Three-dimensional motion analysis of pre- and postoperative thumb movement in trapeziometacarpal joint osteoarthritis-Comparison of arthrodesis and trapeziectomy with suspensionplasty.

Trapeziometacarpal osteoarthritis (TMC-OA) reduces the range of motion (ROM) of the thumb. However, the kinematic change achieved through surgical treatment remains unclear. Therefore, to quantify the kinematic change following TMC-OA surgery, we performed a three-dimensional motion analysis of the thumb using an optical motion capture system preoperatively and 1 year postoperatively in 23 patients with TMC-OA scheduled for arthrodesis (AD) or trapeziectomy with suspensionplasty (TS). Eighteen hands of nine healthy volunteers were also included as controls. Both procedures improved postoperative pain and Disability of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand scores, and AD increased pinch strength. The ROM of the base of the thumb was preserved in AD, which was thought to be due to the appearance of compensatory movements of adjacent joints even if the ROM of the TMC joint was lost. TS did not improve ROM. Quantifying thumb kinematic changes following TMC-OA surgery can improve our understanding of TMC-OA treatment and help select surgical procedures and postoperative assessment.

Arthroscopically Assisted Treatment of Isolated Comminuted Trapezium Fracture: A Report of Two Cases.

CASES: Two competitive athletes with isolated comminuted trapezium fractures, sustained during American football and rugby, presented with pain and swelling of the first metacarpal base. Computed tomography confirmed isolated comminuted trapezium fractures. Arthroscopic reduction of displacement with screw fixation below the articular surface was performed through a small incision. Both patients returned to their preinjury sports levels within 2 months postoperatively. CONCLUSION: Arthroscopic treatment of isolated comminuted trapezium fractures achieved accurate reduction of articular surface displacement and preserved trapeziometacarpal joint stability with minimal soft-tissue invasion. This facilitated an early return to contact sports for the affected athletes.

Mid- and long-term clinical results of the Elektra and Moovis prosthesis for trapeziometacarpal joint replacement.

BACKGROUND: Total joint arthroplasty as a surgical treatment option for trapeziometacarpal joint arthritis is recently revived. The aim of this study is to report on mid- and long-term results of the Elektra (single-mobility) and Moovis (dual-mobility) prosthesis for treatment of primary thumb carpometacarpal joint arthritis. METHODS: In this retrospective, monocentric, descriptive cohort study, 31 prostheses were evaluated that were implanted by a single surgeon in 26 patients between 2009 and 2019. Indication for surgery was trapeziometacarpal joint osteoarthritis (Eaton/Littler Stage II and III). Clinical and radiological follow-up was performed at a minimum of 24 months. The postoperative assessment included range of motion, pain, strength as well as functional scores (DASH, MHQ). Implant survival and complications were the primary endpoints. RESULTS: 10 Elektra and 21 Moovis prostheses were implanted between 2009 and 2019 with a mean follow-up of 74.2 months in the Elektra and 41.4 months in the Moovis group. The average patients' age at surgery was 64 years. Postoperative pain levels (VAS 0-10) were below 2 at rest and under stress in both groups. Grip/pinch strength and range of motion showed results comparable to the contralateral hand. Opposition was excellent with an average Kapandji index of 9.6 in both groups. Elektra achieved slightly better functional scores in the DASH and MHQ score. Satisfaction was high in both groups, and 96% of the patients would recommend the procedure. Metacarpophalangeal hyperextension > 15° was seen in 3 patients per group preoperatively and was corrected to < 5° post-surgery. 3 Elektra prostheses were revised due to cup loosening and dislocation for cup and/or neck replacement or secondary trapeziectomy. 1 Moovis prosthesis was revised with an exchange of the neck to a larger size due to restricted movement. After the mean follow-up of 7.9 years in Elektra and 3.5 years in MOOVIS, cumulative survival was 68.6% vs. 95.2%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: In this mid- to long-term retrospective analysis, total joint arthroplasty in primary trapeziometacarpal joint arthritis results in low pain levels, excellent mobility and clinical function. Patient satisfaction is overall high. While revision due to cup loosening occurred more often in patients with single-mobility implants, no cases of dislocation or loosening of components were observed in the dual-mobility group. TRIAL REGISTRATION: The study was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki, and approved by the Ethics Committee of the Medical Faculty of Heidelberg University, reference number S-150/2020.

Cost-effectiveness and cost-utility of the ball-and-socket trapeziometacarpal prosthesis compared to trapeziectomy and ligament reconstruction: study protocol for a randomized controlled clinical trial.

