Effect of Knee Valgus Deformity on Symptomatic Venous Thromboembolism and Prosthesis Revision Risk after Total Knee Arthroplasty: A Multicenter Retrospective Study.

OBJECTIVE: Symptomatic venous thromboembolism (VTE) and prosthesis failure are the most serious complications after total knee arthroplasty (TKA). However, whether knee valgus deformity aggravates these complications has not been fully clarified. To study the difference between perioperative symptomatic VTE and prosthesis revision rate in patients with valgus knee osteoarthritis by comparing with patients undergoing TKA for varus deformity and analyze the reasons for revision. At the same time, the distribution and radiographic features of lower extremity deep venous thrombosis were recorded. METHODS: The data of patients who underwent TKA in two tertiary hospitals from January 2016 to December 2020 were retrospectively reviewed, and a total of 8917 patients were included. According to preoperative manifestations of knee malformations, all patients were divided into two groups: valgus group (n = 412) and varus group (n = 8505). Main indicators included the incidence of symptomatic VTE and prosthesis revision. Secondary outcomes included general information on operative time, Kellgren and Lawrence score, total hospital stay, and total costs. The patient data of the two groups were analyzed by Pearson chi-square test, Student t test, or Mann-Whitney U test. The revision was evaluated using Kaplan-Meier survival analysis. RESULTS: The proportion of valgus knees in TKA patients was 4.62% (412/8917). The incidence of VTE was 6.23‰ (53/8505) and 16.99‰ (7/412) in the varus and valgus groups, and the results were statistically different (p = 0.009). There was no significant difference in echogenicity, number of occluded vessels, and thrombus length between the valgus group (p = 0.102; p = 0.645; p = 0.684). Patients with valgus deformity had 12.14‰ (5/412) prosthesis revision, the incidence of varus deformity was 4.82‰ (41/8505), and the revision risk of valgus group was 2.5 times higher than varus group, and the results were statistically different (p = 0.043). The operation time and hospital stay in the valgus group were longer than those in the varus group, and the results were statistically different (p = 0.018; p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Valgus deformity increases risk of symptomatic VTE and prosthesis revision after TKA. These results have guiding significance for the prevention of complications after TKA in patients with valgus deformity.

Prevalence, characteristics, and risk factors of venous thromboembolism in patients with brain tumor undergoing craniotomy: a meta-analysis.

BACKGROUND: Brain tumor patients undergoing craniotomy are significantly associated with the development of venous thromboembolism (VTE), while the contributing factors remains controversial. Our study aimed to investigate the prevalence and risk factors for VTE in postoperational brain tumor patients. METHODS: We searched the PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Medline, and Cochrane Library databases from their inception to July 2023. Article selection, data extraction, and study quality assessment were performed independently by two reviewers. Publication bias was assessed using Egger's and Begg's tests. Stata 15.0 software was used for data analysis. RESULTS: A total of 25 studies were considered, with a total of 49,620 brain tumor individuals. The pooled prevalence of VTE during hospitalization in postoperational brain tumor patients was 9% [95% CI: (0.08, 0.10)]. Moreover, our results demonstrated that patients with VTE were older than those without VTE [mean difference [MD] = 8.14, 95% CI: (4.97, 11.30)]. The following variables were significantly associated with VTE: prior history of VTE [OR = 7.81, 95% CI: (3.62, 16.88)], congestive heart failure [OR = 2.33, 95% CI: (1.08-5.05)], diabetes [OR = 1.87, 95% CI: (1.12-3.10)], hypertension [OR = 1.27, 95% CI: (1.07-1.50)], steroid use [OR = 1.63, 95% CI: (1.41, 1.88)], high white blood cells counts [MD = 0.32, 95% CI: (0.01, 0.63)], and high fibrinogen levels [MD = 0.19, 95% CI: (0.08, 0.30)]. CONCLUSION: This meta-analysis identified risk factors for postoperational VTE in patients with brain tumor, which can serve as a theoretical foundation for medical staff to manage and treat VTE. TRIAL REGISTRATION: CRD42023357459.

