Metabolic profiling reveals reprogramming of lipid metabolic pathways in treatment of polycystic ovary syndrome with 3-iodothyronamine.

Complex diseases such as polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) are associated with intricate pathophysiological, hormonal, and metabolic feedbacks that make their early diagnosis challenging, thus increasing the prevalence risks for obesity, cardiovascular, and fatty liver diseases. To explore the crosstalk between endocrine and lipid metabolic pathways, we administered 3-iodothyronamine (T1AM), a natural analog of thyroid hormone, in a mouse model of PCOS and analyzed plasma and tissue extracts using multidisciplinary omics and biochemical approaches. T1AM administration induces a profound tissue-specific antilipogenic effect in liver and muscle by lowering gene expression of key regulators of lipid metabolism, PTP1B and PLIN2, significantly increasing metabolites (glucogenic, amino acids, carnitine, and citrate) levels, while enhancing protection against oxidative stress. In contrast, T1AM has an opposing effect on the regulation of estrogenic pathways in the ovary by upregulating STAR, CYP11A1, and CYP17A1. Biochemical measurements provide further evidence of significant reduction in liver cholesterol and triglycerides in post-T1AM treatment. Our results shed light onto tissue-specific metabolic vs. hormonal pathway interactions, thus illuminating the intricacies within the pathophysiology of PCOS This study opens up new avenues to design drugs for targeted therapeutics to improve quality of life in complex metabolic diseases.

Sustained torpidity following multi-dose administration of 3-iodothyronamine in mice.

Despite significant medical benefits as in space exploration or emergency care, prolonged torpidity of non-hibernator mammals remains unexplored to date. Here, we report that male Institute of Cancer Research mice could sustain two separate 2-day torpor bouts and maintain body temperature of 28-33°C following repeated treatments of 3-iodothyronamine (T(1) AM), a natural derivative of thyroid hormone. A 1-day interbout arousal period, adopted to mimic the behavior of true hibernators, seemed critical for the subjects to restore physiological homeostasis. Molecular studies of neuron-specific enolase, S100 calcium binding protein B and heat shock protein 72 suggested that the brain maintains functional and cytoprotective activities during sustained torpidity. Together, the results of this study propose a practical protocol using a torpor-arousal cycle that can be applied to the extreme medical situations.

The effect of thyroxine, 3, 5-dimethyl-3'isopropyl-L-thyronine and iodized oil on fetal brain development in the iodine-deficient sheep.

Studies have been carried out to investigate the role of maternal and fetal thyroid function in the effects of iodine deficiency on fetal brain development in sheep. Iodine deficiency was established with an especially prepared low-iodine diet of maize and pea pollard. The iodine-deficient sheep were mated and the end of the second trimester of pregnancy (100 days gestation) were divided into groups which received either a sc injection of T4 or 3,5-dimethyl-3-isopropyl-L-thyromine or an injection of iodized oil. AT 140 days gestation (10 days prior to parturition) comparison of the fetuses delivered by hysterotomy revealed that the retarded fetal brain development observed in iodine deficiency was greatly improved by T4 and by iodized oil. However, T4 and iodized oil failed to correct the reduction in the number and the increase in the length of synaptic appositions which were observed in the fetal cerebral cortex after iodine deficiency. In addition, the histological appearance of the fetal thyroid gland and the levels of plasma thyroid hormones were restored to normal. The administration of 3,5-dimethyl-3'-isopropyl-L-thyronine had no effect on the retarded fetal brain and body development of the iodine-deficient fetuses. The lack of response may be due to the ability of 3,5-dimethyl-3'-isopropyl-L-thyronine to cross the ovine placenta as no reduction in the abnormally elevated fetal plasma TSH observed in spite of a fall in maternal plasma TSH and apparent restoration of maternal thyroid function.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)