BACKGROUND: Trapeziometacarpal (TMC) osteoarthritis (OA) is a common cause of pain and weakness during thumb pinch leading to disability. There is no consensus about the best surgical treatment in unresponsive cases. The treatment is associated with costs and the recovery may take up to 1 year after surgery depending on the procedure. No randomized controlled trials have been conducted comparing ball and socket TMC prosthesis to trapeziectomy with ligament reconstruction. METHODS: A randomized, blinded, parallel-group superiority clinical trial comparing trapeziectomy with abductor pollicis longus (APL) arthroplasty and prosthetic replacement with Maïa® prosthesis. Patients, 18 years old and older, with a clinical diagnosis of unilateral or bilateral TMC OA who fulfill the trial's eligibility criteria will be invited to participate. The diagnosis will be made by experienced hand surgeons based on symptoms, clinical history, physical examination, and complementary imaging tests. A total of 106 patients who provide informed consent will be randomly assigned to treatment with APL arthroplasty and prosthetic replacement with Maïa® prosthesis. The participants will complete different questionnaires including EuroQuol 5D-5L (EQ-5D-5L), the Quick DASH, and the Patient Rated Wrist Evaluation (PRWE) at baseline, at 6 weeks, and 3, 6, 12, 24, 36, 48, and 60 months after surgical treatment. The participants will undergo physical examination, range of motion assessment, and strength measure every appointment. The trial's primary outcome variable is the change in the visual analog scale (VAS) from baseline to 12 months. A long-term follow-up analysis will be performed every year for 5 years to assess chronic changes and prosthesis survival rate. The costs will be calculated from the provider's and society perspective using direct and indirect medical costs. DISCUSSION: This is the first randomized study that investigates the effectiveness and cost-utility of trapeziectomy and ligament reconstruction arthroplasty and Maïa prosthesis. We expect the findings from this trial to lead to new insights into the surgical approach to TMC OA. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04562753. Registered on June 15, 2020.

Predicting Contralateral Surgery for Trapeziometacarpal Arthrosis Within 5 Years.

PURPOSE: Symptomatic trapeziometacarpal (TMC) joint arthritis is a common cause of hand pain. It is unknown how many patients ultimately elect to have bilateral surgery for TMC arthritis. In this study, we assessed the frequency and predictive factors for contralateral TMC surgery in patients who underwent prior TMC surgery. METHODS: We identified 712 patients who underwent primary surgery for TMC arthritis with a follow-up period of 5 years. We collected demographic, surgical, and follow-up data. Prediction models for contralateral surgery using a training and testing data set were created with multivariable logistic regression and random forest classifier algorithms. RESULTS: At the time of initial surgery, 230 patients had bilateral thumb pain (32%), but only 153 patients ultimately had an operation for TMC arthritis on the contralateral side within 5 years (21% of 712 total patients and 67% of 230 patients with bilateral pain). Common predictive factors between both models for contralateral surgery were younger age (odds ratio [OR] = 0.95; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.93-0.98), bilateral thumb pain (OR = 3.76; 95% CI, 2.52-5.65), and anxiety disorders (OR = 1.84; 95% CI, 1.11-3.03). CONCLUSIONS: In our study, we found that the rate of contralateral surgery was 21% in patients who underwent prior TMC surgery. Predictive factors for future contralateral surgery included younger age, bilateral thumb pain, and anxiety disorder at the time of initial surgery. TYPE OF STUDY/LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Prognostic II.

Complications of prosthesis versus trapeziectomy in trapeziometacarpal joint arthritis: A systematic review.

OBJECTIVE: Thumb osteoarthritis is a frequent pathology, mainly affecting the elderly. The surgical treatment initially described and having proved its worth is total trapeziectomy. Since the advent of trapeziometacarpal prostheses, several studies showed the non-inferiority of this technique on clinical criteria, with superiority in bone sparing, although neither technique demonstrated overall superiority. We therefore examined the specific complications of each surgical technique by analyzing their nature and prevalence through a review of the literature to compare them on these new parameters. METHODS: Seventy-four of the 320 articles reviewed were included, 38 of which concerned trapeziectomy, and 36 concerned prostheses, for a total of 4,865 patients. They were original studies, involving adults undergoing trapeziometacarpal arthroplasty or trapeziectomy, published after 2015, reporting at least one well-described complication. RESULTS: 6.13% of trapeziectomies presented severe complications (in particular thumb collapse and metacarpophalangeal hyperextension), 3.31% moderate complications and 1.90% minor complications, leading to a 2.0% revision rate. 23.88% of prostheses had severe complications (loosening, dislocation and wear), 5.06% moderate complications and 1.36% minor complications, leading to a 12.8% revision rate. In addition, we analyzed more recent prosthesis designs separately, and found lower prevalence of severe complications (16.56%) and revision surgery (4.3%). CONCLUSION: Revision surgery for trapeziometacarpal prostheses is usually only a standard trapeziectomy with the same follow-up as first-line trapeziectomy, whereas revision surgery for trapeziectomies is much more complex and the results are uncertain. For this reason, we would reserve total trapeziectomy for revision surgeries and patients with low functional demand for whom a second surgery is not desirable. Further studies could confirm this attitude, especially focusing on the latest generation of dual mobility implants.