Giant breast phyllodes tumor with silent thromboembolism: A case report.

BACKGROUND: Phyllodes tumor (PT) is a solid fibroepithelial breast lesion with proliferation of stromal and epithelial elements, usually presents with a rapidly expanding feature. Venous thromboembolism (VTE) have been reported to increase the burden in terms of mortality and morbidity of malignant tumor, and associate with worsened survival. However, benign PTs with silent thromboembolism that have not yet been reported, we report an unusual case of massive benign PT that grew on the left side of the breast in a cauliflower-shaped form and presented severe chronic blood loss and deep VTE. CASE: A 37-year-old woman with uncontrolled pain presented a rapidly enlarging left breast mass, measuring approximately 30 × 20 × 15 cm3 that first started 25 years ago. color Doppler ultrasound showed a large mass lesion on the left breast and deep VTE, several enlarged lymph nodes in the left axilla and mediastinum, which presented a malignant character. However, the biopsies of the mass did not show evidence of malignancy and the pathology result was considered to be benign PT. The patient was treated with an inferior vena cava and anticoagulation, the operation was arranged according to the surgical procedure, the patient recovered very well after mastectomy. CONCLUSION: This case is unique in that the giant breast mass presented with malignant character, was eventually pathologically confirmed to be benign PT, and it's rare that the benign tumor accompanied with silent thromboembolism. This finding describes the atypia features of giant benign PT and reminds the surgeon to consider the factor of VTE and risk when encountering ulcerative benign breast tumor and avoid excessive treatment.

Database Tracking in Gender-Affirming Surgery: Are Patients Falling Through the Cracks?

BACKGROUND: This study sought to examine risk factors for venous thromboembolism in transfeminine vaginoplasty. Secondarily, the authors outline reasons why patients are not adequately classified for research purposes despite using relevant queried codes. METHODS: Transgender patients undergoing vaginoplasty were identified with diagnostic and procedure-specific codes using a national surgical database from 2010 through 2019. RESULTS: There were 457 transgender vaginoplasties performed, with 24 wound dehiscences, 17 unplanned reoperations, and 12 surgical site infections. With zero cases of venous thromboembolism, risk factor analysis was deferred. CONCLUSIONS: Heterogeneity in coding practices for gender-affirming surgery led to an uncharacteristically small cohort of transfeminine vaginoplasty patients captured in the database. Current diagnostic and procedure-specific codes are nonspecific and unbundled, hindering accurate assessment of the incidence of standard surgical complications.

[Functional state of a solitary kidney after nephrectomy for renal cancer].

