Association between pathologic complete response and biochemical indicators after neoadjuvant therapy for HER2-positive breast cancer.

PURPOSE: This study investigated the changes in the fasting blood glucose (FBG), fasting triglyceride (FTG), and fasting total cholesterol (FTC) levels during neoadjuvant therapy (NAT) for human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-positive breast cancer (BC) and the association with pathologic complete response (pCR). METHODS: Relevant data from Sichuan Cancer Hospital from June 2019 to June 2022 were collected and analyzed, and FBG, FTG, and FTC were divided into baseline, change, and process groups, which were grouped to analyze the changes after receiving NAT and the association with pCR. RESULTS: In the estrogen receptor (ER)-negative subgroup, patients with low levels of FTG in the process group were more likely to achieve pCR compared to high levels, and in the progesterone receptor (PR)-negative subgroup, patients with lower FTG compared to higher FTG after receiving NAT was more likely to achieve pCR. CONCLUSIONS: Patients with HER2-positive BC undergoing NAT develop varying degrees of abnormalities (elevated or decreased) in FBG, FTG, and FTC; moreover, the status of FTG levels during NAT may predict pCR in ER-negative or PR-negative HER2-positive BC.Early monitoring and timely intervention for FTG abnormalities may enable this subset of patients to increase the likelihood of obtaining a pCR along with management of abnormal markers.

Hepatocyte-Specific Fads1 Overexpression Attenuates Western Diet-Induced Metabolic Phenotypes in a Rat Model.

Fatty acid desaturase 1 (FADS1) is a rate-limiting enzyme in long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid (LCPUFA) synthesis. Reduced activity of FADS1 was observed in metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD). The aim of this study was to determine whether adeno-associated virus serotype 8 (AAV8) mediated hepatocyte-specific overexpression of Fads1 (AAV8-Fads1) attenuates western diet-induced metabolic phenotypes in a rat model. Male weanling Sprague-Dawley rats were fed with a chow diet, or low-fat high-fructose (LFHFr) or high-fat high-fructose diet (HFHFr) ad libitum for 8 weeks. Metabolic phenotypes were evaluated at the endpoint. AAV8-Fads1 injection restored hepatic FADS1 protein levels in both LFHFr and HFHFr-fed rats. While AAV8-Fads1 injection led to improved glucose tolerance and insulin signaling in LFHFr-fed rats, it significantly reduced plasma triglyceride (by ~50%) and hepatic cholesterol levels (by ~25%) in HFHFr-fed rats. Hepatic lipidomics analysis showed that FADS1 activity was rescued by AAV8-FADS1 in HFHFr-fed rats, as shown by the restored arachidonic acid (AA)/dihomo-γ-linolenic acid (DGLA) ratio, and that was associated with reduced monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA). Our data suggest that the beneficial role of AAV8-Fads1 is likely mediated by the inhibition of fatty acid re-esterification. FADS1 is a promising therapeutic target for MASLD in a diet-dependent manner.

Structural characteristics and in vitro starch digestibility of oil-modified cooked rice with varied addition manipulations.

Lipid has crucial applications in improving the quality of starchy products during heat processing. Herein, the influence of lipid modification and thermal treatment on the physicochemical properties and starch digestibility of cooked rice prepared with varied addition manipulations was investigated. Rice bran oil (RO) and medium chain triglyceride oil (MO) manipulations were performed either before (BC) or after cooking (AC). GC-MS was applied to determine the fatty acid profiles. Nutritional quality was analyzed by quantifying total phenolics, atherogenic, and thrombogenic indices. All complexes exhibited higher surface firmness, a soft core, and less adhesive. FTIR spectrum demonstrated that the guest component affected some of the dense structural attributes of V-amylose. The kinetic constant was in the range between 0.47 and 0.86 min-1 wherein before mode presented a higher value. The lowest glucose release was observed in the RO_BC sample, whereas the highest complexing index was observed in the RO_AC sample, indicating that the dense molecular configuration of complexes that could resist enzymatic digestion was more critical than the quantity of complex formation. Despite the damage caused by mass and heat transfer, physical barrier, intact granule forms, and strengthened dense structure were the central contributors affecting the digestion characteristics of lipid-starch complexes.

