Description and classification of postpartum chronic pain: A multicentric prospective study.

INTRODUCTION: To classify persistent perineal and pelvic postpartum pain using the classification usually employed in chronic pelvic pain. MATERIAL AND METHOD: Prospective observational study including all women who have consulted an algologist or gynecologist at one of the six French centers for a chronic pain (superior or equal to 3 months) spontaneous linked by the mother with her childbirth were included. During semi-directed interviews, a questionnaire regarding sociodemographic factors and detailed questions about pain were collected. Then, pelvic and perineal pain were classified into 7 pain syndromes: pelvic sensitization (Convergences PP criteria), complex regional pain syndrome (Budapest criteria), pudendal or cluneal neuralgia (Nantes criteria), neuroma, thoraco-lumbar junction syndrome, myofascial pain (muscle trigger zone), fibromyalgia (American College of Rheumatology criteria). The principal objective of this study is to assess the prevalence of each painful disorder. The secondary aims were the description of socio-demographic factors and clinical characteristics of this population, identify the related symptoms and the impact on daily function associated with the chronic pelvic or perineal postpartum pain. RESULTS: 40 women with chronic pelvic or perineal pain spontaneously linked with childbirth were included. 78 % experienced pain for more than 12 months. A large majority had a vaginal birth (95 %) with perineal suture (90 %) and severe acute pain within the first week postpartum (62 %). Postpartum pain impacted participant's sexual activity (80 %), micturition (28 %) and defecation (38 %). In the sample, 17 cases of neuroma, 6 patients with pudendal or cluneal neuralgia, 13 patients with pelvic sensitization and 2 cases of fibromyalgia were identified. Complex regional pain syndrome was diagnosed in 8 patients, and myofascial pain in 11 women, and only 1 patient had thoraco-lumbar junction syndrome. Neuropathic pain was found in 31 participants (77.5 %) according to DN4 criteria. DISCUSSION: The classification scheme proposed in this study may be a very useful tool to investigate postpartum pelvic and perineal pain and to propose a treatment.

Transtornos psiquiátricos na gestação e no puerpério: classificação, diagnóstico e tratamento / Psychiatry disorders in pregnancy and puerperium: classification, diagnosis and treatment

Diversas questões ainda estão em aberto no que se refere a um tema tão amplo quanto a saúde mental das mulheres em período de gestação e puerpério. Por mais contraditório que possa parecer, muitas pacientes apresentam tristeza ou ansiedade em vez de alegria nessas fases de suas vidas. Os limites entre o fisiológico e o patológico podem ser estreitos, o que pode gerar dúvidas em obstetras, clínicos ou psiquiatras. Muitas pacientes também sentem-se culpadas, prejudicando a aderência ao tratamento e a aceitação de uma patologia em uma fase que, em tese, deveria ser de alegria. Nas últimas décadas, estudos têm investigado um pouco mais sobre o tema, mas algumas questões ainda estão em debate: os transtornos puerperais poderiam ser uma manifestação de um transtorno prévio não adequadamente tratado? Seriam a gestação ou o puerpério fatores protetores ou de risco para o desencadeamento de transtornos psiquiátricos? As alterações hormonais que ocorrem nesse período poderiam estar envolvidas na sua etiologia? Quais seriam os principais fatores de risco? Em quais situações seria adequado usar psicofármacos como medida de tratamento? Neste artigo, serão abordadas algumas dessas questões, sobre um tema que ainda precisa ser muito investigado para que tenhamos conclusões mais precisas.

Several questions regarding mental health during the period of pregnancy and puerperium are still open. Even this seems contradictory, many patient present sadness or anxiety instead of joy in these phases of life. The limits between physiological and the pathological one can be narrow, what it may generate doubts in obstetricians, physicians or psychiatrists. Many patients also feel guilty, harming the treatment and the acceptance of her pathology in a phase that theoretically would have to be of joy. Few decades ago till today, there are studies that investigate deeper on this topic, but some questions still are in discussion: the puerperal diseases could be a manifestation of a previous disease not adequately treated? Would be the pregnancy or the puerperium protective factors or risk factors for the psychiatric diseases development? Could be involved in the etiology the hormonal alterations that occur in this period? Which would be the main factors of risk? In which situations it would be adjusted to use medications as treatment? This article has the proposal to discuss some of these questions that are immersed on a topic that is still opening to investigation to let us with more accuracy conclusions.

