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1.
Expert Rev Mol Diagn ; 20(6): 601-610, 2020 06.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32064968

RESUMO

INTRODUCTION: The 'one biomarker/one drug' scenario is unsustainable because cancer is a complex disorder that involves a number of molecular defects. In the past decade, major technological advances have lowered the overall cost and increased the efficiency of next-generation sequencing (NGS). AREAS COVERED: We review recent regulations on NGS and complementary diagnostics in Japan, mainly focusing on high-quality studies that utilized these new diagnostic modalities and were published within the last 5 years. We highlight significant changes in regulation, and explain the direction of efforts to translate the results of NGS and complementary diagnostics into clinical practice. EXPERT OPINION: NGS holds a number of advantages over conventional companion and complementary diagnostics that enable simultaneous analyzes of multiple cancer genes to detect actionable mutations. Parallel technological developments and regulatory changes have led to the rapid adoption of NGS into clinical practice. NGS-based genomic data have been leveraged to better understand the characteristics of a disease that affects its patient's response to a given therapy. As NGS-based tests become more widespread, however, Japanese authorities will face significant challenges particularly with respect to the complexity of genomic data, which will have to be managed if NGS is to benefit patients.


Assuntos
Sequenciamento de Nucleotídeos em Larga Escala/tendências , Legislação de Dispositivos Médicos , Técnicas de Diagnóstico Molecular/tendências , Neoplasias/tratamento farmacológico , Medicina de Precisão/métodos , Antígeno B7-H1/antagonistas & inibidores , Antígeno B7-H1/genética , Carcinoma Pulmonar de Células não Pequenas/tratamento farmacológico , Carcinoma Pulmonar de Células não Pequenas/genética , Análise Mutacional de DNA/economia , Análise Mutacional de DNA/métodos , Análise Mutacional de DNA/tendências , Bases de Dados de Ácidos Nucleicos , Aprovação de Equipamentos/legislação & jurisprudência , Triagem e Testes Direto ao Consumidor/economia , Triagem e Testes Direto ao Consumidor/legislação & jurisprudência , Resistência Microbiana a Medicamentos/genética , Equipamentos e Provisões/classificação , Doenças Genéticas Inatas/tratamento farmacológico , Doenças Genéticas Inatas/genética , Órgãos Governamentais/organização & administração , Necessidades e Demandas de Serviços de Saúde , Sequenciamento de Nucleotídeos em Larga Escala/economia , Sequenciamento de Nucleotídeos em Larga Escala/instrumentação , Sequenciamento de Nucleotídeos em Larga Escala/métodos , Humanos , Inibidores de Checkpoint Imunológico/farmacologia , Inibidores de Checkpoint Imunológico/uso terapêutico , Japão , Neoplasias Pulmonares/tratamento farmacológico , Neoplasias Pulmonares/genética , Técnicas de Diagnóstico Molecular/economia , Técnicas de Diagnóstico Molecular/métodos , Terapia de Alvo Molecular , Mutação , Programas Nacionais de Saúde , Proteínas de Neoplasias/antagonistas & inibidores , Proteínas de Neoplasias/genética , Neoplasias/genética
4.
AIDS Behav ; 21(2): 515-524, 2017 Feb.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-27804092

RESUMO

We conducted an in-person survey of New York City (NYC) pharmacies to assess the availability, accessibility, and price of the over-the-counter, rapid HIV self-test kit. NYC pharmacies were stratified into high, moderate and low morbidity neighborhoods by the HIV diagnosis rate of the neighborhood in which the pharmacy was located. A random sample of 500 pharmacies was taken [250 from high morbidity neighborhoods (HighMN) and 250 from low morbidity neighborhoods (LowMN)]. Pharmacies were excluded if: closed during survey, non-retail, or >10 min walk from subway. Project staff visited pharmacies to determine kit availability (in pharmacy on day of survey), accessibility (not locked/behind counter), and price (marked on shelf/product). Of 361 pharmacies (161 LowMN; 200 HighMN), kits were available in 27 % and accessible in 10 %; there was no difference by neighborhood. Kits were most often kept behind the pharmacy counter; this was more common in HighMN than in LowMN. Kits were kept solely behind the pharmacy counter in 52 %. Median price was US $42.99 without variability across neighborhoods. The rapid HIV self-test had limited availability and access in retail pharmacies. The high median price measured suggests that cost remained a barrier.


Assuntos
Custos e Análise de Custo , Triagem e Testes Direto ao Consumidor/provisão & distribuição , Infecções por HIV/diagnóstico , Acessibilidade aos Serviços de Saúde , Farmácias , Kit de Reagentes para Diagnóstico/provisão & distribuição , Características de Residência , Triagem e Testes Direto ao Consumidor/economia , Humanos , Programas de Rastreamento , Cidade de Nova Iorque , Kit de Reagentes para Diagnóstico/economia
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