Genetic and Lifestyle Risk Factors of Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Fatty Liver Disease and Its Relationship with Premature Coronary Artery Disease: A Study on the Pars Cohort.

BACKGROUND: The main objective of this study is to identify the risk factors of metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) in coronary artery disease (CAD) patients. METHODS: The present retrospective cohort study is part of the Pars Cohort Study (PCS). The participants were categorized as having MAFLD or not. The pattern of independent variables in patients was compared with those who did not have MAFLD. All variables were retained in the multivariable logistic regression model. RESULTS: Totally, 1862 participants with CAD were enrolled in this study. MAFLD was diagnosed in 647 (40.1%) participants. Gender, diabetes, hypertension, tobacco, opium, alcohol, age, weight, waist circumference, cholesterol, HDL, triglyceride, aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) were significantly different in MAFLD and non-MAFLD patients. Also, the results of multivariable logistic regression show male gender (OR=0.651, 95% CI: 0.470‒0.902, P value=0.01) and opium consumption (OR=0.563, 95% CI: 0.328‒0.968, P value<0.001) to be negative risk factors of MAFLD occurrence in CAD patients. Having diabetes (OR=2.414, 95% CI: 1.740-3.349, P value<0.001), high waist circumference (OR=1.078, 95% CI: 1.055‒1.102, P value<0.01), high triglyceride (OR=1.005, 95% CI: 1.001‒1.008, P value=0.006), and high ALT (OR=1.039, 95% CI: 1.026‒1.051, P value<0.01) were positive risk factors of MAFLD in CAD patients. CONCLUSION: Our study found that consuming opium decreases the likelihood of MAFLD in CAD patients, since these patients have decreased appetite and lower body mass index (BMI). On the other hand, female gender, having diabetes, high waist circumference, high triglyceride levels, and high ALT levels increase the probability of MAFLD in CAD patients.

Biomarker signatures associated with ageing free of major chronic diseases: results from a population-based sample of the EPIC-Potsdam cohort.

BACKGROUND: A number of biomarkers denoting various pathophysiological pathways have been implicated in the aetiology and risk of age-related diseases. Hence, the combined impact of multiple biomarkers in relation to ageing free of major chronic diseases, such as cancer, cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes, has not been sufficiently explored. METHODS: We measured concentrations of 13 biomarkers in a random subcohort of 2,500 participants in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition Potsdam study. Chronic disease-free ageing was defined as reaching the age of 70 years within study follow-up without major chronic diseases, including cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes or cancer. Using a novel machine-learning technique, we aimed to identify biomarker clusters and explore their association with chronic disease-free ageing in multivariable-adjusted logistic regression analysis taking socio-demographic, lifestyle and anthropometric factors into account. RESULTS: Of the participants who reached the age of 70 years, 321 met our criteria for chronic-disease free ageing. Machine learning analysis identified three distinct biomarker clusters, among which a signature characterised by high concentrations of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, adiponectin and insulin-like growth factor-binding protein 2 and low concentrations of triglycerides was associated with highest odds for ageing free of major chronic diseases. After multivariable adjustment, the association was attenuated by socio-demographic, lifestyle and adiposity indicators, pointing to the relative importance of these factors as determinants of healthy ageing. CONCLUSION: These data underline the importance of exploring combinations of biomarkers rather than single molecules in understanding complex biological pathways underpinning healthy ageing.

