Perioperative Dental Injury Associated With Intubated General Anesthesia.

OBJECTIVE: Factors related to perioperative dental injury have likely changed as a variety of airway devices and preventive measures have been introduced. This retrospective chart review used data from an institutional registry to evaluate the incidence, timing, and contributing factors of patient self-reported dental injury and to assess the impact of dental injury on patient satisfaction. METHODS: Multivariate logistic analysis was performed on the records of 14,820 patients using the incidence of dental injury as the dependent variable and covariates in the anesthesia registry and a postoperative questionnaire as independent variables to investigate factors significantly associated perioperative dental injury. In addition, satisfaction with the anesthesia service was compared between patients with and without injury using a matched-pair population. RESULTS: A total of 101 dental injuries were identified. Of those, 25% were associated with intubation and extubation in the operating room, while most other injuries occurred postoperatively. Duration of anesthesia (odds ratio [OR], 1.02; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.00-1.03) and emergency surgery (OR, 1.92; 95% CI, 1.11-3.30) were independently associated with perioperative dental injury. Dental injury did not significantly decrease a patient's satisfaction with the anesthesia service (P = .441). CONCLUSION: Most perioperative dental injuries are unrelated to anesthesia procedures. However, the duration of anesthesia and emergency surgery were significantly associated with perioperative dental injury, while decreased patient satisfaction was not.

Nivel de información sobre protectores bucales y avulsión dentaria en entrenadores deportivos / Level of information on oral protectors and dental avulsion in sport trainers

Introducción: La práctica deportiva conlleva un alto riesgo de traumatismos dentoalveolares, por lo que es necesario que los entrenadores y deportistas conozcan sobre el uso adecuado de los protectores bucales y el procedimiento de urgencia ante la aparición de un trauma dental. Objetivo: Determinar el nivel de información sobre protectores bucales y avulsión dentaria en entrenadores deportivos. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo de corte transversal, durante el mes de febrero de 2020, en la Escuela de Iniciación Deportiva Escolar Provincial Lino Salabarría Pupo de Sancti Spíritus. Para ello se seleccionó una muestra probabilística, representativa y aleatoria de 25 entrenadores de los deportes de combate y juego con pelotas, a los cuales se le aplicó una encuesta estructurada sobre protectores bucales y avulsión dentaria. Resultados: Entre los integrantes de la serie, 76 % eran universitarios y 52 % poseían más de 10 años de experiencia profesional. Asimismo, se obtuvo que 88 % recomendaran el uso del protector bucal a sus deportistas, pero la mayoría desconocía sus características, funciones y tipos, así como la conducta a seguir ante la ocurrencia de una avulsión dentaria. Conclusiones: El nivel de información sobre protectores bucales y avulsión dentaria en los entrenadores deportivos fue deficiente, lo que demostró que es necesaria la educación en dicho tema. De hecho, los estomatólogos tienen la tarea de realizar campañas para incentivar y educar en el uso de los protectores bucales y en el procedimiento correcto de urgencia si ocurriera un trauma dentoalveolar.

Introduction: The sport practice bears a high risk of dentoalveolar trauma, reason why it is necessary that trainers and sportsmen know on the appropriate use of oral protectors and the emergency procedure in view of the emergence of a dental trauma. Objective: To determine the level of information on oral protectors and dental avulsion in sport trainers. Methods: A descriptive and cross-sectional study was carried out during February, 2020, in the Lino Salabarría Pupo Provincial Initiation Sport School in Sancti Spíritus. A probabilistic, representative and random sample of 25 trainers from combat sports and ball games was selected, to whom an structured survey on oral protectors and dental avulsion was applied. Results: Among the members of the series, 76 % were university students and 52 % had more than 10 years of professional experience. Also, it was obtained that 88 % recommended the use of the oral protector to their sportsmen, but most of them ignored its characteristics, functions and types, as well as the way to behave considering the occurrence of a dental avulsion. Conclusions: The level of information on oral protectors and dental avulsion in the sport trainers was poor, what demonstrated that the education on this topic is necessary. In fact, dentists have the task of carrying out campaigns to motivate and educate in the use of oral protectors and in the correct emergency procedure in case a dentoalveolar trauma happened.