INTRODUCTION: The outcome of surgical treatment of renal cancer depends not only on cancer-specific survival, but also on the degree of loss of renal function, which often develops after surgery, especially radical nephrectomy. AIM: To study the features of functional changes in a solitary kidney as a compensation mechanism after radical nephrectomy for renal cancer. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The functional state of a solitary kidney in 36 patients with renal cancer who undergone to radical nephrectomy was evaluated. There were 20 and 16 women. The mean age was 59.0+/-10.8 years (from 39 to 76 years). The size of the tumor was in the range of 7.0-12.0 cm. All patients with a solitary kidney underwent a follow-up examination 3 months after surgery, including measurement of peripheral blood pressure with calculation of mean dynamic pressure, renal ultrasound, calculation of glomerular filtration rate (GFR), renal doppler ultrasound, determination of serum fibrinogen and fibrin monomers, and microscopy of the bulbar conjunctiva. Patients who had pathological abnormalities during the examination were prescribed reno-cardioprotective drugs, including perindopril in a titrated dose, apixaban 5 mg a day as thromboprophylaxis and for improvement of the flow properties of blood for a period of 3 months with re-evaluation of the above parameters. RESULTS: In 61.1% of patients after radical nephrectomy, on 2-4 postoperative days, there was a tendency to increase blood pressure compared to baseline values (p<0.05). By the seventh day after the procedure, the volume of the contralateral kidney increased on average by 16% (from 110.4+/-11.2 cm3 to 132.4+/-4.8 cm3, p<0.05). After radical nephrectomy, a decrease in GFR was detected in 33 cases (91.7%; p<0.05). Renal doppler ultrasound showed a moderate increase in linear blood flow, the resistance index in the main renal artery, and a decrease in the pulse index in the segmental and arcuate arteries. The microscopy of the bulbar conjunctiva in 83.3% of patients revealed changes in the microcirculatory bed, including narrowing of arterioles, dilation of venules, a decrease in venular and capillary blood flow. After 3 months of reno-cardioprotective therapy, it was revealed that the target values of blood pressure (<130/85 mm Hg) were achieved with an average dynamic blood pressure of 93.4+/-2.6 mm Hg. In addition, a decrease in creatinine to an average of 106.2+/-6.4, fibrinogen and fibrin monomers to subnormal values of 3.2+/-0.2 g/l and up to 8.1+/-0.5x10-2 g/l, respectively were seen. Renal hypertrophy according to ultrasound examination was preserved with a mean kidney volume 119.7+/-3.6 cm3. Disturbances in peripheral microcirculation according to the microscopy of the bulbar conjunctiva was assessed as moderate. CONCLUSION: The development of CKD in patients with a solitary kidney is accompanied by a structural reorganization of the organ with an increase in blood pressure, an increase in its volume, a decrease in function, microcirculatory disorders and hypertensive nephropathy. Considering the prognostic significance of changes in the solitary kidney, it is important not only to control the functional parameters, but also to include reno- cardioprotective therapy as a standard, since it contributes to the preservation of the renal function and prevents the rapid progression of CKD. Thus, medical and social rehabilitation of patients with a solitary kidney is required. However, it is currently cannot be considered comprehensive.

A Case of Phlegmasia Cerulea Dolens in a Patient With COVID-19, Effectively Ttreated With Fasciotomy and Mechanical Thrombectomy.

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has been widely reported to be associated with increased risk of Venous Thromboembolism, both deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and pulmonary embolism. A rare and extreme manifestation of DVT is Phlegmasia cerulea dolens, characterized by poor tissue perfusion due to marked limb swelling which can progress to limb and life-threatening venous gangrene. We report the case of a 53-year-old man with severe SARS-CoV2 pneumonia who developed acute iliofemoral DVT leading to acute limb ischemia due to Phlegmasia cerulea dolens. The patient underwent successful emergent fasciotomy and mechanical thrombectomy with removal of extensive thrombus burden and restoration of normal venous circulation. Our case highlights the importance of clinical vigilance and early implementation of therapeutic interventions to avoid adverse outcomes in patients who develop SARS-CoV2 induced Venous Thromboembolism complications.

The Impact of COVID-19 on Vascular Surgery Practice: A Systematic Review.

BACKGROUND: COVID-19 is characterized by a pulmonary interstitial compromise which can require intensive care unit (ICU) and mechanical ventilation. Covid patients develop a wide range of pathologies. This study aims to identify the impact of COVID-19 in diseases commonly treated by vascular surgeons. METHODS: Four conditions were selected: venous thromboembolism (VTE), pulmonary embolism (PE), peripheral arterial disease (PAD), and microangiopathy. A systematic review of the literature using PRISMA guidelines was. RESULTS: Out of 1195 papers reviewed for conditions in COVID-19 patients relevant to routine vascular surgery practice, 43 papers were included and analyzed. Venous thrombosis was found to be the most common COVID-19 associated pathology with a cumulative incidence of 25% at 7 days and 48% at 14 days. Additionally, D-dimer levels proved to be a good predictor, even in the early stages of the disease with a sensitivity of 85%, specificity of 88.5% and a negative predictive value of 94.7%. Patients in the ICU demonstrated a significantly higher risk of developing VTE, even when receiving pharmacologic thromboprophylaxis. Although evidence of arterial thrombosis was less common (1% to 16.3%), its consequences were typically more serious, including limb loss and death even in young individuals (OR = 25, 95% CI). Finally, microangiopathy has a wide spectrum of clinical presentations from retinal microangiopathy to other more severe manifestations such as myocardial injury, pulmonary compromise and potential multiple organ dysfunction syndrome. CONCLUSIONS: Although the pathophysiological pathway by which COVID-19 produces thrombosis is not completely clear, the incidence of both arterial and venous thrombosis is increased. D-dimer screening should be done in all COVID-19 patients, as a predictor of thrombotic complications.