Isotretinoin's Effect on Fasting Lipid Profile in Acne Patients.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the isotretinoin's effect on fasting lipid profile in patients with acne. STUDY DESIGN: Observational study. Place and Duration of the Study: Outpatient Department of Dermatology, Dow International Medical College, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, Pakistan, from 22nd June to 21st December 2022. METHODOLOGY: Patients of clinically moderate and severe acne were selected and prescribed a dose of 0.5mg /kg cap isotretinoin for 6 months. They were advised to get a fasting lipid profile at the baseline and then after two months of isotretinoin therapy. National Cancer Institute Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events v5.0 grading system and Adult Treatment Panel III were used for the grading of abnormalities. McNemar Bowker test was used to assess the difference in variables [serum triglycerides (TGs), cholesterol, high-density lipoproteins (HDL), and low-density lipoproteins (LDL)] at the baseline and after 2 months follow-up. RESULTS: A total of 214 patients were evaluated. After 2 months of isotretinoin therapy, TGs and cholesterol levels were elevated to higher grade in 2% of the patients. Likewise in 1% of patients, LDL levels rised to higher grade. Moreover, HDL levels declined to lower grade in 2% of the patients taking isotretinoin. CONCLUSION: Insignificant alterations in the various serum lipid parameters were observed in acne patients during isotretinoin therapy. It is advisable to obtain a baseline fasting lipid profile in all acne patients on isotretinoin and repeated in those with baseline abnormal levels and in patients with a clinical sign of metabolic syndrome and a family history of dyslipidemias. KEY WORDS: Acne, Hyperlipidemias, Isotretinoin, Laboratory monitoring.

Association between lipid profiles and cigarette smoke among adults in the Persian cohort (Shahedieh) study.

OBJECTIVES: Exposure to cigarette smoke introduces a large amount of nicotine into the bloodstream through the lungs. So, smoking can be a risk factor for many diseases. The present study was conducted to investigate the effect of active and passive cigarette smoke on the blood lipid profile and dyslipidemia. METHODS: This cross-sectional study was performed on 5052 individuals who participated in the recruitment phase of the Shahedieh cohort study. A logistic regression model was used to investigate the relationship between smoking exposure status and lipid profiles. RESULTS: The prevalence of abnormal low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C), abnormal HDL-C, abnormal total cholesterol (TC), abnormal triglyceride (TG), and dyslipidemia were 254 (5.00%), 562 (11.10%), 470 (9.30%), 1008 (20.00%), and 1527 (30.20%), respectively. Adjusting for confounders, it was observed that current smokers had higher odds of having abnormal HDL-C [OR (95% CI), 2.90 (2.28-3.69)], abnormal TG [OR (95% CI), 1.71 (1.38-2.13)] and dyslipidemia [OR (95% CI), 1.86 (1.53-2.25)]. Ex-smokers also had greater odds of abnormal HDL-C [OR (95% CI), 1.51 (1.06-2.16)] compared to non-smokers who were not exposed to cigarette smoke. CONCLUSIONS: The findings indicated that current smokers had higher TG and lower HDL. So, necessary measures should be taken to reduce smoking. The findings also showed that the prevalence of abnormal TG and HDL in ex-smokers was lower than in current smokers. Therefore, the existence of incentive policies to quit smoking seems necessary.

The proteomic profile is altered but not repaired after bariatric surgery in type 2 diabetes pigs.

To reveal the sources of obesity and type 2 diabetes (T2D) in humans, animal models, mainly rodents, have been used. Here, we propose a pig model of T2D. Weaned piglets were fed high fat/high sugar diet suppling 150% of metabolizable energy. Measurements of weight gain, blood morphology, glucose plasma levels, cholesterol, and triglycerides, as well as glucose tolerance (oral glucose tolerance test, OGTT) were employed to observe T2D development. The histology and mass spectrometry analyses were made post mortem. Within 6 months, the high fat-high sugar (HFHS) fed pigs showed gradual and significant increase in plasma triglycerides and glucose levels in comparison to the controls. Using OGTT test, we found stable glucose intolerance in 10 out of 14 HFHS pigs. Mass spectrometry analysis indicated significant changes in 330 proteins in the intestine, liver, and pancreas of the HFHS pigs. These pigs showed also an increase in DNA base modifications and elevated level of the ALKBH proteins in the tissues. Six diabetic HFHS pigs underwent Scopinaro bariatric surgery restoring glycaemia one month after surgery. In conclusion, a high energy diet applied to piglets resulted in the development of hyperlipidaemia, hyperglycaemia, and type 2 diabetes being reversed by a bariatric procedure, excluding the proteomic profile utill one month after the surgery.

Plasma Lipidomic Profiling Identifies Elevated Triglycerides as Potential Risk Factor in Chemotherapy-Induced Peripheral Neuropathy.