Basal thumb arthritis surgery: complications and its management.

The management of complications after surgery for basal thumb arthritis is sometimes challenging, and there are no clear recommendations on how to evaluate and manage patients with residual symptoms. The aim of the present article was to review the most common complications after surgery for basal thumb arthritis, with an emphasis on resection arthroplasty, joint replacement and joint fusion. In addition, possible management strategies for the different types of complications will be highlighted.

Influence of the anatomy of the proximal articular surface of the trapezium (PAST) and the trapezoidal articular surface of the trapezium (TRAST) in cup placement during trapeziometacarpal arthroplasty.

The influence of the anatomy of the proximal articular surface of the trapezium (PAST) and the trapezoidal articular surface of the trapezium (TRAST) on cup placement during trapeziometacarpal arthroplasty was retrospectively evaluated on 56 preoperative anteroposterior radiographs of patients who underwent surgery for trapeziometacarpal osteoarthritis. The percentage coverage of the prosthetic cup by the PAST and the available height of the trapezium were calculated. In 39% of cases, there was a significant difference (up to a mean 4.5 mm, p < 0.001) between the radial height of the trapezium (which is usually considered) and the available height of the trapezium. The anatomy of the PAST and the TRAST has an impact on the placement of the prosthetic cup when trapezium height is low. The results of the present study suggest that these considerations must be known by all operators performing trapeziometacarpal arthroplasty; that lateralization, implant suspension, or surgical alternatives should be considered to prevent several intra- and postoperative surgical complications. Level of evidence: IV.

Does trapezium remodeling correlate with cup shape?

We investigated whether trapezium bone reaction was different following implantation of a trapeziometacarpal total joint replacement with a hemispheric or a conical cup. Fifty-three Keri Medical Touch implants with hemispheric cup and 53 with conical cup were prospectively followed up radiographically. We compared radiographs taken immediately and one year after surgery for cup subsidence, tilt, heterotopic ossification and loosening. Cup subsidence of at least 1 mm was detected in 4% of cases for both cup types. Additive bone reaction around the cup of more than 1 mm was present in 62% of conical cups and 47% of hemispheric cups. These were minor and there were no large ossifications with risk of impingement. Minor radiolucency was seen superficially at the implant-bone interface of 13% of the hemispheric cups and 9% of the conical cups. None of these bone reactions differed significantly according to cup design.

The BioPro Thumb Carpometacarpal Hemiarthroplasty: Case Series and Surgical Technique.

Thumb carpometacarpal (CMC) osteoarthritis is painful and debilitating. Here, we explore outcomes of a modular, press-fit thumb CMC hemiarthroplasty prosthesis (BioPro). This surgical option permits minimal bone resection, sparing the trapezium, hence allowing revision options if necessary. A retrospective review of all cases of the modular thumb CMC implants performed at one community US center between 2018 and 2021 were included and invited for email or telephone review. Electronic records were examined for demographics, patient outcomes, and morbidity. Eleven patients underwent 11 thumb CMC joint hemiarthroplasties, mean age was 64.8 years (SD: 7.68 y), with 6 females. Six received surgery on their dominant extremity. Two were manual workers (both in the medical field), 6 office-based, 2 retired, and 1 homemaker. The preoperative median pain score (Visual Analog Score) was 8/10 (range: 5 to 10), reducing to 1/10 (range: 1 to 10) ( P =0.000033) with a median follow-up of 23 months (range: 13 to 39 mo). In all, 8/11 patients reported they would recommend this surgery to friends and family and opt for the same surgery on their contralateral hand if necessary. One patient reported persistent pain a year postoperatively. On review, the head of the implant was placed too deep into the trapezium. Another center found that this patient had a postoperative trapezium fracture and underwent revision with implant removal and conversion to a suspension arthroplasty. At 12 months, 10/11 thumb CMC hemiarthroplasty showed good pain relief, function, and patient satisfaction. The BioPro has a low risk of subluxation and allows salvage options to remain available should failure occur.

