalarial activities. Moreover, one terpenoid lactone, artemisinin, is used as a drug against malaria. Because of these abilities, there is constant interest in new terpenoid lactones that are both isolated and synthesized, and their biological activities have been verified. In some cases, the activity of the terpenoid lactone is specifically connected to the lactone moiety. Recent works have revealed that new terpenoid lactones can demonstrate such functions and are thus considered to be potential active agents against many diseases.
Assuntos
Artemisininas/química , Lactonas/química , Sesquiterpenos/química , Terpenos/química , Anti-Inflamatórios/síntese química , Anti-Inflamatórios/química , Anti-Inflamatórios/uso terapêutico , Antimaláricos/síntese química , Antimaláricos/química , Antimaláricos/uso terapêutico , Antineoplásicos/síntese química , Antineoplásicos/química , Antineoplásicos/uso terapêutico , Artemisininas/síntese química , Artemisininas/uso terapêutico , Humanos , Lactonas/síntese química , Lactonas/uso terapêutico , Extratos Vegetais/química , Extratos Vegetais/uso terapêutico , Sesquiterpenos/síntese química , Sesquiterpenos/uso terapêutico , Terpenos/síntese química , Terpenos/uso terapêuticoRESUMO
From the venerable Robinson annulation to the irreplaceable Diels-Alder cycloaddition, annulation reactions have fueled the progression of the field of natural product synthesis throughout the past century. In broader terms, the ability to form a cyclic molecule directly from two or more simpler fragments has transformed virtually every aspect of the chemical sciences from the synthesis of organic materials to bioconjugation chemistry and drug discovery. In this Account, we describe the evolution of our meroterpene synthetic program over the past five years, enabled largely by the development of a tailored anionic annulation process for the synthesis of hydroxylated 1,3-cyclohexanediones from lithium enolates and the reactive ß-lactone-containing feedstock chemical diketene.First, we provide details on short total syntheses of the prototypical polycyclic polyprenylated acylphloroglucinol (PPAP) natural products hyperforin and garsubellin A, which possess complex bicyclo[3.3.1]nonane architectures. Notably, these molecules have served as compelling synthetic targets for several decades and induce a number of biological effects of relevance to neuroscience and medicine. By merging our diketene annulation process with a hypervalent iodine-mediated oxidative ring expansion, bicyclo[3.3.1]nonane architectures can be easily prepared from simple 5,6-fused bicyclic diketones in only two chemical operations. Leveraging these two key chemical reactions in combination with various other stereoselective transformations allowed for these biologically active targets to be prepared in racemic form in only 10 steps.Next, we extend this strategy to the synthesis of complex fungal-derived meroterpenes generated biosynthetically from the coupling of 3,5-dimethylorsellinic acid (DMOA) and farnesyl pyrophosphate. A Ti(III)-mediated radical cyclization of a terminal epoxide was used to rapidly prepare a 6,6,5-fused tricyclic ketone which served as an input for our annulation/rearrangement process, ultimately enabling a total synthesis of protoaustinoid A, an important biosynthetic intermediate in DMOA-derived meroterpene synthesis, and its oxidation product berkeleyone A. Through a radical-based, abiotic rearrangement process, the bicyclo[3.3.1]nonane cores of these natural products could again be isomerized, resulting in the 6,5-fused ring systems of the andrastin family and ultimately delivering a total synthesis of andrastin D and preterrenoid. Notably, these isomerization transformations proved challenging when employing classic, acid-induced conditions for carbocation generation, thus highlighting the power of radical biomimicry in total synthesis. Finally, further oxidation and rearrangement allowed for access to terrenoid and the lactone-containing metabolite terretonin L.Overall, the merger of annulative diketene methodology with an oxidative rearrangement transformation has proven to be a broadly applicable strategy to synthesize bicyclo[3.3.1]nonane-containing natural products, a class of small molecules with over 1000 known members.