PURPOSE: Chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN) is a dose-limiting side effect of cytotoxic cancer treatment, often necessitating dose reduction (DR) or chemotherapy discontinuation (CD). Studies on peripheral neuropathy related to chemotherapy, obesity, and diabetes have implicated lipid metabolism. This study examined the association between circulating lipids and CIPN. METHODS: Lipidomic analysis was performed on plasma samples from 137 patients receiving taxane-based treatment. CIPN was graded using Total Neuropathy Score-clinical version (TNSc) and patient-reported outcome measure European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire-CIPN (EORTC-QLQ-CIPN20). RESULTS: A significant proportion of elevated baseline lipids were associated with high-grade CIPN defined by TNSc and EORTC-QLQ-CIPN20 including triacylglycerols (TGs). Multivariable Cox regression on lipid species, adjusting for BMI, age, and diabetes, showed several elevated baseline TG associated with shorter time to DR/CD. Latent class analysis identified two baseline lipid profiles with differences in risk of CIPN (hazard ratio, 2.80 [95% CI, 1.50 to 5.23]; P = .0013). The higher risk lipid profile had several elevated TG species and was independently associated with DR/CD when modeled with other clinical factors (diabetes, age, BMI, or prior numbness/tingling). CONCLUSION: Elevated baseline plasma TG is associated with an increased risk of CIPN development and warrants further validation in other cohorts. Ultimately, this may enable therapeutic intervention.

Assessing the Postprandial Glycemic Response to Japonica Rice (Oryza sativa L. cv. Koshihikari) with a Small Amount of Lysolecithin and Canola Oil in Japanese Adult Men: a Double-blind, Placebo-controlled, Crossover Study.

A double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover trial was performed to analyze the effects of a small amount of lysolecithin and canola oil on blood glucose levels after consuming japonica rice. Overall, 17 Japanese adult men were assigned to consume 150 g of normally cooked japonica rice (placebo group) and 150 g of japonica rice cooked with 18 mg of lysolecithin and 1.8 g of canola oil (treatment group); these lipids were added as emulsified formulation (EMF) for stability and uniformity. Subsequently, blood samples were collected before and 30, 45, 60, 90, and 120 min after consuming test foods. There was no significant difference in blood glucose, insulin, and triglyceride levels between the groups. However, a stratified analysis of 11 subjects with body mass index (BMI) ≥ 22 revealed that blood glucose levels were significantly lower after 30 min in the treatment group than in the placebo group (p = 0.041). Through in vitro digestibility test, the rice sample of the treatment group was observed to release significantly less glucose within 20 min than that in the placebo group rice. These results suggest that the combination of a small amount of lysolecithin and canola oil modulated the increase in postprandial blood glucose levels induced by the intake of cooked japonica rice in adult men with BMI ≥ 22. This clinical trial was registered with the University Hospital Medical Information Network (UMIN) Center, (UMIN000045744; registered on 15/10/2021).

Triglyceride-inflammation score established on account of random survival forest for predicting survival in patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma: a retrospective study.

Objective: This study aimed to establish an effective prognostic model based on triglyceride and inflammatory markers, including neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), lymphocyte-to-monocyte ratio (LMR), and platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), to predict overall survival (OS) in patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). Additionally, we aimed to explore the interaction and mediation between these biomarkers in their association with OS. Methods: A retrospective review was conducted on 259 NPC patients who had blood lipid markers, including triglyceride and total cholesterol, as well as parameters of peripheral blood cells measured before treatment. These patients were followed up for over 5 years, and randomly divided into a training set (n=155) and a validation set (n=104). The triglyceride-inflammation (TI) score was developed using the random survival forest (RSF) algorithm. Subsequently, a nomogram was created. The performance of the prognostic model was measured by the concordance index (C-index), time-dependent receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve, and decision curve analysis (DCA). The interaction and mediation between the biomarkers were further analyzed. Bioinformatics analysis based on the GEO dataset was used to investigate the association between triglyceride metabolism and immune cell infiltration. Results: The C-index of the TI score was 0.806 in the training set, 0.759 in the validation set, and 0.808 in the entire set. The area under the curve of time-dependent ROC of TI score in predicting survival at 1, 3, and 5 years were 0.741, 0.847, and 0.871 respectively in the training set, and 0.811, 0.837, and 0.758 in the validation set, then 0.771, 0.848, and 0.862 in the entire set, suggesting that TI score had excellent performance in predicting OS in NPC patients. Patients with stage T1-T2 or M0 had significantly lower TI scores, NLR, and PLR, and higher LMR compared to those with stage T3-T3 or M1, respectively. The nomogram, which integrated age, sex, clinical stage, and TI score, demonstrated good clinical usefulness and predictive ability, as evaluated by the DCA. Significant interactions were found between triglyceride and NLR and platelet, but triglyceride did not exhibit any medicating effects in the inflammatory markers. Additionally, NPC tissues with active triglyceride synthesis exhibited high immune cell infiltration. Conclusion: The TI score based on RSF represents a potential prognostic factor for NPC patients, offering convenience and economic advantages. The interaction between triglyceride and NLR may be attributed to the effect of triglyceride metabolism on immune response.