Delayed onset of tooth decay in a routine pediatric adenotonsillectomy.

Adenotonsillectomy is a common pediatric surgical procedure with a well-defined safety profile. Major complications from this procedure include bleeding/hemorrhage, infection, pain leading to dehydration, and airway obstruction or edema. Though rare, oral endotracheal intubation and oral retractor placement may result in injuries to the teeth and the surrounding soft tissue. We describe a rare case of delayed tooth decay in a 3-year-old female following an otherwise routine adenotonsillectomy.

Prevention and Management of Dental Trauma in Primary Teeth in the Context of the COVID-19: A Critical Literature Review

ABSTRACT Objective: To evaluate and discuss the prevention and management of dental trauma in primary teeth during the COVID-19 pandemic. Material and Methods: Critic literature review, searching electronic databases and Google for articles and guidelines published in English that described prevention and management of dental trauma in primary dentition during the pandemic of COVID-19. Results: 5 publications regarding management and 1 leaflet about prevention for parents were identified. Urgent care is required when the child presents tooth fracture resulting in pain or causing soft tissue trauma and luxation affecting bite. Avulsed teeth should not be replanted and advice and self-help may be sufficient in some situations. Instructions about soft diet and hygiene must be provided. Remote consults are recommended for non-urgent situations and during follow-up to evaluate the presence of sequelae. Aerosol generating procedures should be avoided and, in cases of poor prognosis, extraction is recommended to prevent recurring visits to the dental office. Conclusion: During COVID-19 pandemic, remote consults should be recommended to evaluate traumatic dental injuries in primary dentition. Follow-up should not be neglected and may be performed through remote consultation.

Effect of First Aid Management of Dental Avulsion Posters on Primary School Teachers Knowledge

Abstract Objective: To investigate the effect of deploying a "First Aid Management of Dental Avulsion" poster in a primary school setting to improve teachers' knowledge. Material and Methods: The present study was conducted at public primary schools in central Jakarta, with 54 teachers meeting the inclusion criteria. The questionnaire contained 13 questions, divided into two sections. The first section consisted of questions about sex, age, education, length of service, field of education, and whether the teacher had received first aid management education before. The second section consisted of 7 questions about the teacher's knowledge regarding dental avulsion and its management. Baseline knowledge was defined by using a questionnaire and then teachers were shown the educational poster covering the first aid management of dental avulsion. Next, the teachers answered a post-education questionnaire, which included the same questions as the first questionnaire. A paired t-test or Wilcoxon's signed-rank test was used based on the distribution of data to determine the significance of the differences between before and after education. Results: The median score before reading the poster was 5, while the median score after reading it was 10. The difference was statistically significant. Conclusion: "First Aid Management of Dental Avulsion" poster could improve the knowledge of primary school teachers in Jakarta.

Odontología deportiva y prevención de trauma dentoalveolar / Sports dentistry and prevention of dentoalveolar traumas

La odontología deportiva es la rama de la medicina deportiva que se ocupa de la prevención y el tratamiento de las lesiones bucodentales y las enfermedades orales asociadas al deporte y el ejercicio. Por lo que se hace necesario la intervención de profesionales de la salud bucodental para hacer evaluaciones del deportista y el deporte que practica para ver los riesgos que puede tener de desarrollar y sufrir lesiones bucodentales como traumas dentoalveolares y lesiones no cariosas. Y de este modo realizar las recomendaciones a cada paciente que practica deporte, de los elementos que deben usar como equipamiento bucodental para evitar o reducir el daño dentoalveolar (AU)

Sports dentistry is the branch of sports medicine that deals with the prevention and treatment of oral injuries and oral diseases associated with sports and exercise. Therefore it is necessary the intervention of oral health professionals to make evaluations of the athlete and the sport he practices to see the risks that may have to develop and suffer oral injuries such as dentoalveolar trauma and non-carious lesions. And in this way make the recommendations to each patient who practices sports, of the elements that should be used as oral equipment to avoid or reduce dentoalveolar damage (AU)

Comparison of forces acting on maxillary incisors during tracheal intubation with different laryngoscopy techniques: a blinded manikin study.

