Knowledge, attitude, and practice toward postoperative self-management among kidney transplant recipients.

BACKGROUND: Patient involvement is crucial to the success of kidney transplants. This study aimed to investigate the knowledge, attitude, and practice (KAP) toward postoperative self-management among kidney transplant recipients. METHODS: A web-based cross-sectional study was conducted in Ruijin Hospital (Shanghai, China) between March 24, 2023, and April 15, 2023 in kidney transplant recipients. A questionnaire was designed to collect data about the characteristics of the participants and their KAP toward postoperative self-management. KAP scores were calculated based on participants' responses, using predefined scoring criteria tailored to evaluate each dimension of KAP effectively. RESULTS: A total of 483 valid questionnaires were collected, including 189 (39.13%) participants aged between 46 and 60 years. The mean score of knowledge, attitude and practice were 23.44 ± 4.87 (possible range: 0-28), 43.59 ± 2.65 (possible range: 10-50), 52.52 ± 4.64 (possible range: 0-58), respectively. The multivariate analysis showed knowledge scores (OR = 1.15, 95% CI = 1.10-1.20, p < 0.001), attitude scores (OR = 1.22, 95% CI = 1.12-1.32, p < 0.001) and undergone transplantation within 1 year (OR = 3.92, 95% CI = 1.60-9.63, p = 0.003) were independently associated with good practice. Knowledge scores (OR = 1.06, 95% CI = 1.02-1.10, p = 0.003), attitude scores (OR = 1.16, 95% CI = 1.08-1.25, p < 0.001), aged 16-35 years (OR = 0.38, 95% CI = 0.18-0.78, p = 0.009), underwent a single kidney transplant surgery (OR = 3.97, 95% CI = 1.28-12.38, p = 0.017) were independently associated with medication adherence. CONCLUSIONS: Kidney transplant recipients had good knowledge, positive attitude and good practice toward postoperative self-management. Implementing personalized education, psychological support, and close monitoring strategies is recommended to optimize postoperative self-management in kidney transplant recipients.

Frailty and depressive symptoms in older kidney transplant recipients: opportunities for collaboration between transplant nephrologists and geriatricians.

BACKGROUND: Frailty is one of the key syndromes in geriatric medicine and an important factor for post-transplant outcomes. We aimed to describe the prevalence of frailty and examine the correlates of frailty and depressive symptoms in older kidney transplant recipients (KTRs). METHODS: This cross-sectional study involved 112 kidney transplant recipients (KTRs) aged 70 and above. Frailty syndrome was assessed using the Fried frailty criteria, and patients were categorized as frail, pre-frail, or non-frail based on five frailty components: muscle weakness, slow walking speed, low physical activity, self-reported exhaustion, and unintentional weight loss. Depressive symptoms were measured using the 15-item Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS). The relationship between frailty and depressive symptoms was evaluated using multinomial logistic regression, with the three frailty categories as the dependent variable and the severity of depressive symptoms as the independent variable, while controlling for age, gender, renal graft function, and time since transplant surgery. RESULTS: The participants had a mean age of 73.3 ± 3.3 years, and 49% were female. The prevalence of frailty syndrome was 25% (n = 28), pre-frailty was 46% (n = 52), and 29% (n = 32) of the KTRs were non-frail. The mean score for depressive symptoms was 3.1 ± 2.4 points, with 18% scoring above the clinical depression cutoff. Depressive symptoms were positively correlated with frailty (r = .46, p < .001). Among the frailty components, self-reported exhaustion (r = .43, p < .001), slow walking speed (r = .26, p < .01), and low physical activity (r = .44, p < .001) were significantly positively correlated with depressive symptoms, while muscle strength (p = .068) and unintentional weight loss (p = .050) were not. A multinomial logistic regression adjusted for covariates indicated that, compared to being non-frail, each additional point on the GDS increased the odds of being pre-frail by 39% (odds ratio [OR] = 1.39, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.01-1.96) and roughly doubled the odds of being frail (OR = 2.01, 95% CI 1.39-2.89). CONCLUSION: There is a strong association between frailty and depression in KTRs aged 70 years and older. Targeted detection has opened up a new avenue for collaboration between geriatricians and transplant nephrologists.

Rehabilitation exercises for kidney transplant recipients in an organ transplant ward: a best practice implementation project.

INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES: Kidney transplantation is an effective treatment for end-stage kidney disease. Kidney transplant recipients (KTRs) are prone to experiencing reduced physical function, depression, fatigue, and lack of exercise motivation due to their sedentary lifestyle before surgery. Exercise is an effective intervention for KTRs, but it has not been properly implemented in many practice settings. This project aimed to promote evidence-based exercises as part of KTRs' rehabilitation to improve their health outcomes. METHODS: This project was informed by the JBI Evidence Implementation Framework. The project was conducted in the organ transplant ward of a tertiary comprehensive hospital in Changsha, China. Based on a summary of best evidence, 12 audit criteria were developed for the baseline and follow-up audits involving 30 patients and 20 nursing staff. The JBI Practical Application of Clinical Evidence System (PACES) and Getting Research into Practice (GRiP) tool were used to identify barriers and facilitators and develop targeted strategies to improve issues. RESULTS: Compared with the baseline audit, significant improvements were achieved in most of the criteria in the follow-up audit, with 9 of the 12 criteria reaching 100% compliance. Notably, the 6-minute walk distance test results were significantly higher, while the Self-Rating Depression Scale and Self-Rating Anxiety Scale scores were significantly lower ( p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: This project demonstrates that evidence-based practice can improve the clinical practice of rehabilitation exercises for KTRs. The GRiP strategies proved to be extremely useful, notably, the formulation of a standardized rehabilitation exercise protocol, training, and enhancement of the exercising environment. Head nurses' leadership and decision-making also played an important role in the success of this project. SPANISH ABSTRACT: http://links.lww.com/IJEBH/A180.

Iron deficiency, anemia, and patient-reported outcomes in kidney transplant recipients.

Kidney transplant recipients (KTRs) experience more fatigue, anxiety, and depressive symptoms and lower concentration and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) compared with the general population. Anemia is a potential cause that is well-recognized and treated. Iron deficiency, however, is often unrecognized, despite its potential detrimental effects related to and unrelated to anemia. We investigated the interplay of anemia, iron deficiency, and patient-reported outcomes in 814 outpatient KTRs (62% male, age 56 ± 13 years) enrolled in the TransplantLines Biobank and Cohort Study (Groningen, The Netherlands). In total, 28% had iron deficiency (ie, transferrin saturation < 20% and ferritin < 100 µg/L), and 29% had anemia (World Health Organization criteria). In linear regression analyses, iron deficiency, but not anemia, was associated with more fatigue, worse concentration, lower wellbeing, more anxiety, more depressive symptoms, and lower HRQoL, independent of age, sex, estimated glomerular filtration rate, anemia, and other potential confounders. In the fully adjusted logistic regression models, iron deficiency was associated with an estimated 53% higher risk of severe fatigue, a 100% higher risk of major depressive symptoms, and a 51% higher chance of being at risk for sick leave/work disability. Clinical trials are needed to investigate the effect of iron deficiency correction on patient-reported outcomes and HRQoL in KTRs.

A compreensão das expectativas dos pacientes candidatos ao transplante hepático / Understanding the expectations of patients who are candidates for liver transplantation / Comprender las expectativas de los pacientes candidatos a un trasplante de hígado

As doenças hepáticas crônicas trazem alterações metabólicas no organismo que alteram a qualidade de vida do indivíduo. A depender da gravidade clínica, o transplante hepático surge como uma proposta terapêutica que necessita de inclusão no Sistema Nacional de Transplantes e avaliação multiprofissional. O objetivo deste trabalho é identificar as expectativas que os pacientes candidatos ao transplante hepático expressam sobre esta terapêutica. Trata-se de um estudo descritivo, de abordagem qualitativa, que utilizou o método da pesquisa documental nos Formulários de Avaliação Psicológica Pré Transplante do serviço de psicologia de um hospital universitário em Fortaleza, Ceará. Foram analisados 202 Formulários pelo método de análise de conteúdo de Bardin que se dividiram em três categorias: 1. Diminuição dos sintomas a recuperação à saúde; 2. Esperança frente ao desconhecido; 3. Reconstrução da identidade. A pesquisa permitiu identificar as principais expectativas dos pacientes relacionados ao transplante hepático, delineando os aspectos que são sustentadores para que os sujeitos deem continuidade ao tratamento, a saber: rede social de apoio, possibilidade de melhora clínica e aumento da sobrevida, sentimentos de esperança e desejo de qualidade de vida. O desejo de cura está relacionado à recuperação da cirurgia e não apenas ao desaparecimento da doença hepática. (AU)