Assuntos
Produtos Biológicos/síntese química , Terpenos/síntese química , Produtos Biológicos/química , Compostos Bicíclicos com Pontes/química , Ciclização , Reação de Cicloadição , Conformação Molecular , Oxirredução , Floroglucinol/análogos & derivados , Floroglucinol/síntese química , Floroglucinol/química , Resorcinóis/síntese química , Resorcinóis/química , Estereoisomerismo , Terpenos/químicaRESUMO
Topoisomerases are reported to resolve the topological problems of DNA during several cellular processes, such as DNA replication, transcription, recombination, and chromatin remodeling. Two types of topoisomerases (Topo I and II) accomplish their designated tasks by introducing single- or double-strand breaks within the duplex DNA molecules, and thus maintain the proper structural conditions of DNA to release the topological torsions, which is generated by unwinding of DNA to access coded information, in the course of replication, transcription, and other processes. Both the topoisomerases have been looked at as crucial targets against various types of cancers such as lung, melanoma, breast, and prostate cancers. Conceptually, targeting topoisomerases will disrupt both DNA replication and transcription, thereby leading to inhibition of cell division and consequently stopping the growth of actively dividing cancerous cells. Since the discovery of camptothecin (an alkaloid) as an inhibitor of Topo I in 1958, a number of derivatives of camptothecin were developed as potent inhibitors of Topo I. Two such derivatives of camptothecin, namely, topotecan and irinotecan, have been commonly used as US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved drugs against Topo I. Similarly, the first Topo II inhibitor, namely, etoposide, an analogue of podophyllotoxin, was developed in 1966 and got FDA approval as an anti-cancer drug in 1983. Subsequently, several other inhibitors of Topo II, such as doxorubicin, mitoxantrone, and teniposide, were developed. These drugs have been reported to cause accumulation of cytotoxic non-reversible DNA double-strand breaks (cleavable complex). Thus, the present review describes the anticancer potential of plant-derived secondary metabolites belonging to alkaloids, flavonoids and terpenoids directed against topoisomerases. Furthermore, in view of the recent advances made in the field of computer-aided drug design, the present review also discusses the use of computational approaches such as ADMET, molecular docking, molecular dynamics simulation and QSAR to assess and predict the safety, efficacy, potency and identification of these potent anti-cancerous therapeutic molecules.
Assuntos
Antineoplásicos Fitogênicos/uso terapêutico , DNA Topoisomerases Tipo II/química , DNA Topoisomerases Tipo I/química , DNA de Neoplasias/genética , Desenho de Fármacos , Neoplasias/tratamento farmacológico , Inibidores da Topoisomerase/uso terapêutico , Alcaloides/síntese química , Alcaloides/isolamento & purificação , Alcaloides/uso terapêutico , Antineoplásicos Fitogênicos/síntese química , Antineoplásicos Fitogênicos/isolamento & purificação , Produtos Biológicos/química , DNA Topoisomerases Tipo I/genética , DNA Topoisomerases Tipo I/metabolismo , DNA Topoisomerases Tipo II/genética , DNA Topoisomerases Tipo II/metabolismo , DNA de Neoplasias/química , DNA de Neoplasias/metabolismo , Flavonoides/síntese química , Flavonoides/isolamento & purificação , Flavonoides/uso terapêutico , Regulação Neoplásica da Expressão Gênica , Humanos , Simulação de Acoplamento Molecular , Simulação de Dinâmica Molecular , Neoplasias/enzimologia , Neoplasias/genética , Neoplasias/patologia , Conformação de Ácido Nucleico , Relação Quantitativa Estrutura-Atividade , Terpenos/síntese química , Terpenos/isolamento & purificação , Terpenos/uso terapêutico , Inibidores da Topoisomerase/síntese química , Inibidores da Topoisomerase/isolamento & purificaçãoRESUMO
A convenient and improved method for the synthesis of beta acids or lupulones, which are known to possess e. g. anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidative and antimicrobial activity, has been developed successfully. Further derivatization of these complex structures to the corresponding dihydrochromen-7-ones, including the natural product machuone, was realized to simplify their analysis and to confirm their molecular structure. In addition to practical and safe laboratory procedures, the advantages associated with this new approach involve the use of water as a solvent and the direct crystallization of lupunones from acetonitrile, rendering our strategy more efficient and benign as compared to available methods.