Dental trauma is a common complication of tracheal intubation. As existing evidence is insufficient to validly assess the impact of different laryngoscopy techniques on the incidence of dental trauma, the force exerted onto dental structures during tracheal intubation was investigated. An intubation manikin was equipped with hidden force sensors in all maxillary incisors. Dental force was measured while 104 anaesthetists performed a series of tracheal intubations using direct laryngoscopy with a Macintosh blade, and videolaryngoscopy with a C-MAC® , or the hyperangulated GlideScope® or KingVision® laryngoscopes in both normal and difficult airway conditions. A total of 624 tracheal intubations were analysed. The median (IQR [range]) peak force of direct laryngoscopy in normal airways was 21.1 (14.0-32.8 [2.3-127.6]) N and 29.3 (17.7-44.8 [3.3-97.2]) N in difficult airways. In normal airways, these were lower with the GlideScope and KingVision hyperangulated laryngoscopes, with a reduction of 4.6 N (p = 0.006) and 10.9 N (p < 0.001) compared with direct laryngoscopy, respectively. In difficult airways, these were lower with the GlideScope and KingVision hyperangulated laryngoscopes, with a reduction of 9.8 N (p < 0.001) and 17.6 N (p < 0.001) compared with direct laryngoscopy, respectively. The use of the C-MAC did not have an impact on the median peak force. Although sex of anaesthetists did not affect peak force, more experienced anaesthetists generated a higher peak force than less experienced providers. We conclude that hyperangulated videolaryngoscopy was associated with a significantly decreased force exerted on maxillary incisors and might reduce the risk for dental injury in clinical settings.

Knowledge of paediatric patients and their guardians about mouth guards

Introduction: Mouth guards are devices used to prevent injuries during sports activities. Objective: The aim of this study is to evaluate the knowledge of paediatric patients and their guardians about mouth guards. Methods: Paediatric patients from 9 to 15 years old and their guardians who sought care in the Paediatric Clinic of the Dentistry School were invited to participate. Their knowledge about mouth guards was collected through a two-part questionnaire with open and closed ended questions. The first part of the questionnaire contained sociodemographic questions and a main question about what a mouth guard is. The second part was solely about mouth guards and was applied immediately after an explanation about mouth guards at the end of the first part. All data collected were tabulated and analysed descriptively. Results: A total of 122 guardians were interviewed; 39.3% had children who practised some type of sports activity and 32% reported a trauma episode. Most (54.9%) did not know what a mouth guard was but, after explanation, 57.4% had seen someone using one. A total of 33 paediatric patients were interviewed, 60.6% of whom practised some sport; 27.3% of these had already suffered some type of dental trauma during the activity. None of the interviewees used a mouth guard during their sports activity, although 97% believed that using a mouth guard was important and 78.8% believed that the protector did not interfere with the activity. Conclusion: Guardians and paediatric patients have little knowledge about mouth guards.

