Multivariate Pharma Technology Transfer Analysis: Civilization Diseases and COVID-19 Perspective.

The importance of studying civilization diseases manifests itself in the impact of changing lifestyles, on the number of deaths and causes of death. Technology transfer plays an important role in the prevention and treatment of these diseases. Through this, it is possible to transfer new treatments and diagnostics to clinics and hospitals more quickly and effectively, which leads to better healthcare for patients. Technology transfer can also aid in the development of new drugs and therapies that can be effective in the treatment of civilization diseases. The paper aims to evaluate the technology transfer process in the field of civilization diseases, using COVID-19 as an example of a pandemic that requires quick development and transfer of technology. To achieve the assumed goal, we propose a multivariate synthetic ratio in the field of civilization diseases (SMTT-Synthetic Measure of Technology Transfer) to analyze data from the Global Data database. We used sub-measures like SMTT_value (Synthetic Measure of Technology Transfer_value) and SMTT_quantity (Synthetic Measure of Technology Transfer_quantity) to measure technology transfer and put the data into a graph. Our analysis focuses on 14 diseases over a period of 10 years (2012-2021) and includes nine forms of technology transfer, allowing us to create a tool for analysing the process in multiple dimensions. Our results show that COVID-19 is similar in terms of technology transfer to diseases such as diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, neurodegenerative diseases, and breast cancer, even though data for COVID-19 is available for only 2 years.

Atualidades e perspectivas futuras da comissão consultiva em avaliação psicológica / Current affairs and future perspectives of the consultative commission on psychological assessment (CCAP) / Actualidades y perspectivas de futuro de la comisión consultiva en evaluación psicológica

A Comissão Consultiva em Avaliação Psicológica (CCAP), atrelada ao Sistema de Avaliação de Testes Psicológicos (SATEPSI) do Conselho Federal de Psicologia (CFP), tem como objetivos emitir pareceres acerca de solicitações advindas da avaliação psicológica(AP), elaborar e propor atualizações de documentos técnicos e normativos do CFP relativos à AP, elaborar e propor diretrizes para o ensino e formação continuada em AP, conduzir o processo de avaliação dos instrumentos submetidos ao SATEPSI e discutir temas e propor ações no âmbito da AP. Nos últimos 20 anos, a CCAP vem buscando atender a esses objetivos, indicando novos caminhos para a área. Nesse sentido, este artigo tem como objetivo apresentar as principais atualidades e movimentos da CCAP, indicando caminhos possíveis e perspectivas futuras para a área de AP. São discutidas as ações atuais que vêm sendo desenvolvidas pela CCAP, bem como as ações futuras delineadas que buscam promover uma AP cada vez mais democrática. Concluímos que a AP é uma prática do(a) psicólogo(a) que deve ser operacionalizada com compromisso ético, atrelada aos direitos humanos e à justiça, com embasamento científico e alinhada às mudanças sociais.(AU)

The Consultative Commission on Psychological Assessment (CCAP), affiliated with the Psychological Test Evaluation System under the Federal Council of Psychology (CFP), has the following objectives: to provide expert opinions on requests stemming from psychological assessments (PA), to draft and propose updates to the CFP technical and normative documents pertaining to PA, to formulate and recommend guidelines for education and ongoing professional development in PA, to oversee the evaluation process of instruments submitted to SATEPSI, and to engage in discussions and propose initiatives within the PA. Over the past two decades, CCAP has diligently worked to achieve these goals, charting new avenues in the field. In this context, this study aims to describe the most current developments and initiatives of CCAP and outline prospective directions and future outlooks for the PA. This study delves into the current initiatives undertaken by CCAP and the prospective actions delineated to foster a progressively more inclusive PA. Thus, we claim that PA is a practice inherent to psychologists that demands ethical commitment, alignment with human rights and justice, a solid scientific foundation, and adaptation to evolving social dynamics.(AU)