Increased Risk of Short-Term Complications and Venous Thromboembolism in Latarjet-Bristow Procedures Compared With Bankart Repairs.

PURPOSE: To (1) determine the rate of surgical complications and venous thromboembolism (VTE) in patients undergoing arthroscopic Bankart repair, open Bankart repair, or Latarjet-Bristow; and (2) assess potential risk factors for surgical complications and VTE in patients undergoing shoulder stabilization procedures. METHODS: The NSQIP database was used to identify patients undergoing isolated surgery for shoulder instability from 2005 to 2017. Demographic data were collected and compared. Logistic regression was used to assess the risk factors for developing a postoperative complication, and regression analyses were used to evaluate the odds of postoperative complications between types of surgery. RESULTS: We identified 7,233 patients for inclusion. Patients undergoing Latarjet-Bristow were more likely to be male and Black and to report current tobacco use. Overall, there was a low rate of surgical complications (0.4%) and VTE (0.2%). However, patients undergoing Latarjet-Bristow had nearly a 10-fold increase in the risk of surgical complications compared with an arthroscopic or open Bankart repair (1.9% versus 0.2%, P < .001), including deep surgical site infections, return to operating room within 30 days, and symptomatic VTE (deep venous thrombosis rate: arthroscopic Bankart repair, 0.1%; Latarjet-Bristow, 0.8%; P < .001). There were no differences in the odds of developing a surgical complication or VTE between patients undergoing arthroscopic or open Bankart repair. CONCLUSION: This study used a nationally representative, widely validated, peer-reviewed database to demonstrate that patients undergoing a Latarjet-Bristow procedure are at significantly higher risk for short-term postoperative complications, including deep surgical site infections, return to the operating room, and symptomatic VTE, than those undergoing Bankart repair. These findings should not discourage surgeons from proceeding with a coracoid transfer procedure when indicated for glenoid deficiencies, but should inform preoperative counseling and help guide perioperative care to optimize patient outcomes. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: III, retrospective comparative trial.

Filtro de Veia Cava Inferior: Características Clínicas e Prognósticas de Pacientes Oncológicos do INCA / Placement of Inferior Vena Cava Filter: Clinical and Prognostic Characteristics of Cancer Patients at INCA

Introdução: O tromboembolismo venoso é uma condição potencialmente fatal e frequente no paciente oncológico. Muitas vezes, a anticoagulação é inviável, e a colocação do filtro de veia cava (FVC) torna-se uma opção. A indicação clínica, entretanto, é controversa e gera alto custo. Objetivo: Descrever as características demográficas, clínicas e epidemiológicas dos pacientes com colocação de FVC e seu impacto na sobrevida global. Método: Estudo de coorte retrospectiva com pacientes em tratamento oncológico no INCA, que tiveram FVC implantado de janeiro/2015 até abril/2017. Na análise de sobrevida global em cinco anos, foram considerados o tempo entre o diagnóstico de câncer e o óbito por qualquer causa. Realizaram-se análise descritiva, estimativas de sobrevida (Kaplan-Meier) e regressão de Cox. Resultados: Foram incluídos 74 pacientes com média de idade 54 (+-15) anos. Em sua maioria, apresentavam tumores ginecológicos (52,7%) e digestivos (20,3%). O tempo mediano entre o diagnóstico de câncer e a colocação do FVC foi de 3,48 meses (0-203). No seguimento, foram observados 40 óbitos (54,1%) com mediana de tempo de 25 meses (IC 95%; 1,76-47,32). Na análise ajustada, verificou-se risco 5,63 vezes maior de morrer nos pacientes com colocação do FVC em até seis meses após o diagnóstico de câncer (HR=4,99; IC 95%; 2,20-11,33; p<0,001), e risco 2,47 vezes maior entre aqueles que não fizeram no pré-operatório (HR=2,47; IC 95%; 1,08-5,66; p=0,032). Conclusão: A colocação do FVC foi realizada com maior frequência em pacientes com tumores ginecológicos e em até seis meses após o diagnóstico de câncer foi associada a maior risco de óbito.