Introdução: Os protetores bucais são usados para prevenir lesões durante atividades esportivas. Objetivo: O objetivo deste estudo é avaliar o conhecimento sobre os protetores bucais dos pacientes pediátricos e seus responsáveis. Métodos: Pacientes pediátricos de 9 a 15 anos, que procuraram atendimento na Clínica Pediátrica da Faculdade de Odontologia e seus responsáveis foram convidados a participar. Seu conhecimento sobre protetores bucais foi coletado através de um questionário em duas partes com perguntas abertas e fechadas. A primeira parte do questionário continha algumas questões sociodemográficas e uma questão principal sobre o que é um protetores bucais. A segunda parte era apenas sobre protetores bucais e foi aplicada imediatamente após uma explicação sobre os protetores bucais no final da primeira parte. Todos os dados coletados foram tabulados e analisados de forma descritiva. Resultado: Um total de 122 guardiões foram entrevistados, 39.3% tiveram crianças que praticavam algum tipo de atividade esportiva e 32% relataram um episódio de trauma. A maioria (54.9%) não sabia o que é um protetor bucal, mas após a explicação, 57.4% tinham visto alguém usando um. Um total de 33 pacientes pediátricos foram entrevistados, 60.6% praticaram algum esporte e 27.3% deles já sofreram algum tipo de trauma dental durante a atividade. Nenhum dos entrevistados usa um protetor bucal durante a atividade esportiva, embora 97% acreditem que usar um protetor bucal é importante e 78.8% acreditam que o protetor não interfere com a atividade. Conclusão: Em conclusão, os guardiões e pacientes pediátricos têm pouco conhecimento sobre os protetores bucais.

Protector bucal por laminado a presión en paciente deportista / Pressure lamination technique mouthguard for athlete patient

RESUMEN: El traumatismo dentoalveolar incluye un conjunto de lesiones que afectan a los dientes y/o estructuras de soporte a consecuencia de un impacto violento directo o indirecto. Debido a que por lo general comprometen el sector anterior generan cambios físicos, fonéticos, psicológicos y dietarios, que pueden afectar significativamente la calidad de vida de pacientes afectados por este traumatismo. Los protectores bucales son considerados la principal medida para minimizar y/o evitar estos traumatismos. El presente artículo describe el tratamiento y procedimientos para realizar un protector bucal por laminado a presión en un paciente deportista con historia previa de traumatismo dentoalveolar en incisivos centrales superiores.

ABSTRACT: Traumatic dental injuries involve lesions that affect teeth and/or adjacent supporting structures as a consequence of direct or indirect violent impact. Due to As it affects the anterior teeth, in most of the cases, it provokes changes in the physical appearance, altering phonetics, psychology and the diet of the affected subject. These changes may significantly alter the quality of life of patients affected by this type of trauma. Mouthguards are considered the primary appliance for minimizing and/or avoiding dental trauma. The present article describes the treatment and procedures to perform a mouthguard by pressure lamination technique in a patient that who practices sports and with a history of trauma affecting the upper central incisors.

Comparison of two preoperative protocols for mandibular symphyseal distraction osteogenesis to reduce the risk of tooth damage.

Two techniques to separate the lower incisors prior to mandibular symphyseal distraction osteogenesis (MSDO) were evaluated with respect to avoiding tooth damage. METHODS: Fifty patients (20.2 ± 7.0 years) requiring MSDO were treated with a tooth-borne appliance by utilizing two preoperative protocols to separate the central incisors: i) brackets and a V-bent wire with an open coil spring (two-step; TS; n = 24) and ii) a wire attached from the appliance to the central incisors with subsequent dento-alveolar expansion prior to surgery (one-step; OS; n = 26). The distance between the lower incisors was measured preoperatively on radiographs and measurements at the cast models were performed. Complications and radiographs were analyzed. RESULTS: The mean distance (±SD) between the lower central incisors for OS and TS prior to surgery was 3.44 ± 1.05 and 3.18 ± 1.13 mm, respectively. The mean expansion for OS and TS was 4.3 ± 2.9 and 4.3 ± 2.7 mm at the dental level and 3.8 ± 3.2 and 4.0 ± 2.1 mm at the bone level, respectively. Four patients undergoing the TS and one patient undergoing the OS showed transient dental complications. CONCLUSION: Pre-surgical dento-alveolar expansion by utilizing a one-step technique to separate the lower central incisors reduces the risk of permanent tooth damage and weakens the mandibular bone in the midline.