La Comisión Consultiva en Evaluación Psicológica (CCAP), vinculada al Sistema de Evaluación de Pruebas Psicológicas (SATEPSI) del Consejo Federal de Psicología (CFP), tiene como objetivo emitir opinión técnica sobre solicitudes derivadas de la evaluación psicológica (EP), elaborar y proponer actualizaciones de documentos técnicos y normativos del CFP relacionados con EP, desarrollar y proponer lineamientos para la enseñanza y la formación continua en EP, conducir el proceso de evaluación de los instrumentos presentados al SATEPSI y discutir temas y proponer acciones en el ámbito de EP. Durante los últimos veinte años, la CCAP ha buscado alcanzar estos objetivos indicando nuevos caminos para el área. En este sentido, este artículo tiene como objetivo presentar las principales actualidades y movimientos de la CCAP indicando posibles caminos y perspectivas de futuro para el área de EP. Se discuten las acciones actuales que ha desarrollado la CCAP, así como las acciones futuras perfiladas que buscan promover una EP cada vez más democrática. Se concluye que la EP es una práctica del psicólogo que debe ponerse en práctica con compromiso ético, vinculada a los derechos humanos y la justicia, con base científica y alineada con los cambios sociales.(AU)

Transferência tecnológica durante a pandemia de covid-19: relato do primeiro treinamento prático presencial no Brasil / Technology transfer during the COVID-19 pandemic: report on the first face-to-face practical training course in Brazil / Transferencia de tecnología durante la epidemia de COVID-19 en Brasil: informe de la primera formación práctica presencial

O relato descreveu o primeiro curso presencial visando capacitar profissionais de saúde pública na realização de vigilância genômica em tempo real, durante períodos pandêmicos. Relato de experiência sobre um curso teórico-prático com foco em pesquisa e vigilância genômica, incluindo tecnologias de sequenciamento móvel, bioinformática, filogenética e modelagem epidemiológica. O evento contou com 162 participantes e foi o primeiro grande treinamento presencial realizado durante a epidemia de covid-19 no Brasil. Não foi detectada infecção pelo SARS-CoV-2 ao final do evento em nenhum participante, sugerindo a segurança e efetividade de todas as medidas de segurança adotadas. Os resultados do evento sugerem que é possível executar capacitação profissional com segurança durante pandemias, desde que seguidos todos os protocolos de segurança.

The objective of this report was to describe the first face-to-face course aimed at training public health professionals in performing real-time genomic surveillance during the pandemic period. Experience report on a theoretical-practical course focusing on genomic research and surveillance, including mobile sequencing technologies, bioinformatics, phylogenetics and epidemiological modeling. There were 162 participants in the event and it was the first major face-to-face training course conducted during the COVID-19 epidemic in Brazil. No cases of SARS-CoV-2 infection was detected among the participants at the end of the event, suggesting the safety and effectiveness of all safety measures adopted. The results of this experience suggest that it is possible to conduct professional training safely during pandemics, as long as all safety protocols are followed.

Este estudio tuvo como objetivo describir el primer curso presencial para capacitar a los profesionales de la salud pública para llevar a cabo la vigilancia genómica en tiempo real durante los períodos de pandemia. Este es un informe de experiencia en un curso teórico-práctico centrado en la investigación y vigilancia genómica, que incluye secuenciación móvil, bioinformática, filogenética y tecnologías de modelado epidemiológico. Este evento contó con la asistencia de 162 participantes y fue la primera gran capacitación presencial realizada durante la epidemia de COVID-19 en Brasil. No se detectó infección por SARS-CoV-2 al final del evento en ningún participante, lo que sugiere la seguridad y efectividad de todas las medidas de seguridad adoptadas. Por lo tanto, los resultados del evento sugieren que es posible realizar entrenamientos profesionales de manera segura durante pandemias, siempre y cuando se sigan todos los protocolos de seguridad.

A review on risk assessment of formulation development and technology transfer of COVID-19 vaccines / Una revisión sobre la evaluación de riesgos del desarrollo de formulaciones y la transferencia de tecnología de las vacunas COVID-19

Background: COVID-19 pandemic situation made the pharmaceutical companies develop the vaccine with different formulations in a short period. Objectives: The main objective of the review is to focus on different types of vaccine formulations available globally and the importance of technology transfer in vaccine development associated with potential risks. Results: Research on vaccine development led to various types of vaccines, such as Inactivated vaccines, Live Attenuated vaccines, Ribonucleic acid (RNA) and Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) vaccines, viral vector vaccines, and Protein Subunit Vaccines for COVID-19. But the process of vaccine development and technology transfer is lined with various risks and challenges. Through risk assessment, we found some major potential risks involved in product development; this leads to a smoother and more efficient method to develop safe vaccines available for public health. Conclusions: This review will explain the significance of technology collaboration for the faster development of various formulations of vaccines globally