Assuntos
Cromonas/síntese química , Floroglucinol/química , Terpenos/síntese química , Catálise , Humulus/química , Estrutura Molecular , Oxirredução , Extratos Vegetais/química , Prenilação , Solventes/químicaRESUMO
From structure elucidation and biogenesis to synthetic methodology and total synthesis, terpene natural products have profoundly influenced the development of organic chemistry. Moreover, their myriad functional attributes range from fragrance to pharmaceuticals and have had great societal impact. Ruzicka's formulation of the "biogenetic isoprene rule," a Nobel Prize winning discovery now over 80 years old, allowed for identification of higher order terpene (aka "isoprenoid") structures from simple five-carbon isoprene fragments. Notably, the isoprene rule still holds pedagogical value to students of organic chemistry today. Our laboratory has completed syntheses of over two dozen terpene and meroterpene structures to date, and the isoprene rule has served as a key pattern recognition tool for our synthetic planning purposes. At the strategic level, great opportunity exists in finding unique and synthetically simplifying ways to connect the formal C5 isoprene fragments embedded in terpenes. Biomimetic cationic polyene cyclizations represent the earliest incarnation of this idea, which has facilitated expedient routes to certain terpene polycycle classes. Nonetheless, a large swath of terpene chemical space remains inaccessible using this approach.In this Account, we describe strategic insight into our endeavors in terpene synthesis published over the last five years. We show how biosynthetic understanding, combined with a desire to utilize abundant and inexpensive [C5]n building blocks, has led to efficient, abiotic syntheses of multiple complex terpenes with disparate ring systems. Informed by nature, but unconstrained by its processes, our synthetic assembly exploits chemical reactivity across diverse reaction types-including radical, anionic, pericyclic, and metal-mediated transformations.First, we detail an eight-step synthesis of the cembrane diterpene chatancin from dihydrofarnesal using a bioinspired-but not -mimetic-cycloaddition. Next, we describe the assembly of the antimalarial cardamom peroxide using a polyoxygenation cascade to fuse multiple units of molecular oxygen onto a dimeric skeleton. This three-to-four-step synthesis arises from (-)-myrtenal, an inexpensive pinene oxidation product. We then show how a radical cyclization cascade can forge the hallmark cyclooctane ring system of the complex sesterterpene 6-epi-ophiobolin N from two simple polyprenyl precursors, (-)-linalool and farnesol. To access the related, more complex metabolite 6-epi-ophiobolin A, we exploited the plasticity of our synthetic route and found that use of geraniol (C10) rather than farnesol (C15) gave us the flexibility needed to address the additional oxidation found in this congener. Following this work, we describe two strategies to access several guaianolide sesquiterpenes. Retrosynthetic disconnection to monoterpenes, carvone or (-)-linalool, coupled with a powerful allylation strategy allowed us to address guaianolides with disparate stereochemical motifs. Finally, we examine a semisynthetic approach to the illicium sesquiterpenes from the abundant 15-carbon feedstock terpene (+)-cedrol using an abiotic ring shift and multiple C-H oxidation reactions inspired by a postulated biosynthesis of this natural product class.