Chronic liver diseases bring metabolic changes in the body that affect the individual's quality of life. Depending on the clinical severity, liver transplantation emerges as a therapeutic proposal that requires inclusion in the National Transplant System and multidisciplinary evaluation. The aim of this study was to identify the expectations that patients who are candidates for liver transplantation express about this therapy. This is a descriptive, qualitative study that used the documentary research method in the Pre-Transplant Psychological Assessment Forms of the psychology service at a university hospital in the city of Fortaleza, Ceará. 202 Forms were analyzed using Bardin's content analysis method, which were divided into three categories: 1. Reduction of symptoms and recovery to health; 2. Hope in the face of the unknown; 3. Reconstruction of identity. The research identified the main expectations of patients related to liver transplantation, outlining the aspects that support subjects in continuing treatment, namely: social support network, the possibility of clinical improvement and increased survival, feelings of hope, and desire for quality of life. The desire for a cure is related to recovery from surgery and not just to the disappearance of liver disease. (AU)

Las enfermidades hepáticas crónicas traen alteraciones metabólicas en el organismo que alteran la calidad de vida. Dependiendo de la gravidad, el trasplante de hígado surge como una propuesta terapéutica que necesita de inclusión en el Sistema Nacional de Trasplante. El objetivo de este trabajo es identificar las expectativas que los pacientes candidatos al trasplante expresan sobre esta terapia. Se trata de un estudio descriptivo, que se utilizó del método de la búsqueda documental en los Formulários de Evaluación Psicológica Pré Trasplante de un Servicio de Psicología de un Hospital Universitário de la ciudad de Fortaleza (Ceará). Se analizaron 202 Formulários por el método de análisis de contenidos de Bardin que se dividieron en tres categorias: Dismi-nución de los síntomas y la recuperación de la salud; Esperanza frente a lo desconocido; Reconstrucción de la identidad. La búsqueda permitió identificar las expectativas de los pacientes relacionados al trasplante de hígado. Desta-cando los aspectos que son fundamentales para que los sujetos continúen al tratamiento, tenemos: rede social de apoyo, posibilidad de mejora clínica y aumento de supervivencia, sentimientos de esperanza y deseo de calidad de vida. El deseo de cura está relacionado a la recuperación de la cirurgia y desaparición de la enfermedad hepática. (AU)

Manual pós-transplantes: um guia para desenvolvimento das ações relacionadas aos transplantados de orgãos e tecidos no estado / Post-transplant manual: a guide for the development of actions related to organ and tissue transplants in the state

O presente documento aborda as atividades do setor de Pós-Transplantes da Central Estadual de Transplantes de Goiás - CET-GO, com o propósito de padronizar os processos além de orientar e monitorar os transplantados, contribuindo para o desenvolvimento do setor e para a qualificação deste tipo de serviço. A publicação da portaria N.°78, de 9 de Março de 1999, oficializou o credenciamento da Central Estadual de Transplantes de Goiás ­ CET / GO junto ao Ministério da Saúde e, desde então, foram muitos avanços, com quantidades significativas de recursos para aumentar o número de transplantes no Estado

This document addresses the activities of the Post-Transplant sector of the Central State of Transplants of Goiás - CET-GO, with the purpose of standardizing the processes in addition to guiding and monitoring the transplanted, contributing to the development of the sector and to the qualification of this kind of service. The publication of Ordinance No. 78, of March 9, 1999, officialized the accreditation of the Goiás State Transplant Center - CET / GO with the Ministry of Health and, since then, there have been many advances, with significant amounts of resources to increase the number of transplants in the State

Rede de apoio social após o transplante renal: estudo qualitativo na perspectiva dos pacientes, profissionais e gestores / Red de apoyo social después de trasplante de riñon: estudio cualitativo en la perspectiva de pacientes, profesionales y gerentes / Social support network after kidney transplantation: qualitative study from the perspective of patients, professionals and managers

Objetivo: Descrever as perspectivas de receptores de transplante renal, profissionais da saúde e gestores sobre a rede de apoio social. Método: Estudo qualitativo realizado com transplantados renais, profissionais e gestores. Os dados coletados foram entrevistas individuais gravadas em áudio a partir de dois instrumentos que compuseram perguntas por meio das escalas Assessment for Chronic Illness Care (ACIC) e Patient Assessment of Chronic Illness Care (PACIC), adaptadas para a cultura brasileira. Resultados: Os dados revelaram a participação das entidades não-governamentais e dos profissionais de saúde e o vínculo que estabelecem com os receptores de transplante renal, sobretudo, com o profissional médico, com a enfermagem, além de outras categoriais profissionais. Também, outros dados trazidos foi o parecer dos profissionais de saúde sobre o vínculo que estabelecem com a família da pessoa. Conclusão: O vínculo estabelecido continua forte mesmo após o transplante renal, o que demonstra o sucesso no estabelecimento de vínculos emocionais pela equipe multiprofissional, incluindo a enfermagem.(AU)