Antecedentes: La situación de pandemia de COVID-19 hizo que las empresas farmacéuticas desarrollaran la vacuna con diferentes formulaciones en un corto período. Objetivos: El objetivo principal de la revisión es centrarse en los diferentes tipos de formulaciones de vacunas disponibles a nivel mundial y la importancia de la transferencia de tecnología en el desarrollo de vacunas asociado con los riesgos potenciales. Resultados: La investigación sobre el desarrollo de vacunas condujo al desarrollo de varios tipos de vacunas, como vacunas inactivadas, vacunas vivas atenuadas, vacunas de ácido ribonucleico (ARN) y ácido desoxirribonucleico (ADN), vacunas de vectores virales y vacunas de subunidades de proteínas para COVID-19. Pero el proceso de desarrollo de vacunas y transferencia de tecnología está lleno de varios riesgos y desafíos. A través de la evaluación de riesgos, encontramos algunos riesgos potenciales importantes involucrados en el desarrollo de productos, lo que conduce a un método más fluido y eficiente para desarrollar vacunas seguras disponibles para la salud pública. Conclusiones: Esta revisión dará una idea de la importancia de la colaboración tecnológica para el desarrollo más rápido de varias formulaciones de vacunas a nivel mundial

A primeira vacina 100% brasileira contra a Covid-19: a conquista de Bio-Manguinhos/Fiocruz / The first 100% Brazilian vaccine against Covid-19: the achievement of Bio-Manguinhos/Fiocruz

Expõe um panorama que perpassa pela origem do vírus, por mecanismos de transmissão do SARS-coV-2, pelo processo de desenvolvimento de vacinas e pelos instrumentos regulatórios e legais para garantir o acesso à vacinação

Identifying the nature and extent of public and donor concern about the commercialisation of biobanks for genomic research.

Various forms of private investment are considered necessary for the sustainability of biobanks, yet pose significant challenges to public trust. To manage this tension, it is vital to identify the concerns of relevant stakeholders to ensure effective and acceptable policy and practice. This research examines the aspects of commercialisation that are of most concern to the Australian public (n = 800) and patients who had donated their tissue to two large disease specific (cancer) public biobanks (n = 564). Overall, we found a commercialisation effect (higher support for public relative to private) in relation to funding, research location and access to stored biospecimens. The effect was strongest for research locations and access compared to funding. A latent class analysis revealed the pattern of concern differed, with the majority (34.1%) opposing all aspects of commercialisation, a minority supporting all (15.7%), one quarter (26.8%) opposing some (sharing and selling tissue) but not others (research locations and funding), and a group who were unsure about most aspects but opposed selling tissue (23.5%). Patient donors were found to be more accepting of and unsure about most aspects of commercialisation. Members of the (general) public who were motivated to participate in biobanking were more likely to oppose some aspects while supporting others, while those who indicated they would not donate to a biobank were more likely to oppose all aspects of commercialisation. The results suggest that approaches to policy, engagement and awareness raising need to be tailored for different publics and patient groups to increase participation.

Household arsenic contaminated water treatment employing iron oxide/bamboo biochar composite: An approach to technology transfer.

Commercialization of novel adsorbents technology for providing safe drinking water must consider scale-up methodological approaches to bridge the gap between laboratory and industrial applications. These imply complex matrix analysis and large-scale experiment designs. Arsenic concentrations up to 200-fold higher (2000 µg/L) than the WHO safe drinking limit (10 µg/L) have been reported in Latin American drinking waters. In this work, biochar was developed from a single, readily available, and taxonomically identified woody bamboo species, Guadua chacoensis. Raw biochar (BC) from slow pyrolysis (700 °C for 1 h) and its analog containing chemically precipitated Fe3O4 nanoparticles (BC-Fe) were produced. BC-Fe performed well in fixed-bed column sorption. Predicted model capacities ranged from 8.2 to 7.5 mg/g and were not affected by pH 5-9 shift. The effect of competing matrix chemicals including sulfate, phosphate, nitrate, chloride, acetate, dichromate, carbonate, fluoride, selenate, and molybdate ions (each at 0.01 mM, 0.1 mM and 1 mM) was evaluated. Fe3O4 enhanced the adsorption of arsenate as well as phosphate, molybdate, dichromate and selenate. With the exception of nitrate, individually competing ions at low concentration (0.01 mM) did not significantly inhibit As(V) sorption onto BC-Fe. The presence of ten different ions in low concentrations (0.01 mM) did not exert much influence and BC-Fe's preference for arsenate, and removal remained above 90%. The batch and column BC and BC-Fe adsorption capacities and their ability to provide safe drinking water were evaluated using a naturally contaminated tap water (165 ± 5 µg/L As). A 960 mL volume (203.8 Bed Volumes) of As-free drinking water was collected from a 1 g BC-Fe fixed bed. Adsorbent regeneration was attempted with (NH4)2SO4, KOH, or K3PO4 (1 M) strippers. Potassium phosphate performed the best for BC-Fe regeneration. Safe disposal options for the exhausted adsorbents are proposed. Adsorbents and their As-laden analogues (from single and multi-component mixtures) were characterized using high resolution XPS and possible competitive interactions and adsorption pathways and attractive interactions were proposed including electrostatic attractions, hydrogen bonding and weak chemisorption to BC phenolics. Stoichiometric precipitation of metal (Mg, Ca and Fe) oxyanion (phosphate, molybdate, selenate and chromate) insoluble compounds is considered. The use of a packed BC-Fe cartridge to provide As-free drinking water is presented for potential commercial use. BC-Fe is an environmentally friendly and potentially cost-effective adsorbent to provide arsenic-free household water.