Introduction: Venous thromboembolism is a potentially fatal condition and frequent in oncologic patients. Quite often full anticoagulation is unfeasible, and placement of an inferior vena cava (IVC) filter becomes an option. Clinical indication, however, is controversial and expensive. Objective: To describe the demographic, clinical and epidemiological characteristics of oncologic patients submitted to IVC filter placement and their impact on global survival. Method: Retrospective cohort study with patients undergoing cancer treatment at INCA submitted to IVC filter placement from January 2015 to April 2017. Time between cancer diagnoses and death from any cause was considered for the analysis of the global 5-years survival. Descriptive analysis, survival estimates (Kaplan-Meyer) and Cox regression were performed. Results: 74 patients with a mean age of 54 (+15) years were included. Most of them had gynecological (52.7%) and digestive (20.3%) tumors. The median time between cancer diagnosis and IVC filter placement was 3.48 months (0-203). In the follow-up, 40 deaths (54.1%) were observed with a median time of 25 months (95% CI; 1.76 to 47.32). In the adjusted analysis, 5.63 times greater risk of death was verified in patients with IVC filter placement within six months after cancer diagnosis (HR=4.99; 95% CI; 2.20-11.33; p<0.001), and 2.47 times greater risk among those who did not do it at pre-operation (HR=2.47; 95% CI; 1.08-5.66; p=0.032). Conclusion: IVC filter placement was performed more frequently in patients with gynecological tumors and in until six months after cancer diagnosis was associated with increased risk of death.

Introducción: El tromboembolismo venoso es una afección potencialmente mortal y frecuente en pacientes con cáncer. La anticoagulación a menudo no es factible, y la colocación de un filtro de vena cava (FVC) se convierte en una opción. Sin embargo, las indicaciones clínicas son controvertidas y generan un alto costo. Objetivo: Describir las características demográficas, clínicas y epidemiológicas de los pacientes con colocación de CVF y su impacto en la supervivencia general. Método: Estudio de cohorte retrospectivo de pacientes sometidos a tratamiento contra el cáncer en INCA a quienes se les implantó FVC entre enero de 2015 y abril de 2017. En el análisis de la supervivencia general a cinco años, el tiempo transcurrido entre el diagnóstico de cáncer y la muerte cualquier causa Se realizó un análisis descriptivo, estimaciones de supervivencia (Kaplan-Meier) y regresión de Cox. Resultados: Se incluyeron 74 pacientes con una edad media de 54 (+-15) años. La mayoría de ellos tenían tumores ginecológicos (52,7%) y digestivos (20,3%). La mediana del tiempo entre el diagnóstico de cáncer y la colocación de FVC fue de 3,48 meses (0-203). En el período de seguimiento, se observaron 40 muertes (54,1%) con una mediana de tiempo de 25 meses (IC 95%: 1,76 a 47,32). En el análisis ajustado, se observó un riesgo de muerte 5,63 veces mayor en pacientes con colocación de FVC dentro de los seis meses posteriores al diagnóstico de cáncer (HR=4,99; IC 95%: 2,20-11,33; p<0,001) y 2,47 veces mayor riesgo entre aquellos que no lo hicieron antes de la operación (HR=2,47; IC 95%; 1,08-5,66; p=0,032). Conclusión: La colocación de FVC se realizó con mayor frecuencia en pacientes con tumores ginecológicos. La colocación de FVC dentro de los seis meses posteriores al diagnóstico de cáncer se asoció con un mayor riesgo de muerte.