Effects of sn-2 Palmitic Triacylglycerols and the Ratio of OPL to OPO in Human Milk Fat Substitute on Metabolic Regulation in Sprague-Dawley Rats.

In this study, the influence of total sn-2 palmitic triacylglycerols (TAGs) and ratio of 1-oleoyl-2-palmitoyl-3-linoleoylglycerol (OPL) to 1,3-dioleoyl-2-palmitoylglycerol (OPO) in human milk fat substitute (HMFS) on the metabolic changes were investigated in Sprague-Dawley rats. Metabolomics and lipidomics profiling analysis indicated that increasing the total sn-2 palmitic TAGs and OPL to OPO ratio in HMFS could significantly influence glycine, serine and threonine metabolism, glycerophospholipid metabolism, glycerolipid metabolism, sphingolipid metabolism, bile acid biosynthesis, and taurine and hypotaurine metabolism pathways in rats after 4 weeks of feeding, which were mainly related to lipid, bile acid and energy metabolism. Meanwhile, the up-regulation of taurine, L-tryptophan, and L-cysteine, and down-regulations of lysoPC (18:0) and hypoxanthine would contribute to the reduction in inflammatory response and oxidative stress, and improvement of immunity function in rats. In addition, analysis of targeted biochemical factors also revealed that HMFS-fed rats had significantly increased levels of anti-inflammatory factor (IL-4), immunoglobulin A (IgA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-px), and decreased levels of pro-inflammatory factors (IL-6 and TNF-α) and malondialdehyde (MDA), compared with those of the control fat-fed rats. Collectively, these observations present new in vivo nutritional evidence for the metabolic regulatory effects of the TAG structure and composition of human milk fat substitutes on the host.

Triglyceride to HDL Cholesterol Ratio for the Identification of MASLD in Obesity: A Liver Biopsy-Based Case-Control Study.

Associations between dyslipidemia and metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) have been reported. Previous studies have shown that the triglyceride to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (TG/HDL-C) ratio may be a surrogate marker of MASLD, assessed by liver ultrasound. However, no studies have evaluated the utility of this ratio according to biopsy-proven MASLD and its stages. Therefore, our aim was to evaluate if the TG/HDL-C ratio allows for the identification of biopsy-proven MASLD in patients with obesity. We conducted a case-control study in 153 patients with obesity who underwent metabolic surgery and had a concomitant liver biopsy. Fifty-three patients were classified as no MASLD, 45 patients as metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver-MASL, and 55 patients as metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis-MASH. A receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis was performed to assess the accuracy of the TG/HDL-C ratio to detect MASLD. We also compared the area under the curve (AUC) of the TG/HDL-C ratio, serum TG, and HDL-C. A higher TG/HDL-C ratio was observed among patients with MASLD, compared with patients without MASLD. No differences in the TG/HDL-C ratio were found between participants with MASL and MASH. The greatest AUC was observed for the TG/HDL-C ratio (AUC 0.747, p < 0.001) with a cut-off point of 3.7 for detecting MASLD (sensitivity = 70%; specificity = 74.5%). However, no statistically significant differences between the AUC of the TG/HDL-C ratio and TG or HDL-C were observed to detect MASLD. In conclusion, although an elevated TG/HDL-C ratio can be found in patients with MASLD, this marker did not improve the detection of MASLD in our study population, compared with either serum TG or HDL-C.