Scaphometacarpal arthroplasty with a TOUCH® prosthesis: feasibility and biomechanical impact in a cadaver model.

In this cadaveric study, we compared the performance of the TOUCH® dual mobility trapeziometacarpal prosthesis implanted sequentially in the trapeziometacarpal joint and scaphometacarpal joint. Intraprosthetic mobility, implant dislocation, intraprosthetic impingement and the effect on scaphoid position were evaluated in six hands using radiographic measurements. The standard necks of 6-10 mm were used for trapeziometacarpal arthroplasty. Scaphometacarpal arthroplasty after trapeziectomy was technically feasible but required specially designed prosthetic necks 12-26 mm in length. Compared to trapeziometacarpal arthroplasty, scaphometacarpal arthroplasty increased the intraprosthetic mobility by 7%-39%. While no complications occurred with trapeziometacarpal arthroplasty, there were two instances of implant dislocation and seven instances of intraprosthetic impingement with scaphometacarpal arthroplasty. Unlike trapeziometacarpal arthroplasty, scaphometacarpal arthroplasty altered scaphoid position by translating it in an ulnar and proximal direction relative to the radius.

Carpal fractures: epidemiology, classification and treatment of 6542 fractures from the Swedish Fracture Registry.

This study describes the age and sex distribution, trauma mechanism, treatment and influence of patient-reported outcomes of 6542 carpal fractures from the Swedish Fracture Registry (SFR). The most commonly fractured carpal bone was the scaphoid (60%), followed by the triquetrum (25%), hamate (5%) and trapezium (4%). The mean age at injury was 41 years, and 69% of patients were male. The age and sex distribution of carpal fractures differed substantially between the different carpal bones. Men were more likely to sustain a carpal fracture after high-energy trauma and were more likely to be treated surgically. Carpal fractures had a small negative effect on the Short Musculoskeletal Function Assessment Hand/Arm Index and EQ-5D scores 1 year after the injury.Level of evidence: IV.

Trapezium Tunnel Syndrome.

The trapezium tunnel is situated on the lateral side of the carpal tunnel, lined with synovial tissue, and accommodates the flexor carpi radialis tendon. Trapezium tunnel syndrome is characterized by flexor carpi radialis tendinitis/peritendinitis and may lead to complicated clinical scenarios, such as flexor carpi radialis tendon rupture and the formation of primary or recurrent ganglion cysts on the volar radial side of the wrist and thenar area. Notably, the simultaneous presence of trapezium tunnel syndrome might contribute to unsuccessful outcomes in carpal tunnel surgeries. Trapezium tunnel syndrome may arise from either intrinsic or extrinsic factors. The entity of trapezium tunnel syndrome has attracted a low index of clinical suspicion because the other causes of radial side wrist pain that are more prevalent and frequent. We present a narrative review of this condition in an endeavor to heighten awareness and clinical suspicion of trapezium tunnel syndrome.

Thumb basal joint arthritis in 2023.

Thumb carpometacarpal or basal joint arthritis is the second most common location for osteoarthritis in the hand. It mainly affects women over 50years of age. Basal joint arthritis causes pain, loss of strength during pinch grips, and eventually stiffness and progressive deformity of the thumb column. Conservative treatment must be implemented first. It aims to spare the joint by using standardized methods. It must be initiated as soon as pain starts, not once the deformity has settled in. There is broad agreement that surgery is indicated when pain relief is not achieved after at least 6months of conservative treatment. The available surgical techniques can be classified as joint-sparing (extra-articular) and joint-sacrificing (intra-articular). The former consists of trapeziometacarpal stabilizing ligament reconstruction, subtraction osteotomy of the first metacarpal and thumb carpometacarpal denervation. The latter consists of trapeziometacarpal fusion, trapeziectomy (and its variants) and implant arthroplasty. Except in very specific cases, trapeziectomy and trapeziometacarpal implant arthroplasty with a total joint prosthesis or an interposition implant are the two main surgical techniques for treating basal joint arthritis. After reviewing the pathophysiology and the diagnosis of thumb basal joint arthritis, we will provide an overview of the available treatment options, with emphasis on the accepted surgical strategies in 2023. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: III.

Management of Scaphotrapeziotrapezoid Osteoarthritis: A Critical Analysis Review.