Artificial intelligence in colonoscopy - Now on the market. What's next?

Adoption of artificial intelligence (AI) in clinical medicine is revolutionizing daily practice. In the field of colonoscopy, major endoscopy manufacturers have already launched their own AI products on the market with regulatory approval in Europe and Asia. This commercialization is strongly supported by positive evidence that has been recently established through rigorously designed prospective trials and randomized controlled trials. According to some of the trials, AI tools possibly increase the adenoma detection rate by roughly 50% and contribute to a 7-20% reduction of colonoscopy-related costs. Given that reliable evidence is emerging, together with active commercialization, this seems to be a good time for us to review and discuss the current status of AI in colonoscopy from a clinical perspective. In this review, we introduce the advantages and possible drawbacks of AI tools and explore their future potential including the possibility of obtaining reimbursement.

Identificación de las capacidades tecnológicas de la Fundación Universitaria de Ciencias de la Salud, Colombia / Identification of tecnological capabilities of Fundación Universitaria de Ciencias de la Salud, Colombia

Para innovar es necesario contar con capacidades. ¿Cuáles son las capacidades tecnológicas de la Fundación Universitaria de Ciencias de la Salud-FUCS de Colombia? Objetivo: identificarlas en el área de las ciencias médicas de la FUCS tomando en cuenta las siguientes dimensiones: capital humano, financiamiento en I+D+I, medición de la innovación, transferencia tecnológica, uso y apropiación de nuevas tecnologías, procesos de aprendizaje en la organización y productividad. Métodos y datos: investigación cualitativa en cuya primera fase se construyó un marco conceptual sobre capacidades tecnológicas de las universidades pues solo se encontraron referentes aplicados a la industria. En la segunda se aplicó una encuesta semiestructurada a actores clave para identificar aquellos productos y/o servicios de investigación o de otras áreas con potencial para comercializar y/o patentar. En una tercera fase se aplicó la metodología de trayectoria de vida (lifecourse) para profundizar en el ciclo de vida de los productos con el fin de identificar las dificultades para la toma de decisiones. Resultados: se logró establecer una línea para la vigilancia tecnológica en la organización, al contar con una base de datos de productos o servicios con potencial para comercializar y/o patentar que se gestan en la FUCS, a partir de una entrevista semiestructurada aplicada a actores clave. Otro de los hallazgos fue que uno de los principales retos es la construcción de una cultura organizacional orientada hacia la innovación continua y la normativa respecto a derechos de propiedad intelectual que definan las reglas de juego.

Innovation involves technological capabilities. What are the technological capabilities of Fundación Universitaria de Ciencias de la Salud-FUCS, Colombia? Objective: to measure the level of technological capabilities in the FUCS area of medical sciences considering the following aspects: human capital, finance in I+D+I, measure of innovation, technology transfer, use and appropriation of new technologies, organizational learning processes and productivity. Methods and Data:a qualitative research in which a technological capability conceptual framework in the university sector was created in the first phase, for only references in the industrial sector were found. A semi-structured questionnaire with key actors to identify products and/or services with commercial and/or patentability potential was applied in the second phase. The life-course methodology was used in the third phase to conduct an in-depth study in product life cycle to identify difficulties in the decision making processes. Results: we established a technological surveillance route in the organization, when a FUCS database of products and/or services with commercial and/or patentability potential was developed by applying a semi-structured interview to key actors. The main challenge identified was to build a continuous innovation-oriented culture in the organization and develop the normativity regarding intellectual property rights defining the rules of the game.