Nivel de conocimientos en pacientes con traumatismo dental / Level of knowledge in patients with dental trauma

Introducción: el traumatismo de los dientes es uno de los accidentes más dramáticos que le suceden a una persona y su frecuencia en la clínica odontológica es cada día mayor, por lo que se requieren conocimientos en la población para su manejo inmediato y adecuado. Objetivo: determinar el nivel de conocimientos de pacientes con traumatismos dentales. Materiales y Métodos: se realizó un estudio descriptivo y transversal en la población del Área de Salud Pueblo Nuevo, Policlínico Docente “Carlos Verdugo” en el período comprendido del 2009 al 2014. La población estudiada fueron los pacientes que acudieron a consulta de urgencia, con traumatismos en dientes anteriores (215 pacientes), previo consentimiento informado. Resultados: mayor afectación del sexo masculino (65,1 %), así como mayor frecuencia de traumatismos en dientes permanentes que en dientes temporales. La escuela y el estomatólogo fueron las principales fuentes de información acerca del tema (7 % en ambos casos). El nivel de conocimientos que predominó fue el bajo (83,7 %), la población considera que se puede esperar días, como el criterio de actuación ante un trauma dentario. Conclusiones: predominó el sexo masculino, el traumatismo dental fue más frecuente en edades de 4 hasta 11 años y en dientes permanentes. Las fuentes de información reconocidas fueron el estomatólogo y la escuela. Se apreció un desconocimiento general, sobre todo en el manejo inmediato de esta afección (AU).

Introduction: dental trauma is one of the most dramatic accidents a person can suffer and its frequency in dental clinic is higher and higher; therefore it is required the population knowledge on its immediately and adequate handling. Aim: to determine the knowledge level of patients with dental trauma. Materials and methods: a descriptive, cross-sectional study was carried out in the population of Pueblo Nuevo Health Area, Teaching Policlinic "Carlos Verdugo", in the period from 2009 to 2014. Results: male sex was the most affected one (65.1 %), and the frequency of trauma in permanent teeth was higher than in deciduous ones. School and dentist were the main information sources on the theme (7 % in both cases). The predominant knowledge level was low (83.7 %). Population considers that waiting several days could be the behavioural criteria in the case of dental trauma. Conclusions: male sex was the predominant one; dental trauma was more frequent in 4-11 years age. The recognized information sources were the dentist and school. A general lack of knowledge was appreciated, above all in the immediate handling of the affection (AU).

Design and validation of an oral health questionnaire for preoperative anaesthetic evaluation / Projeto e validação de um questionário de saúde oral para avaliação pré-anestésica no pré-operatório

Abstract Background and objectives: Dental injuries incurred during endotracheal intubation are more frequent in patients with previous oral pathology. The study objectives were to develop an oral health questionnaire for preanaesthesia evaluation, easy to apply for personnel without special dental training; and establish a cut-off value for detecting persons with poor oral health. Methods: Validation study of a self-administered questionnaire, designed according to a literature review and an expert group's recommendations. The questionnaire was applied to a sample of patients evaluated in a preanaesthesia consultation. Rasch analysis of the questionnaire psychometric properties included viability, acceptability, content validity and reliability of the scale. Results: The sample included 115 individuals, 50.4% of men, with a median age of 58 years (range: 38-71). The final analysis of 11 items presented a Person Separation Index of 0.861 and good adjustment of data to the Rasch model. The scale was unidimensional and its items were not biased by sex, age or nationality. The oral health linear measure presented good construct validity. The cut-off value was set at 52 points. Conclusions: The questionnaire showed sufficient psychometric properties to be considered a reliable tool, valid for measuring the state of oral health in preoperative anaesthetic evaluations.