Assuntos
Técnicas de Química Sintética/métodos , Neopreno/química , Terpenos/química , Terpenos/síntese químicaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Natural meroterpenes derived from phloroglucinols and ß-caryophyllene have shown high inhibitory activity against α-glucosidase or cancer cells, however, the chemical diversity of this type of skeletons in Nature is limited. METHODS: To expand the chemical space and explore their inhibitory activities against α-glucosidase (EC 3.2.1.20), we employed ß-caryophyllene and some natural moieties (4-hydroxycoumarins, lawsone or syncarpic acid) to synthesize new types of meroterpene-like skeletons. All the products (including side products) were isolated and characterized by NMR, HR-MS, and ECD. RESULTS: In total, 17 products (representing seven scaffolds) were generated through a one-pot procedure. Most products (12 compounds) showed more potential activity (IC50 < 25 µM) than the positive controls (acarbose and genistein, IC50 58.19, and 54.74 µM, respectively). Compound 7 exhibited the most potent inhibition of α-glucosidase (IC50 3.56 µM) in a mixed-type manner. The CD analysis indicated that compound 7 could bind to α-glucosidase and influence the enzyme's secondary structure. CONCLUSIONS: Compound 7 could serve as a new type of template compound to develop α-glucosidase inhibitors. Full investigation of a biomimic reaction can be used as a concise strategy to explore diverse natural-like skeletons and search for novel lead compounds.
Assuntos
Materiais Biomiméticos/química , Inibidores de Glicosídeo Hidrolases/farmacologia , Sesquiterpenos Policíclicos/farmacologia , Terpenos/farmacologia , Cinética , Espectroscopia de Ressonância Magnética , Terpenos/síntese química , Terpenos/químicaRESUMO
The bicyclo[3.3.1]nonane architecture is a privileged structural motif found in over 1000 natural products with relevance to neurodegenerative disease, bacterial and parasitic infection, and cancer among others. Despite disparate biosynthetic machinery, alkaloid, terpene, and polyketide-producing organisms have all evolved pathways to incorporate this carbocyclic ring system. Natural products of mixed polyketide/terpenoid origins (meroterpenes) are a particularly rich and important source of biologically active bicyclo[3.3.1]nonane-containing molecules. Herein we detail a fully synthetic strategy toward this broad family of targets based on an abiotic annulation/rearrangement strategy resulting in a 10-step total synthesis of garsubellin A, an enhancer of choline acetyltransferase and member of the large family of polycyclic polyprenylated acylphloroglucinols. This work solidifies a strategy for making multiple, diverse meroterpene chemotypes in a programmable assembly process involving a minimal number of chemical transformations.
Assuntos
Vias Biossintéticas , Monoterpenos/metabolismo , Monoterpenos/síntese química , Monoterpenos/química , Oxirredução , Estereoisomerismo , Terpenos/síntese química , Terpenos/químicaRESUMO
Overexpression of protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B) induces insulin resistance in various basic and clinical research. In our previous work, a synthetic oleanolic acid (OA) derivative C10a with PTP1B inhibitory activity has been reported. However, C10a has some pharmacological defects and cytotoxicity. Herein, a structure-based drug design approach was used based on the structure of C10a to elaborate the smaller tricyclic core. A series of tricyclic derivatives were synthesised and the compounds 15, 28 and 34 exhibited the most PTP1B enzymatic inhibitory potency. In the insulin-resistant human hepatoma HepG2 cells, compound 25 with the moderate PTP1B inhibition and preferable pharmaceutical properties can significantly increase insulin-stimulated glucose uptake and showed the insulin resistance ameliorating effect. Moreover, 25 showed the improved in vivo antihyperglycaemic potential in the nicotinamide-streptozotocin-induced T2D. Our study demonstrated that these tricyclic derivatives with improved molecular architectures and antihyperglycaemic activity could be developed in the treatment of T2D.