[Acute puerperal uterine inversion: two cases]. / Inversion utérine puerpérale aiguë: à propos de deux cas.

Acute puerperal inversion is both rare and serious (1/20000 deliveries in France) and may lead to significant morbidity and mortality. Outcome depends on the degree of uterine bleeding and the presence or not of a state of shock. Acute puerperal inversion occurs at the time of placental delivery. Four stages are usually described by degree of exteriorization of the uterus. The diagnosis is essentially clinical. The predisposing factors are hypotonic uterus, fundal implantation of the placenta and placental acretas. 60% of all cases are caused by precipitous manoeuvres including traction on the cord or improper fundal pressure. Once a diagnosis is made immediate measures must be undertaken to assure clinical stability of the mother. Manuel reinversion of the uterus must be done quickly to avoid a cervical stricture that may form within thirty minutes of the inversion making successful manipulation very difficult. Failure or reoccurrence requires surgical treatment either by abdominal or vaginal approach. We report on two cases: one of complete inversion leading to a hysterectomy in order to control bleeding and a second case of incomplete inversion where repositioning was successful.

Internal medical residents' ability to diagnose and characterize major depression.

The purpose of this study was to assess medical residents' knowledge of symptom criteria and subtypes of major depressive episode and their accuracy in diagnosing major depressive disorders and classifying episode severity and subtype according to criteria of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition. Thirty-five third-year internal medicine residents completed a self-administered, written instrument containing 2 open-ended questions and 21 hypothetical scenarios. The sensitivity for recognizing major depressive disorder was 64%, and the specificity was 69%. The sensitivity for classifying severity was 86% for mild, 66% for moderate, 71% for severe, and 66% for severe with psychosis. Misclassification of severity was most commonly to a less severe class. For scenarios with a diagnosable subtype of a major depressive disorder, the sensitivity for classification was 34% for atypical, 51% for catatonic, 74% for melancholic, 100% for postpartum, and 94% for seasonal depression. When asked to enumerate the criteria symptoms for depression, 80% or more of the residents listed sad mood, loss of interest, weight change, and sleep disturbances; 14 to 21 (40%-60%) listed thoughts of death and worthlessness; other criteria were listed by 7 to 11 (20%-31%). When asked to list the episode subtypes, none was listed by more than 3 (9%) residents, although 13 (37%) residents volunteered psychotic as a subtype. Residents frequently failed to recognize the presence or absence of major depressive disorder and often misclassified episode severity and subtype on scenarios. Few could spontaneously list the episode subtypes. Methods must be developed to improve the recognition and classification of major depressive episodes to better direct treatment.

Nutrition and exercise in overweight and obese postpartum women.

This secondary analysis of a longitudinal, nonintervention study describes the nutritional and physical activity behavior of overweight and obese postpartum women and the differences in nutrition and physical activity when participants are evaluated according to four weight categories: underweight, normal weight, overweight, and obese. The sample consisted of 67 postpartal women [40 (60%) African American and 27 (40%) White] who gave birth vaginally to healthy term infants. No differences were present when overweight and obese women were compared with underweight and normal weight women relative to nutrition and physical activity. Nutritional imbalances were present for overweight and obese women relative to protein and fat intake. Overweight and obese postpartum women can be encouraged to lose weight using a nutritionally balanced approach by decreasing fat and protein intake, maintaining an adequate carbohydrate intake, and increasing their folacin intake.

Psicoses puerperais: pesquisa clínico-epidemiológica em sistema de registros de casos informatizado - resultados preliminares / Puerperal psychosis: clinic-epidemiological research

O presente estudo tem por objetivo avaliar as condiçöes peculiares de recuperaçäo de informaçöes sobre psicoses puerperais que näo dispöem de uma categoria específica na vigente CID 9/OMS. Foi desenvolvido um software de busca no bando de dados, através de um sistema de varreduras sucessivas aos diagnósticos possíveis, utilizando-se um algoritmo de decisäo

[Todani type I choledochal cyst--diagnosis and surgical therapy]. / Die Choledochuscyste Typ I nach Todani--Diagnostik und chirurgische Therapie.

Ultrasound, ERC and computed tomography are the main preoperative diagnostic procedures of common bile duct cysts. In individual cases the definitive diagnosis can be confirmed only intraoperatively. The high rate of complications and the risk of carcinoma requires a radical surgical treatment.