¼ The scaphotrapeziotrapezoid (STT) joint is a common location of degenerative osteoarthritis (OA) in the wrist.¼ STT OA may occur in isolation or with concomitant thumb carpometacarpal joint (CMCJ) OA or scapholunate advanced collapse (SLAC) and other wrist OA patterns.¼ Nonoperative management strategies include activity modification, bracing, anti-inflammatory medications, occupational therapy, and injections.¼ Surgical treatment may be determined by whether the STT OA occurs in isolation or with concomitant thumb CMCJ or SLAC OA and includes STT arthrodesis, distal scaphoid excision with or without interposition or implant arthroplasty, trapeziectomy with proximal trapezoid excision, four-corner fusion in combination with scaphoid/radial column excision, and proximal row carpectomy.

Primary trapeziectomy with Regjoint(TM), a poly-L/D-lactide spacer, a two-year follow-up study with new radiological assessment tool.

The aim of this retrospective study was to evaluate the potential bony erosion and the clinical and radiological results of primary trapeziectomy with RegjointTM interposition, in patients with peritrapezial arthritis. Data were recorded on twenty patients over a period of two years (January 2015-December 2016). On average 24 months, patients were reconvened for a post-operative evaluation (subjective evaluation of pain, function and patient satisfaction; clinical evaluation with strength and mobility measures; post-operative X-rays). On X-rays, 2 criteria were evaluated: the bony erosion and the shortening of the thumb column (trapezium+metacarpal height measure, ratio between first and second metacarpal bones, a new radiological assessment tool based on a trapezoid relationship gradation). In most patients, surgery relieved pain and offered good functional results, according to the Quick Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand scale. Following surgery, our patients showed a subjective improvement, both in terms of pain and functional results. For plain X-ray, only 3 patients showed an osteolytic lesion (maximum of 2.8 millimeters) on the first metacarpal base. A statistically significant reduction in the thumb column height was generally observed on follow-up X-rays. However, all of these radiologic changes were present without any clinical impact. We show that the RegjointTM spacer is an available alternative in the surgical treatment of peritrapezial arthritis. We did not highlight any significant associated complications, no important adverse tissue reaction or bone erosion, no pain or functional disorder. Type of study/level of evidence Therapeutic IV.

Targeted partial arthroscopic trapeziectomy with temporary distraction: a retrospective study with 5-year follow-up.

Targeted partial arthroscopic trapeziectomy with temporary distraction is a minimally invasive treatment for trapeziometacarpal osteoarthritis. We performed a retrospective single centre study from March 2011 to May 2022 and included patients with at least 5 years of follow-up. A failure was defined as a patient requiring a second procedure. Of the 28 patients with at least 5 years of follow-up, 23 were reviewed. Five of the 23 patients underwent revision surgery with a 5-year survival rate of 78%. There was a significant improvement in pain and the Quick Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand (Q-DASH) score. There were three postoperative complications, one with complex regional pain syndrome, and two with hyperesthesia in the distribution of the sensory branch of the radial nerve. Targeted partial arthroscopic trapeziectomy with temporary distraction is a feasible temporary solution for early stage trapeziometacarpal joint osteoarthritis. However, there remains a 20% risk of failure.Level of evidence: IV.

Is increased trapezial slope a cause of early trapeziometacarpal osteoarthritis?

OBJECTIVES: Thumb carpometacarpal joint osteoarthritis is one of the most common forms of osteoarthritis in the hand. The underlying causes are multifactorial. We investigated whether increased trapezial slope could be a causal factor. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We measured trapezial slope and 1st metacarpal slope in 37 patients with early thumb carpometacarpal joint osteoarthritis and compared results with 41 patients without osteoarthritis, using computer-supported 3D-analysis based on CT scans. RESULTS: There was a significant intergroup difference in trapezial slope (111° in patients with osteoarthritis, and 107° in patients without) and in 1st metacarpal slope (17° versus 14°). CONCLUSION: Steeper trapezial slope seemed to be a risk factor for thumb carpometacarpal joint osteoarthritis. Therefore, correction of trapezial slope by trapezium osteotomy could be a valuable surgical approach in early thumb carpometacarpal joint osteoarthritis.

Carpometacarpal Joint Pathology in the Thumb and Hand: Evaluation and Management of Difficult Conditions.

Thumb carpometacarpal arthroplasty with complete trapeziectomy with or without suspensionplasty, ligament reconstruction, and/or tendon interposition is largely considered equivalent techniques in providing pain relief and improving function for patients with thumb carpometacarpal arthritis. In cases of continued pain, instability, and dysfunction following an index surgery, one must first identify the cause of failure. Any options for revision surgery depend on addressing the specific cause of persistent symptoms with awareness of available options. Most of the patients undergoing revision surgeries can achieve good to fair outcomes.