Assuntos
Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/tratamento farmacológico , Desenho de Fármacos , Inibidores Enzimáticos/farmacologia , Hipoglicemiantes/farmacologia , Proteína Tirosina Fosfatase não Receptora Tipo 1/antagonistas & inibidores , Terpenos/farmacologia , Animais , Glicemia/efeitos dos fármacos , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/metabolismo , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Relação Dose-Resposta a Droga , Inibidores Enzimáticos/síntese química , Inibidores Enzimáticos/química , Células Hep G2 , Humanos , Hipoglicemiantes/síntese química , Hipoglicemiantes/química , Resistência à Insulina , Masculino , Camundongos , Camundongos Endogâmicos , Estrutura Molecular , Proteína Tirosina Fosfatase não Receptora Tipo 1/metabolismo , Relação Estrutura-Atividade , Terpenos/síntese química , Terpenos/químicaRESUMO
In this work, 35 new derivatives of betulonic, dihydrobetulonic and ursonic acid were prepared including 30 aminothiazoles and all of them were tested for their in vitro cytotoxic activity in eight cancer cell lines and two non-cancer fibroblasts. Compounds with the IC50 below 5⯵M in CCRF-CEM cells and low toxicity in non-cancer fibroblasts (4m, 5c, 5m, 6c, 6m, 7b, and 7c) were further subjected to tests of pharmacological parameters yielding the final set for advanced biological evaluation (4m, 5m, 6m, and 7b). It was proved by several methods, that all of them trigger apoptosis via the intrinsic pathway and derivatives 5m and 7b are the most effective (IC50 2.4⯵M and 3.6⯵M). They are the best candidates to become potentially new anticancer drugs and will be subjected to in vivo tests in mice. In addition, compounds 6b and 6c deserve more attention because their activity is not limited only to chemosensitive CCRF-CEM cell line. Specifically, compound 6b is highly active against K562 leukemic cell line (0.7⯵M) and its IC50 activity in colon cancer HCT116â¯cell line is 1.0⯵M. Compound 6c is active in both normal K562 and resistant K562-TAX cell lines (IC50 3.4⯵M and 5.4⯵M) and both colon cancer cell lines (HCT116 and HCT116p53-/-, IC50 3.5⯵M and 3.4⯵M).
Assuntos
Antineoplásicos/farmacologia , Ácido Oleanólico/análogos & derivados , Terpenos/farmacologia , Tiazóis/farmacologia , Triterpenos/farmacologia , Antineoplásicos/síntese química , Antineoplásicos/química , Apoptose/efeitos dos fármacos , Proliferação de Células/efeitos dos fármacos , Células Cultivadas , Relação Dose-Resposta a Droga , Ensaios de Seleção de Medicamentos Antitumorais , Fibroblastos/efeitos dos fármacos , Humanos , Potencial da Membrana Mitocondrial/efeitos dos fármacos , Microssomos/química , Microssomos/metabolismo , Estrutura Molecular , Ácido Oleanólico/química , Ácido Oleanólico/farmacologia , Relação Estrutura-Atividade , Terpenos/síntese química , Terpenos/química , Tiazóis/síntese química , Tiazóis/química , Triterpenos/químicaRESUMO
Several marine natural linear prenylquinones/hydroquinones have been identified as anticancer and antimutagenic agents. Structure-activity relationship studies on natural compounds and their synthetic analogs demonstrated that these effects depend on the length of the prenyl side chain and on the type and position of the substituent groups in the quinone moiety. Aiming to broaden the knowledge of the underlying mechanism of the antiproliferative effect of these prenylated compounds, herein we report the synthesis of two quinones 4 and 5 and of their corresponding dioxothiazine fused quinones 6 and 7 inspired to the marine natural product aplidinone A (1), a geranylquinone featuring the 1,1-dioxo-1,4-thiazine ring isolated from the ascidian Aplidium conicum. The potential effects on viability and proliferation in three different human cancer cell lines, breast adenocarcinoma (MCF-7), pancreas adenocarcinoma (Bx-PC3) and bone osteosarcoma (MG-63), were investigated. The methoxylated geranylquinone 5 exerted the highest antiproliferative effect exhibiting a comparable toxicity in all three cell lines analyzed. Interestingly, a deeper investigation has highlighted a cytostatic effect of quinone 5 referable to a G0/G1 cell-cycle arrest in BxPC-3 cells after 24 h treatment.