MiR-103-5p deficiency suppresses lipid accumulation via upregulating PLSCR4 and its host gene PANK3 in goat mammary epithelial cells.

Lipids are intimately related to the unique flavor and nutritional values of goat milk. MicroRNAs (miRNA) participate in the regulation of various biological functions, including the synthesis and degradation of lipids. Several studies have shown that miR-103 is involved in the regulation of lipid metabolism, however, the molecular mechanism by which miR-103 regulates lipid metabolism in goat mammary gland is poorly understood. In this study, miR-103 was knocked out in goat mammary epithelial cells (GMECs) by CRISPR/Cas9, and the accumulation of lipid droplets, triglycerides, and cholesterol in the cells was suppressed subsequently. Overexpression or knockdown of miR-103-5p and miR-103-3p in GMECs revealed that it was miR-103-5p that promoted lipid accumulation but not miR-103-3p. In addition, Pantothenate Kinase 3 (PANK3), the host gene of miR-103, and Phospholipid Scramblase 4 (PLSCR4) were identified as the target genes of miR-103-5p by dual fluorescein and miRNA pulldown. Furthermore, we identified that cellular lipid levels were negatively regulated by PANK3 and PLSCR4. Lastly, in miR-103 knockout GMECs, the knockdown of PANK and PLSCR4 rescued the lipid accumulation. These findings suggest that miR-103-5p promotes lipid accumulation by targeting PLSCR4 and the host gene PANK3 in GMECs, providing new insights for the regulation of goat milk lipids via miRNAs.

Integration of network pharmacology, lipidomics, and transcriptomics analysis to reveal the mechanisms underlying the amelioration of AKT-induced nonalcoholic fatty liver disease by total flavonoids in vine tea.

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the main reason for chronic liver diseases and malignancies. Currently, there is a lack of approved drugs for the prevention or treatment of NAFLD. Vine tea (Ampelopsis grossedentata) has been used as a traditional Chinese beverage for centuries. Vine tea carries out several biological activities including the regulation of plasma lipids and blood glucose, hepato-protective function, and anti-tumor activity and contains the highest content of flavonoids. However, the underlying mechanisms of total flavonoids from vine tea (TF) in the attenuation of NAFLD remain unclear. Therefore, we investigated the interventions and mechanisms of TF in mice with NAFLD using an integrated analysis of network pharmacology, lipidomics, and transcriptomics. Staining and biochemical tests revealed a significant increase in AKT-overexpression-induced (abbreviated as AKT-induced) NAFLD in mice. Lipid accumulation in hepatic intracellular vacuoles was alleviated after TF treatment. In addition, TF reduced the hepatic and serum triglyceride levels in mice with AKT-induced NAFLD. Lipidomics results showed 32 differential lipids in the liver, mainly including triglycerides (TG), diglycerides (DG), phosphatidylcholine (PC), and phosphatidylethanolamine (PE). Transcriptomic analysis revealed that 314 differentially expressed genes were commonly upregulated in the AKT group and downregulated in the TF group. The differential regulation of lipids by the genes Pparg, Scd1, Chpt1, Dgkz, and Pla2g12b was further revealed by network enrichment analysis and confirmed by RT-qPCR. Furthermore, we used immunohistochemistry (IHC) to detect changes in the protein levels of the key proteins PPARγ and SCD1. In summary, TF can improve hepatic steatosis by targeting the PPAR signaling pathway, thereby reducing de novo fatty acid synthesis and modulating the glycerophospholipid metabolism.

Lipoprotein alterations in endocrine disorders - a review of the recent developments in the field.