Resumo Justificativa e objetivo: As lesões dentárias que ocorrem durante a intubação traqueal são mais frequentes em pacientes com patologia oral prévia. O objetivo do estudo foi desenvolver um questionário de saúde bucal para avaliação no período pré-anestesia, de fácil aplicação por pessoal sem formação odontológica, e estabelecer um valor de corte para detectar pessoas com má saúde bucal. Métodos: Estudo de validação de um questionário autoadministrado, projetado de acordo com uma revisão da literatura e recomendações de um grupo de especialistas. O questionário foi aplicado a uma amostra de pacientes avaliados em uma consulta pré-anestesia. A análise Rasch das propriedades psicométricas do questionário incluiu viabilidade, aceitabilidade, validade de conteúdo e confiabilidade da escala. Resultados: A amostra incluiu 115 indivíduos, 50,4% de homens, com mediana de 58 anos (variação: 38-71). A análise final dos 11 itens apresentou um índice de separação dos indivíduos de 0,861 e um bom ajuste dos dados ao modelo de Rasch. A escala foi unidimensional e seus itens não foram influenciados por sexo, idade ou nacionalidade. A medida linear da saúde bucal apresentou boa validade de constructo. O valor de corte foi fixado em 52 pontos. Conclusões: O questionário mostrou propriedades psicométricas suficientes para ser considerado uma ferramenta confiável, válida para medir o estado de saúde bucal nas avaliações pré-anestesia antes da operação.

School Environment and Dentoalveolar Trauma in Public Schools of Xaxim, Brazil

Objective: To assess the environment of elementary public schools of Xaxim, SC, Brazil, targeting the prevention of dental trauma. Material and Methods: All thirteen public schools in the city of Xaxim had their physical structure assessed concerning the conditions of floors, windows, stairs, capacity, type of surface of the schoolyard, number of supervisors during recess, and social inclusion. The social environment was assessed through the application of the Brazilian National School-Based Health Survey (PeNSE) to either school principals or educational coordinators. Regarding the social environment, areas for student physical activities, episodes of violence (swearing, physical and verbal aggression), and cases of robbery and theft in the school environment were assessed. Data were analyzed by descriptive statistics. Results: Situations considered of risk for the occurrence of accidents and dental trauma were identified. Most schools presented episodes of swearing and fights among students, as well as inadequate physical environment. Conclusion: Both social and physical environments were favorable to the occurrence of dental trauma; however, studies that establish this relationship in a deeper fashion are still necessary.

Tooth injury in anaesthesiology / Lesão dentária na anestesiologia

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Dental injury is the most common complication of general anaesthesia and has significant physical, economic and forensic consequences. The aim of this study is to review on the characteristics of dental injury associated with anaesthesiology and existing methods of prevention. CONTENTS: In this review, the time of anaesthesia in which the dental injury occurs, the affected teeth, the most frequent type of injury, established risk factors, prevention strategies, protection devices and medico-legal implications inherent to its occurrence are approached. CONCLUSIONS: Before initiating any medical procedure that requires the use of classic laryngoscopy, a thorough and detailed pre-aesthetic evaluation of the dental status of the patient is imperative, in order to identify teeth at risk, analyze the presence of factors associated with difficult intubation and outline a prevention strategy that is tailored to the risk of dental injury of each patient.

JUSTIFICATIVA E OBJETIVOS: A lesão dentária é a complicação mais comum da anestesia geral e apresenta importantes consequências físicas, econômicas e médico-legais. O objetivo deste estudo é fazer uma revisão sobre as características da lesão dentária associada a anestesiologia e os métodos de prevenção existentes. CONTEÚDO: Nesta revisão são abordados o momento da anestesia em que a lesão dentária ocorre, os dentes acometidos, o tipo de lesão mais frequente, os fatores de risco estabelecidos, as estratégias de prevenção, os dispositivos de proteção e as implicações médico-legais inerentes à sua ocorrência. CONCLUSÕES: Antes de iniciar qualquer procedimento médico que exija o recurso à laringoscopia clássica é imperativa uma avaliação pré-anestésica minuciosa e detalhada do estado dentário do doente, de forma a identificar os dentes em risco, analisar a presença de fatores associados a dificuldades de intubação e delinear uma estratégia de prevenção que seja adaptada ao risco de lesão dentária de cada doente.