WHO Global Strategy and Plan of Action on Public Health, Innovation and Intellectual Property (EB148/10)

This report responds to the Seventy-third World Health Assembly's request for a report on progress made in implementing its decision WHA73(11) (2020). The accompanying document annexed to this report sets out the final version of the implementation plan to guide further action on the prioritized recommendations of the review panel, established at the request of the Sixty-eighth World Health Assembly (resolution WHA68.18 (2015)) to conduct an overall programme review of the global strategy and plan of action on public health, innovation and intellectual property. (AU)

Valoración de las competencias digitales en docentes para la adopción de tecnologías de software libre. Proyecto Kids on Computers / Assesment of digital skills of teachers for free software technolo - gy adoption. Kids on Computers project

Resumen La capacitación a los docentes es clave para la adopción de las TIC en la educación; sin embargo, en los proyectos establecidos en México se detectó que la mayoría de ellos no la incluye, este mismo problema existe en el proyecto Kids on Computers, principalmente por el desconocimiento del software instalado en los sistemas operativos Ubermix y Raspbian de los laboratorios de cómputo de Huajuapan de León, Oaxaca, México. Este trabajo muestra evidencias de la necesidad de formación en competencias digitales por parte de los docentes que integran el caso de estudio. Se utilizó una metodología documental y de campo con un enfoque cuantitativo y se aplicó la técnica de recolección de datos por medio de una encuesta que tomó como base las recomendaciones por parte de organismos internacionales para diseñarla. Los resultados arrojan que sólo el 20% de ellos reporta haber tenido capacitación formal en el área de tecnología y en relación con el nivel de experiencia en el uso de las TIC, la mitad de ellos se considera en el nivel de principiante y la otra mitad con nivel medio. Se propone un plan de formación para los docentes estableciendo los objetivos y contenidos de los cursos con los elementos teórico-prácticos que les permitan utilizar las aplicaciones. Se ha iniciado la capacitación con tareas básicas del sistema operativo, posteriormente se generó un catálogo de las aplicaciones instaladas con respecto al uso que podría dárseles para compartirlo con los docentes e ir seleccionando aquellas que les resulten más útiles.

Abstract Teacher's training is fundamental to incorporate TIC in education programs; even though, most projects in Mexico don't include it, the same problem appears in Kids on Computers, mainly because the lack of knowledge about the software installed over Ubermix and Raspbian in the computer labs in Huajuapan de Leon, Oaxaca, Mexico. This work shows evidence on the need of teacher's training in digital skills within the study case. A statistical field test methodology has been used with a quantitative approach, data is collected from a survey that was designed following the recommendations of international organizations. Results report that only 20% of the sample have been trained in TIC, the half of them consider theirself in the beginners level and the other half in the intermediate level. A training program is proposed, course goals and content are adjusted to include theory-practice knowledge that allows the use of the software applications. First, they start with operative systems basics and then a catalog of apps classified upon educative criteria was generated to share that information with teachers and select those that result more useful to them.

Evaluating different adoption scenarios for TIL-therapy and the influence on its (early) cost-effectiveness.