Assuntos
Antineoplásicos/farmacologia , Produtos Biológicos/farmacologia , Terpenos/farmacologia , Adenocarcinoma/tratamento farmacológico , Antineoplásicos/síntese química , Antineoplásicos/química , Produtos Biológicos/síntese química , Produtos Biológicos/química , Neoplasias Ósseas/tratamento farmacológico , Neoplasias da Mama/tratamento farmacológico , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Proliferação de Células/efeitos dos fármacos , Sobrevivência Celular/efeitos dos fármacos , Feminino , Humanos , Células MCF-7 , Osteossarcoma/tratamento farmacológico , Neoplasias Pancreáticas/tratamento farmacológico , Relação Estrutura-Atividade , Terpenos/síntese química , Terpenos/químicaRESUMO
Veronica is the largest genus in the flowering plant family Plantaginaceae and comprises approximately 500 species. The genus was formerly placed in the Scrophulariaceae family, some species of which have been used in traditional medicine for the treatment of influenza, respiratory diseases, hemoptysis, laryngopharyngitis, cough, hernia, cancer, edema, and wounds. This review comprehensively summarizes the current information on the traditional uses, phytochemistry, and pharmacology of the genus Veronica on the basis of articles published from 1970 to 2018. More than 260 compounds have been isolated, and chemotaxonomic investigations of Veronica have revealed that iridoid glucosides - including aucubin, catalpol, and 6-O-catalpol derivatives - are characteristic of this genus. Modern pharmacological studies and clinical practice have demonstrated that extracts or monomeric compounds from Veronica have several pharmacological actions, such as anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidative, anticancer, antibacterial, anti-angiogenic, antineurodegenerative, neuroprotective, and hepatoprotective effects both in vivo and in vitro.
Assuntos
Glucosídeos Iridoides/isolamento & purificação , Glucosídeos Iridoides/farmacologia , Extratos Vegetais/química , Extratos Vegetais/farmacologia , Veronica/química , Inibidores da Angiogênese , Animais , Antibacterianos , Anti-Inflamatórios , Antineoplásicos Fitogênicos , Antioxidantes , Flavonoides/química , Flavonoides/isolamento & purificação , Flavonoides/farmacologia , Humanos , Glucosídeos Iridoides/química , Medicina Tradicional , Conformação Molecular , Fármacos Neuroprotetores , Fitoterapia , Terpenos/síntese química , Terpenos/isolamento & purificação , Terpenos/farmacologiaRESUMO
Natural product and natural product-like molecules continue to be important for the development of pharmaceutical agents, as molecules in this class play a vital role in the pipeline for new therapeutics. Among these, tetracyclic terpenoids are privileged, with >100 being FDA-approved drugs. Despite this significant pharmaceutical success, there remain considerable limitations to broad medicinal exploitation of the class due to lingering scientific challenges associated with compound availability. Here, we report a concise asymmetric route to forging natural and unnatural (enantiomeric) C19 and C20 tetracyclic terpenoid skeletons suitable to drive medicinal exploration. While efforts have been focused on establishing the chemical science, early investigations reveal that the emerging chemical technology can deliver compositions of matter that are potent and selective agonists of the estrogen receptor beta, and that are selectively cytotoxic in two different glioblastoma cell lines (U251 and U87).