Surgical venous thromboembolism prophylaxis: clinical practice update.

BACKGROUND: Perioperative medicine continues to evolve as new literature emerges. This article provides an update on prevention of venous thromboembolism (VTE) in surgical patients. METHODS: We reviewed articles on VTE prevention in surgical patients published in peer-reviewed journals since the publication of 2012 ACCP guidelines on VTE prevention in surgical patients. RESULTS: Methods of VTE prophylaxis include aggressive ambulation, mechanical prophylaxis, and pharmacological prophylaxis. In non-orthopedic surgery, the overall approach remains assessment of thrombosis risk with the recommendation to use a risk assessment tool such as the modified Caprini score. Low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) appears to be more effective than unfractionated heparin (UFH) for VTE prophylaxis in non-orthopedic surgery. For orthopedic surgery, recent studies now recognize aspirin as an option for VTE prophylaxis after total hip arthroplasty, total knee arthroplasty, and hip fracture surgery. Extended prophylaxis with LMWH reduces the risk of symptomatic VTE in high risk abdominal and pelvic cancer surgery without an appreciable increase in risk of bleeding and decreased symptomatic VTE in major orthopedic surgery but with more minor but not major bleeding. Prophylactic Inferior vena cava (IVC) filter placement or surveillance compression ultrasonography is not recommended in management or detection of VTE in surgical patients. CONCLUSIONS: This article aims to provide insight into data from last several years which has potential to change clinical practices in perioperative setting.

Prevalence of venous thromboembolism at pretreatment screening and associated risk factors in 2086 patients with gynecological cancer.

AIM: Postoperative pulmonary embolism can be a fatal surgical complication and is thought to occur secondary to asymptomatic venous thromboembolism (VTE) that exists preoperatively in some patients. The purpose of this study was to clarify the frequency and risk factors of pretreatment VTE in gynecological cancer patients. METHODS: This study investigated 2086 patients with gynecological cancer (cervix, n = 754; endometrium, n = 862; ovary, n = 470) who underwent initial treatment between 2004 and 2017. Pretreatment VTE screening was performed with D-dimer (DD) levels in these patients. Based on this, the associated risk factors were retrospectively analyzed. RESULTS: Pretreatment VTE was discovered in 7.3% of patients with cervical cancer, 11.5% of those with endometrial cancer and 27.0% of those with ovarian cancer. Significant independent risk factors were: age greater than or equal to 60 years and tumor long diameter greater than or equal to 40 mm for cervical cancer; age greater than or equal to 60 years, stage III/IV advanced disease, clear cell carcinoma and tumor long diameter greater than or equal to 60 mm for endometrial cancer; and age greater than or equal to 60 years, clear cell carcinoma and massive ascites for ovarian cancer. CONCLUSION: Pretreatment asymptomatic VTE is very frequent in gynecological cancer patients. It may be beneficial to consider measuring DD or performing venous ultrasonography in patients with the above risk factors.

Foot Drop After Iliocaval Vein Stenting: Radicular Syndrome from Stent Misplacement in Spinal Canal.

BACKGROUND: Endovascular procedures have become more and more prevalent in both general vascular and neurosurgical practices. Because these procedures rely on real-time bidimensional control through fluoroscopic guidance, they can be prone to spatial misplacement in the third dimension when not controlled in 2 different radiologic planes. CASE DESCRIPTION: We report a unique complication of an iliocaval vessel stenting procedure with misplacement of a venous stent in the spinal canal. This case illustrates the close vascular relationship between the large venous vessels of the abdomen and pelvis and epidural plexus of the spinal canal. CONCLUSIONS: The complex venous anatomy of the lumbar region and lumbar epidural space is illustrated in this unique case. We believe this may serve both vascular surgeons and neurosurgeons in their daily practice.