BACKGROUND: Treatment with tumor-Infiltrating Lymphocytes (TIL) is an innovative therapy for advanced melanoma with promising clinical phase I/II study results and likely beneficial cost-effectiveness. As a randomized controlled trial on the effectiveness of TIL therapy in advanced melanoma compared to ipilimumab is still ongoing, adoption of TIL therapy by the field is confronted with uncertainty. To deal with this, scenario drafting can be used to identify potential barriers and enables the subsequent anticipation on these barriers. This study aims to inform adoption decisions of TIL by evaluating various scenarios and evaluate their effect on the cost-effectiveness. METHODS: First, 14 adoption scenarios for TIL-therapy were drafted using a Delphi approach with a group of involved experts. Second, the likelihood of the scenarios taking place within 5 years was surveyed among international experts using a web-based questionnaire. Third, based on the questionnaire results and recent literature, scenarios were labeled as being either "likely" or "-unlikely". Finally, the cost-effectiveness of TIL treatment involving the "likely" scored scenarios was calculated. RESULTS: Twenty-nine experts from 12 countries completed the questionnaire. The scenarios showed an average likelihood ranging from 29 to 58%, indicating that future developments of TIL-therapy were surrounded with quite some uncertainty. Eight of the 14 scenarios were labeled as "likely". The net monetary benefit per patient is presented as a measure of cost-effectiveness, where a positive value means that a scenario is cost-effective. For six of these scenarios the cost-effectiveness was calculated: "Commercialization of TIL production" (the price was assumed to be 3 times the manufacturing costs in the academic setting) (-€51,550), "Pharmaceutical companies lowering the prices of ipilimumab" (€11,420), "Using TIL-therapy combined with ipilimumab" (-€10,840), "Automatic TIL production" (€22,670), "TIL more effective" (€23,270), "Less Interleukin-2" (€20,370). CONCLUSIONS: Incorporating possible future developments, TIL-therapy was calculated to be cost-effective compared to ipilimumab in the majority of "likely" scenarios. These scenarios could function as facilitators for adoption. Contrary, TIL therapy was expected to not be cost-effective when sold at commercial prices, or when combined with ipilimumab. These scenarios should be considered in the adoption decision as these may act as crucial barriers.

[Integration of production-university-research based on artificial intelligence for technological innovation and transformation in gastrointestinal surgery].

Medical artificial intelligence is a deeply integrated field of production-university-research. The collaborative innovation system of "industry, education and research" has broken down the barriers between various disciplines and has shown great impetus in scientific and technological innovation and achievement transformation. The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University where the authors work, relying on Shandong Key Laboratory of Digital Medicine and Computer-Assisted Surgery and Institute of Digital Medicine and Computer-Assisted Surgery of Qingdao University, has jointly established a close "industry-university-research" cooperation mechanism with the State Key Laboratory of Virtual Reality Technology and Systems of Beijing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics and Qingdao Hisense Medical Equipment Co., Ltd., which lasted for 10 years and carried out a series of useful explorations in scientific and technological innovation and achievement transformation in the field of gastrointestinal surgery of artificial intelligence with fruitful results. It mainly comprises of the following: (1) The research and development (R&D) of Hisense computer-assisted surgery (CAS) system has important clinical significance for laparoscopic gastrointestinal surgery guided by surrounding blood vessels that grasps globally the movement and variation of blood vessels in order to accurately select surgical strategies. (2) R&D of an automatic identification system for gastrointestinal diseases (namely image-assisted diagnosis system of artificial intelligence) initially applies deep neural network of artificial intelligence to the identification of lymph node metastases in rectal cancer, which has achieved accurate clinical diagnosis. (3) The virtual endoscopy platform for the gastrointestinal tract developed can successfully provide a new virtual endoscopy view of the intestinal wall eversion and realize the one-way navigation of the intestinal wall. (4) A localized platform of laparoscopic surgery simulation training is established with completely independent intellectual property rights. We realize that clinical requirement is the source of research and development, clinical practice is the source of innovation, and clinicians are practitioners of transformation of achievements. The establishment of artificial intelligence models often requires the support of massive and high-quality clinical data. Therefore, the effectiveness of its promotion and application can only be ensured by adopting a multi-center research approach. In the whole process of scientific and technological innovation and achievement transformation, the issues of medical ethics and intellectual property rights cannot be ignored.

[Thoughts of the combination of medicine and engineering and collaborative innovation on surgery in China].