Dyslipidemia is one of the most common disorders worldwide, which, if left untreated, results in a multitude of complications. Thus proper diagnostics, which includes identifying of secondary causes of dyslipidemia is crucial. Endocrine disorders are an important cause of secondary dyslipidemia. This paper aims to review the publications on lipoprotein alterations in endocrine disorders from the past two years and provide an overview of the recent discoveries in this dynamically developing and large field. Significant changes in lipoprotein serum concentrations are present in most endocrinological diseases and can be modified with proper treatment. Some lipoproteins have also been proposed as markers in some endocrine diseases, e.g., thyroid carcinoma. From the scope of endocrine disorders, the largest number of studies explored the lipoprotein changes in polycystic ovary syndrome and in women during the menopausal and peri-menopausal period. Even though the association of thyroid disorders with dyslipidemia is already well studied, new research has delivered some exciting findings about lipoprotein alterations in euthyroid patients with either positive antithyroid peroxidase antibodies or reduced sensitivity to thyroid hormones. The problem of the adverse metabolic profile, including dyslipidemia in hypoprolactinemia has been recognized. Moreover, this review describes other significant discoveries encompassing lipoprotein alterations in disorders of the adrenals, thyroid, parathyroid glands, pituitary, and gonads. The up-to-date knowledge of the influence of endocrine disorders and hormonal changes on serum lipoproteins is prudent as it can significantly impact therapeutic decisions.

Lipopolysaccharide binding protein resists hepatic oxidative stress by regulating lipid droplet homeostasis.

Oxidative stress-induced lipid accumulation is mediated by lipid droplets (LDs) homeostasis, which sequester vulnerable unsaturated triglycerides into LDs to prevent further peroxidation. Here we identify the upregulation of lipopolysaccharide-binding protein (LBP) and its trafficking through LDs as a mechanism for modulating LD homeostasis in response to oxidative stress. Our results suggest that LBP induces lipid accumulation by controlling lipid-redox homeostasis through its lipid-capture activity, sorting unsaturated triglycerides into LDs. N-acetyl-L-cysteine treatment reduces LBP-mediated triglycerides accumulation by phospholipid/triglycerides competition and Peroxiredoxin 4, a redox state sensor of LBP that regulates the shuttle of LBP from LDs. Furthermore, chronic stress upregulates LBP expression, leading to insulin resistance and obesity. Our findings contribute to the understanding of the role of LBP in regulating LD homeostasis and against cellular peroxidative injury. These insights could inform the development of redox-based therapies for alleviating oxidative stress-induced metabolic dysfunction.

Association of lipid profile and obesity in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome.

Objective. Abnormal lipid profile and obesity increase the risk of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). PCOS patients may have a greater risk of infertility, metabolic syndrome (MetS) and cardiovascular disease (CVD) due to abnormal lipid profile and obesity. The aim of the study was to find the association between abnormal lipid profile and obesity in patients with PCOS. Methods. In this case-control study, a total of 102 female subjects (51 diagnosed PCOS and 51 age-matched healthy controls) were enrolled, aged between 20-40 years. Biochemical parameters such as total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C), high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C), very low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (VLDL-C), luteinizing hormone (LH), and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) were estimated. Anthropometric parameters such as body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), hip circumference (HC), and waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) were recorded. A p<0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results. Mean of BMI, WC, WHR, LH, FSH, TC, TG, LDL-C, and VLDL-C was found significantly elevated in patients with PCOS as compared to controls (p<0.01). However, the mean of HDL-C was found significantly reduced in patients with PCOS as compared to controls (p<0.01). BMI has shown a significant positive correlation with WC (r=0.562, p<0.01) and WHR (r=0.580, p<0.01) among PCOS patients. LH has shown a significant positive correlation with FSH (r=0.572, p<0.01) among PCOS patients. TC has shown a significant positive correlation with TG (r=0.687, p<0.01), LDL-C (r=0.917, p<0.01), and VLDL-C (r=0.726, p<0.01) among PCOS patients. Conclusion. The results showed that abnormal lipid profile and obesity have a significant association with PCOS patients. Regular monitoring and treatment of PCOS patients are required to reduce the risk of infertility, MetS, and CVD.

Biomarkers of lipid metabolism in gastric cancer: a case control study.

BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to explore the correlation between biomarkers of lipid metabolism and gastric cancer. METHODS: 1120 gastric cancer patients and 1134 health examiners enrolled in this study. The clinic data and serum lipid level, including Total cholesterol (TC), Triglyceride (TG), Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and High-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), were collected. RESULTS: Serum TG and LDL-C levels in patients with gastric cancer were higher than those in the control group. HDL-C levels were lower than the control group (P < 0.05). HDL-C and LDL-C were significantly correlated with the risk of gastric cancer. Concentrating on clinicopathological features, increased TG was more frequently in male patients with distal gastric cancer, N0 stage and early TNM stage. Increased TC was more frequently in early T, N and TNM stage. Decreased HDL-C was more common in distal location and low-undifferentiated gastric cancer. LDL-C elevation was more common in distal gastric cancer and early T stage. CONCLUSIONS: The serum lipid level of gastric cancer patients was higher than healthy controls. HDL-C and LDL-C abnormal correlated with gastric cancer risk. However, as the progresses of gastric cancer, poor patient intake, increased tumor consumption, and continuous declining in nutritional status, the levels of TC and TG gradually decreased in advanced gastric cancer.

Effects of moxibustion with wheat-grain size cone at "Zusanli" (ST 36) on vascular injury and oxidative stress in high-fat diet rats through mTOR/HIF-1α/VEGF signaling pathway. / 基于mTOR/HIF-1α/VEGF信号通路探讨麦粒灸"足三里"å¯¹é«˜è„‚é¥®é£Ÿå¤§é¼ è¡€ç®¡æŸä¼¤å’Œæ°§åŒ–åº”æ¿€çš„å½±å“.

OBJECTIVES: To explore the effect mechanism of moxibustion with wheat-grain size cone at "Zusanli" (ST 36) on vascular injury and oxidative stress in hyperlipidemia through mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR)/hypoxia inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α)/vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) signaling pathway. METHODS: Forty healthy male SD rats with SPF grade were randomly divided into a normal group, a model group, a moxibustion group, and an inhibitor group, with 10 rats in each one. The hyperlipidemia model was established by feeding a high-fat diet for 8 weeks in rats of the model group, the moxibustion group and the inhibitor group. The moxibustion with wheat-grain size cone was delivered at bilateral "Zusanli" (ST 36) of each rat in the moxibustion group and the inhibitor group, with 3 cones on each acupoint in each intervention, once daily for 4 weeks. In the inhibitor group, before each intervention with moxibustion, rapamycin solution was injected intraperitoneally, 2.0 mg/kg. After modeling and intervention, using ELISA, the levels of total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) in the serum of rats were determined. After intervention, with HE staining and oil red O staining adopted, the abdominal aortic morphology and peripheral lipid deposition were observed. Separately, using WST-1, TBA and micro-plate method, the superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and the levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) and nitric oxide (NO) in the serum were detected. The protein expression of mTOR, HIF-1α and VEGF in abdominal aorta were measured by Western blot method. RESULTS: Compared with those in the normal group, the levels of TC, TG and LDL-C increased (P<0.01) and HDL-C decreased (P<0.01) in the serum of the rats in the model group, the moxibustion group and the inhibitor group after model establishment. When compared with the normal group after intervention, in the model group, the serum levels of TC, TG, LDL-C and MDA increased (P<0.01), HDL-C level, SOD activity and NO level were reduced (P<0.01); the cell structure of the abdominal arota was abnormal, the peripheral lipids deposited seriously; and the protein expression of mTOR, HIF-1α and VEGF of abdominal aorta was elevated (P<0.01, P<0.05). In comparison with the model group, the levels of TC, TG, LDL-C and MDA were reduced (P<0.01), HDL-C levels, SOD activities and NO levels elevated (P<0.01, P<0.05), as well as the protein expression of mTOR, HIF-1α and VEGF of abdominal aorta (P<0.01, P<0.05) in the moxibustion group and the inhibitor group; besides, the vascular structure was ameliorated and the lipid deposition reduced in the moxibustion group, while, the vascular structure was still abnormal and the lipid deposition declined in the inhibitor group. When compared with the inhibitor group, the serum SOD activity and NO level increased (P<0.05) and MDA decreased (P<0.05); and the protein expression of mTOR, HIF-1α and VEGF of abdominal aorta was elevated (P<0.01, P<0.05) in the moxibustion group. CONCLUSIONS: The vascular injury due to hyperlipidemia is repaired by moxibustion with wheat-grain size cone at "Zusanli" (ST 36) through ameliorating oxidative stress, which is associated potentially with the modulation of mTOR/HIF-1α/VEGF signaling pathway.