Assuntos
Neoplasias Encefálicas , Receptor beta de Estrogênio/agonistas , Glioblastoma , Terpenos/síntese química , Apoptose/efeitos dos fármacos , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Sobrevivência Celular/efeitos dos fármacos , Desenvolvimento de Medicamentos , Humanos , Células-Tronco Neurais/efeitos dos fármacos , Estereoisomerismo , Terpenos/farmacologiaRESUMO
In the present study, we developed a green epoxidation approach for the synthesis of the diastereomers of (-)-isopulegol benzyl ether epoxide using molecular oxygen as the oxidant and a hybrid manganese(III)-porphyrin magnetic reusable nanocomposite as the catalyst. High activity, selectivity, and stability were obtained, with up to four recycling cycles without the loss of activity and selectivity for epoxide. The anticancer effect of the newly synthesized isopulegol epoxide diastereomers was evaluated on a human osteosarcoma cell line (MG-63); both diastereomers showed similar in vitro potency. The measured IC50 values were significantly lower than those reported for other monoterpene analogues, rendering these epoxide isomers as promising anti-tumor agents against low prognosis osteosarcoma.
Assuntos
Antineoplásicos/farmacologia , Biomimética , Fenômenos Magnéticos , Metaloporfirinas/química , Nanocompostos/química , Osteossarcoma/patologia , Antineoplásicos/síntese química , Antineoplásicos/química , Varredura Diferencial de Calorimetria , Catálise , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Monoterpenos Cicloexânicos , Compostos de Epóxi/síntese química , Compostos de Epóxi/química , Humanos , Manganês/química , Nanocompostos/ultraestrutura , Espectrofotometria Ultravioleta , Espectroscopia de Infravermelho com Transformada de Fourier , Estereoisomerismo , Terpenos/síntese química , Terpenos/química , Terpenos/farmacologia , TermogravimetriaRESUMO
A library of isopulegol-based ß-amino acid derivatives has been developed from commercially-available (-)-isopulegol. Michael addition of primary and secondary amines towards α,ß-unsaturated γ-lactones was accomplished resulting in ß-aminolactones in highly-stereoselective reactions. Ring-opening of ß-aminolactones with different amines furnished excellent yields of ß-aminoamides. Moreover, the applicability of aminolactones in peptide synthesis was examined by opening the lactone ring with α- and ß-aminoesters, providing dipeptides as promising chiral substrates for the synthesis of foldamers. The antiproliferative activities of ß-aminolactones and ß-aminoamides were explored, and the structure-activity relationships were studied from the aspects of the stereochemistry of the monoterpene ring and the substituent effects on the ß-aminoamide ring system. The N-unsubstituted (-)-isopulegol-based ß-aminoamides exhibited considerable antiproliferative activity against a panel of human adherent cancer cell lines (HeLa, MCF7 and MDA-MB-231).
Assuntos
Lactonas/química , Neoplasias/tratamento farmacológico , Terpenos/química , Amidas/química , Proliferação de Células/efeitos dos fármacos , Monoterpenos Cicloexânicos , Células HeLa , Humanos , Lactonas/síntese química , Lactonas/farmacologia , Peptídeos/síntese química , Peptídeos/química , Estereoisomerismo , Relação Estrutura-Atividade , Terpenos/síntese química , Terpenos/farmacologiaRESUMO
Naturally occurring terpenes were combined by click reactions to generate sixteen hybrid molecules. The diterpene imbricatolic acid (IA) containing an azide group was used as starting compound for the synthesis of all the derivatives. The alkyne group in the terpenes cyperenoic acid, dehydroabietinol, carnosic acid γ-lactone, ferruginol, oleanolic acid and aleuritolic acid was obtained by esterification using appropriate alcohols or acids. The hybrid compounds were prepared by combining the IA azide function with the different terpene-alkynes under click chemistry conditions. The cytotoxic activity of the terpene hybrids 1â»16 was assessed against Vero cells and tumour cell lines (HEP-2, C6 and Raw 264.7). Compounds 1, 2, 3 and 7 showed cytotoxic activity against the tested cell lines. The antiviral activity of the compounds was evaluated against HSV-1 KOS, Field and B2006 strain. For the pairs of hybrid compounds formed between IA-diterpene (compounds 3â»8, except for compound 7), a moderate activity was observed against the three HSV-1 strains with an interesting selectivity index (SI ≥10, SI = CC50/CE50) for some compounds.