Brazilian primary school teachers' knowledge about immediate management of dental trauma

OBJECTIVE: To assess the level of knowledge of primary school teachers in the public school network of Northeastern Brazil with respect to management of dental trauma and its relationship with prognosis. METHODS: A questionnaire was applied to 195 school teachers of public schools in Northeastern Brazil. The questionnaire comprised 12 objective questions about dental trauma and methods for its prevention and management. Data were submitted to chi-square test and Poisson regression test (P > 0.05). RESULTS: Out of the 141 teachers who responded the questionnaires, the majority were women (70.2%) and most of them had experienced previous dental accidents involving a child (53.2%). The majority (84.4%) had incomplete college education and few were given some training on how to deal with emergency situations during their undergraduate course (13.5%) or after it (38.3%). Their level of knowledge about dental trauma and emergency protocols showed that unsatisfactory knowledge level was associated with the male sex: 46% higher for men in comparison to women (P = 0.025). CONCLUSIONS: Approximately half of teachers evaluated had unsatisfactory knowledge about dental trauma and emergency protocols, with female teachers showing more knowledge than men. .

OBJETIVO: avaliar o nível de conhecimento de professores de escolas primárias na rede pública de ensino na região nordeste do Brasil, no que diz respeito ao manejo do paciente traumatizado e sua relação com o prognóstico. MÉTODOS: aplicou-se um questionário a 195 professores da rede pública de ensino da região nordeste do Brasil. O questionário continha 12 questões objetivas sobre os traumatismos dentários e seus métodos de prevenção e manejo. Após obtenção dos dados, esses foram submetidos ao teste qui-quadradro e ao teste de regressão de Poisson (p > 0,05). RESULTADOS: dos 141 professores que responderam o questionário, a maioria era composta pelo sexo feminino (70,2%) e a maior parte já vivenciara algum episódio de acidente com criança (53,2%). A maioria (84,4%) possui ensino superior incompleto e poucos foram contemplados com manobras de urgência na graduação (13,5%) ou após essa (38,3%). Os resultados da regressão para o nível de conhecimento sobre traumatismos dentários e protocolo de urgência em relação às variáveis explanatórias do estudo demonstraram que o conhecimento insatisfatório foi associado ao sexo masculino, sendo 46% maior para os homens (p = 0,025). CONCLUSÃO: aproximadamente metade dos professores possui conhecimento insatisfatório sobre traumatismos dentários e protocolo de urgência, sendo que os professores do sexo feminino apresentaram maior conhecimento do que os do sexo masculino. .

How readable are Australian paediatric oral health education materials?

BACKGROUND: The objective of this study was to analyse the readability of paediatric oral health education leaflets available in Australia. METHODS: Forty paediatric oral health education materials were analysed for general readability according to the following parameters: Thoroughness; Textual framework; Terminology; and Readability (Flesch-Kincaid grade level (FKGL), Gunning Fog index (Fog) and Simplified Measure of Gobbledygook (SMOG)). RESULTS: Leaflets produced by the industry were among the hardest to read with an average readability at the 8th grade (8.4 ± 0.1). The readability of leaflets produced by the commercial sector was at the 7th grade (7.1 ± 1.7) and the government at the 6th grade (6.3 ± 1.9). The FKGL consistently yielded readabilities 2 grades below the Fog and SMOG indexes. In the content analyses, 14 essential paediatric oral health topics were noted and Early Childhood Caries (ECC) was identified as the most commonly used jargon term. CONCLUSION: Paediatric oral health education materials are readily available, yet their quality and readability vary widely and may be difficult to read for disadvantaged populations in Australia. A redesign of these leaflets while taking literacy into consideration is suggested.