The combination of medicine and engineering is a new interdisciplinary subject, which is a mode of cross integration and collaborative innovation between medical science and engineering. The combination and collaborative innovation of medicine and industry means more about the improvement, innovation and R&D of medical devices. However, the combination of traditional industry with biomedical engineering, modern medical imaging technology, electronic information technology and other high-tech in medical device industry is a reflection of the manufacturing industry and high-tech level of a country. The development mode of medical industry integration and collaborative innovation in China is mainly to merge medical colleges and universities with science and engineering colleges, promote the cross of different departments, and set up biomedical engineering specialty under the support of a series of relevant national policies, relying on large-scale comprehensive hospitals and research institutes, establish numerous research centers of translational medicine, thus achieving a series of achievements. Our team has made some explorations in the practice of the combination of medicine and engineering, including the utility model patent "reusable simple anal expander" and "incision protective cover of transanal multi-channel endoscopic surgery operation platform", which have been authorized by the State Intellectual Property Office, meanwhile the ultra-fine laparoscope, intragastric gasbag and other projects have been demonstrated by relevant research and development teams and are to be transformed into production. On January 10, 2020, with the approval of Guangdong Pharmaceutical Association, the Medical Innovation and Transformation Expert Committee of Guangdong Pharmaceutical Association was established jointly with the representatives of medical colleagues, scientific research institutions and enterprises, who are interested in the combination of medical industry and collaborative innovation. This Committee provides a platform for the exchange of medical colleagues, scientific research institutions and enterprises. We realize that clinical practice is the source of the combination of medical workers and collaborative innovation, and clinicians are the driving force of the combination of medical workers and collaborative innovation. At present, the main problems faced by the development of medical industry integration in China are as follows: insufficient integration of medical industry integration disciplines in the basic research stage; less interaction of clinical application needs in the application research stage; difficult transformation of scientific research achievements; the unconnected whole chain of "production, learning, research and application". If we can increase the investment in scientific research and policy incentives, strengthen the communication and interaction with enterprises, pay more attentions to the social and economic benefits of the promotion of achievements, open the whole process of the combination of medicine and industry, and improve the evaluation mechanism of the innovation ability of such combination, combination of medicine and engineering and collaborative innovation in China will enter the golden period of rapid development.

Preparedness against pandemic influenza: Production of an oil-in-water emulsion adjuvant in Brazil.

Increasing pandemic influenza vaccine manufacturing capacity is considered strategic by WHO. Adjuvant use is key in this strategy in order to spare the vaccine doses and by increasing immune protection. We describe here the production and stability studies of a squalene based oil-in-water emulsion, adjuvant IB160, and the immune response of the H7N9 vaccine combined with IB160. To qualify the production of IB160 we produced 10 consistency lots of IB160 and the average results were: pH 6.4±0.05; squalene 48.8±.0.03 mg/ml; osmolality 47.6±6.9 mmol/kg; Z-average 157±2 nm, with polydispersity index (PDI) of 0.085±0.024 and endotoxin levels <0.5 EU/mL. The emulsion particle size was stable for at least six months at 25°C and 24 months at 4-8°C. Two doses of H7N9 vaccine formulated at 7.5 µg/dose or 15 µg/dose with adjuvant IB160 showed a significant increase of hemagglutination inhibition (HAI) titers in sera of immunized BALB/c mice when compared to control sera from animals immunized with the H7N9 antigens without adjuvant. Thus the antigen-sparing capacity of IB160 can potentially increase the production of the H7N9 pandemic vaccine and represents an important achievement for preparedness against pandemic influenza and a successful North (IDRI) to South (Butantan Institute) technology transfer for the production of the adjuvant emulsion IB160.

Maintaining Intervention Fidelity When Using Technology Delivery Across Studies.

The current standard in healthcare research is to maintain scientific fidelity of any intervention being tested. Fidelity is defined as the consistent delivery of interventions that ensures that all participants are provided the same information, guidance, and/or materials. Notably, the methods for ensuring fidelity of intervention delivery must also be consistent. This article describes our Intervention and Technology Delivery Fidelity Checklists used to ensure consistency. These checklists were completed by trained nurse observers who rated the intervention implementation and the technology delivery. Across our clinical trials and pilot studies, the fidelity scores were tabulated and compared. Intervention information and materials were delivered by a variety of devices including telehealth monitors, videophones, and/or iPads. Each of the devices allows audiovisual connections between health professionals from their offices and patients and participants in their homes. Our checklists guide the monitoring of fidelity of technology delivery. Overall checklist ratings across our studies demonstrate consistent intervention, implementation, and technology delivery approaches. Uniquely, the fidelity checklist verifies the interventionist's correct use of the technology devices to ensure consistent audiovisual delivery. Checklist methods to ensure intervention fidelity and technology delivery are essential research procedures, which can be adapted for use by researchers across multiple disciplines.

The Intersection of Hand Surgery Practice and Industry.

This article focuses on the working relationship between practicing hand surgeons and company representatives. The basic job of reps is to influence surgeon behavior to use their products. Surgeons must make certain that nothing of value is received in a quid pro quo for using industry products. Physicians have an ethical obligation to only use industry devices that are in the best interests of their patients. Hand surgeons may become involved in product development and thereby come into contact with industry. Several key steps are required to protect any intellectual property surgeons develop in their interactions with industry.