Objective: To describe the perspectives of kidney transplant recipients, health professionals and managers on the social support network. Method: A qualitative study conducted with kidney transplant recipients, professionals and managers. The data collected was audiorecorded individual interviews from two instruments that composed questions using the Assessment for Chronic Illness Care (ACIC) and Patient Assessment of Chronic Illness Care (PACIC) scales, adapted for the Brazilian culture. Results: The data revealed the participation of non-governmental entities and health professionals and the link that they establish with kidney transplant recipients, especially with the medical and nursing professionals, in addition to other professional categories. Also, other data brought up was the opinion of health professionals about the bond that they establish with the family of the person. Conclusion: The established bond remains strong even after kidney transplantation, which demonstrates the success in establishing emotional bonds by the multi-professional team, including nursing(AU)

Objetivo: Describir las perspectivas de los receptores de trasplantes de riñón, profesionales sanitarios y gestores acerca de la red de apoyo social. Método: Estudio cualitativo realizado con trasplantados renales, profesionales y gestores. Los datos recolectados fueron entrevistas individuales grabadas en audio a partir de dos instrumentos que componían preguntas adaptadas a través de escalas Assessment for Chronic Illness Care (ACIC) y Patient Assessment of Chronic Illness Care (PACIC), adaptadas a la cultura brasileña. Resultados: Los datos revelaron la participación de entidades no gubernamentales y profesionales de salud y el vínculo que establecen con el receptores de trasplante de riñón, especialmente con el profesional médico, con la enfermería, además de otras categorías profesionales. Asimismo, otro dato aportado fue la opinión de profesionales de salud sobre el vínculo que establecen con la familia de la persona. Conclusión: El vínculo establecido mantiene fuerte incluso después del trasplante renal, lo que demuestra el éxito en el establecimiento de vínculos emocionales por parte del equipo multiprofesional, incluida la enfermería.(AU)

Qualidade de vida em transplantes renais / Quality of life in kidney transplant / Calidad de vida en trasplante de riñón

A doença renal crônica afeta milhares de pessoas e é atualmente um problema de saúde pública. O transplante renal é uma das formas de tratamento utilizada com objetivo de melhorar a qualidade de vida desses indivíduos. Este estudo buscou traçar o perfil sociodemográfico, compreender o significado do transplante renal e o seu impacto na qualidade de vida. Participaram 12 pacientes transplantados, em acompanhamento ambulatorial no Hospital público localizado em Recife. Utilizou-se questionário sociodemográfico e roteiro de entrevista semiestruturado. A maioria eram adultos jovens, casados, possuíam ensino médio completo, católicos e com até cinco anos de hemodiálise. As entrevistas foram categorizadas em: impacto do diagnóstico, limites da hemodiálise, restrições alimentares e a liberdade do transplante. Por meio desse estudo, foi possível observar que o transplante favoreceu a melhoria da qualidade de vida dos pacientes, além disso, pode nortear os profissionais de saúde e os pacientes que vislumbram a realização desse procedimento. (AU)

Chronic kidney disease affects thousands of people and is currently a public health problem. Kidney transplantation is one of the forms of treatment used in order to improve the quality of life of these individuals. This study sought to trace the socio-demographic profile and to understand the significance of kidney transplantation and its impact on quality of life. Participants included 12 transplant patients under outpatient treatment at the public Hospital located in Recife. We used a socio-demographic questionnaire and a semi-structured interview. Most patients were young adults, married, had completed/incomplete secondary education, were Catholic and had been on hemodialysis for up to 5 years. The interviews were categorized as: impact of the diagnosis, hemodialysis limits and restrictions and the freedom of transplantation. Through this study it was possible to observe that the transplant has helped to improve the patients' quality of life and it can also guide healthcare professionals and patients who envisage performing this procedure. (AU)

La enfermedad renal crónica afecta a muchas personas y actualmente se ha convertido en un problema de salud pública. El trasplante renal es una de las formas de tratamiento que busca mejorar la calidad de vida de las mismas. Este estudio buscó trazar un perfil sociodemográfico, y comprender el significado del trasplante renal y su impacto en la calidad de vida. Participaron 12 pacientes trasplantados con seguimiento ambulatorio en el Hospital público ubicado en Recife. Se utilizó un cuestionario sociodemográfico y una entrevista semiestructurada. La mayoría eran jóvenes adultos, con Enseñanza Secundaria completa, casados, católicos y con hasta 5 años de hemodiálisis. Las entrevistas se clasificaron en: impacto de diagnóstico, límites de hemodiálisis, restricciones alimenticias y libertad de trasplante. A través de este estudio se observó que el trasplante ha ayudado a mejorar la calidad de vida de los pacientes y además puede orientar a profesionales de la salud y a los pacientes que preeven la realización de ese procedimiento. (AU)

Sexualidade de candidatos e receptores de transplante de fígado: revisão integrativa da literatura / Sexuality of liver transplantation candidates and recipients: an integrative review of the literature

A doença hepática terminal reduz de forma significativa a qualidade de vida de pacientes e com o transplante do órgão é possível melhorar as condições de saúde. A sexualidade é aspecto central do ser humano durante todo o ciclo vital. É área complexa do comportamento humano, assim a sexualidade de candidatos e receptores de transplante de fígado não deve ser menosprezada. O presente estudo teve como objetivo analisar as evidências disponíveis na literatura sobre as alterações na sexualidade de candidatos e receptores de transplante de fígado. Trata-se de revisão integrativa da literatura: as bases de dados selecionadas para a busca dos estudos primários foram PubMed, CINAHL e LILACS. Os 16 estudos primários incluídos na revisão foram agrupados em três categorias: (1) sexualidade feminina (n=5); (2) sexualidade masculina (n=5) e; (3) sexualidade masculina e feminina (n=6). Na categoria 1, os principais temas de investigação foram contracepção, gravidez, disfunção sexual, presença de sintomas ginecológicos e doença sexualmente transmissível. Na categoria 2, o foco principal dos estudos primários agrupados foi a disfunção erétil e investigou-se também desejo/satisfação sexual e as consequências de homens que tiveram filhos, em regime imunossupressor com ácido mycofenólico. Na categoria 3, a avaliação da função sexual foi o principal tema abordado nas pesquisas analisadas. A sexualidade é problemática desafiadora, revestida por tabus e preconceitos, vivenciada de forma diferente pelos indivíduos. Assim, os pacientes podem apresentar dificuldades em relatar para os profissionais da saúde seus problemas, acarretando atraso do diagnóstico e tratamento, prolongando a sensação de desconforto e sentimento de angústia. A dificuldade em abordar sobre sexualidade também ocorre por parte dos profissionais de saúde que não recebem capacitação adequada. O conhecimento sobre as dúvidas e problemas vivenciados pelos candidatos e receptores de transplante de fígado pode proporcionar a implementação de intervenções direcionadas para prevenção, redução ou controle das complicações no período pré e pós-transplante. O presente estudo forneceu subsídios para encorajar os profissionais de saúde a incorporar a sexualidade na rotina de atendimento destes pacientes, bem como indicou lacunas no conhecimento para a condução de novas pesquisas com o propósito de implementar intervenções na pratica clínica para prevenir, minimizar e/ou controlar as alterações relacionadas à sexualidade do paciente, contribuindo para a melhoria da assistência de enfermagem e, consequentemente, para o sucesso do tratamento

The end-stage liver disease significantly reduces the quality of life of patients. However, with organ transplantation it is possible to improve health conditions. Sexuality is a central aspect of the human being throughout the life cycle. It is a complex area of the human behavior and therefore the sexuality of liver transplant candidates and recipients should not be overlooked. The present study aimed to analyze the evidence available in the literature on the changes in the sexuality of candidates and recipients of liver transplant. This is an integrative literature review, and the databases selected for the search of the primary studies were PubMed, CINAHL and LILACS. The 16 primary studies included in the review were grouped into three categories: (1) female sexuality (n = 5), (2) male sexuality (n = 5) and (3) male and female sexuality (n = 6). In category 1, the main research topics were contraception, pregnancy, sexual dysfunction, presence of gynecological symptoms and sexually transmitted disease. In category 2, the focus of the primary studies grouped was erectile dysfunction, it was also investigated the sexual desire/satisfaction, and the consequences of men who had children under immunosuppressive regimen with mycophenolic acid. In category 3, the evaluation of sexual function was the main topic addressed in the studies analyzed. Sexuality is a challenging problem, enrobed with taboos and prejudices, and experienced differently by individuals. Thus, patients may present difficulties in reporting their problems to health professionals, leading to delays in diagnosis and treatment, prolonging feelings of discomfort and distress. The difficulty in addressing sexuality also occurs on the part of health professionals who do not receive adequate training. Knowledge about the doubts and problems experienced by candidates and recipients of liver transplant can facilitate the implementation of interventions aimed at prevention, reduction or control of complications in the pre- and post-transplantation period. The present study provided subsidies to encourage health professionals to incorporate sexuality in the care routine of these patients, it also indicated gaps in knowledge for the conduct of new research with the purpose of implementing interventions in clinical practice to prevent, minimize and/or to control the changes related to the patient's sexuality, contributing to the improvement of nursing care and, consequently, to the success of the treatment