[Perioperative Venous Thromboembolism (VTE) Prophylaxis in Thoracic Cancer Patients: Chinese Experts Consensus - Interpretation of Epidemiological Characteristics].

Perioperative venous thromboembolism (VTE) of patients after thoracic cancer surgery has proved to be a serious or even fatal postoperative complication, which calls for great attention. China National Research Collaborative Group released the first edition of Chinese experts consensus on the perioperative VTE prophylaxis in 2018. This article is to interpret it on the aspect of epidemiological characteristics of perioperative venous thromboembolism and the current status of prophylaxis in China and other countries, in order to provide a better understanding of Chinese experts consensus for readers.

[Perioperative Venous Thromboembolism (VTE) Prophylaxis in Thoracic Cancer Patients: Chinese Experts Consensus - Interpretation of Screening of High-risk Patients].

Venous thromboembolism (VTE) is a common perioperative complication in patients with thoracic malignant tumor. Once it occurs, it will not only affect the prognosis of patients, but also occupy a lot of medical resources, which is gradually causing our widespread attention. However, the understanding of VTE in thoracic surgery in our country is relatively late, and the recognition and attention are not enough, and there is still a lack of guidance support for perioperative VTE. Based on the current understanding and preventive measures of VTE in thoracic surgery in China, The China National Research Collaborative Group released the first edition of Chinese experts consensus on the perioperative VTE prophylaxis in 2018. This article will interpret the high-risk patients with perioperative VTE in patients with thoracic malignant tumors, in order to provide a better understanding of Chinese experts consensus for readers.

[Perioperative Venous Thromboembolism (VTE) Prophylaxis in Thoracic Cancer Patients: Chinese Experts Consensus - Interpretation of Perioperative Hypercoagulable State].

Venous thromboembolism (VTE) is a common perioperative complication of lung cancer and a major cause of unexpected death in hospital. The clinical risk factors of VTE include: patients' factors (advanced age, obesity, etc.), tumor-related factors (classification, staging, etc.), treatment-related factors (chemotherapy, surgery, etc.). In addition, tumor cells express cancer procoagulant (CP), tissue factor (TF), inflammatory factors or activate platelets, inflammatory cells and other related cells, directly or indirectly activate the coagulation process, and cause blood hypercoagulable state, thus promote the occurrence of VTE. At the same time, the relevant biomarkers can also reflect the perioperative coagulation status of patients, which is helpful to more accurately identify high-risk subgroups to establish more accurate and targeted anticoagulation strategies to prevent thrombosis in lung cancer patients.

[Perioperative Venous Thromboembolism (VTE) Prophylaxis in Thoracic Cancer Patients: Chinese Experts Consensus - Interpretation of Application Prospect of Direct Oral Anticoagulant].

Venous thromboembolism (VTE) is a preventable perioperative complication of malignant tumor in thoracic surgery. At present, low molecular weight heparin anticoagulants are the first choices for perioperative drug prevention of malignant tumors, and direct oral anticoagulants are not recommended for perioperative use of malignant tumors in thoracic surgery, but their application in other related fields is relatively mature. This article will introduce direct oral anticoagulants and analyze the prospect of their perioperative application in patients with thoracic malignant tumors. It is helpful to better understand the relevant contents of "perioperative VTE prophylaxis in thoracic cancer patients: Chinese experts consensus (2018 edition)".

A double dilemma: treatment of stage IV fetal twin-twin transfusion syndrome in the setting of maternal recurrent venous thromoembolism: a case report.

BACKGROUND: Fetal conditions can pose significant challenges in the management of pregnancies complicated by pre-existing maternal medical conditions. CASE PRESENTATION: We report a case of a 34-year-old woman with Stage IV Twin Twin Transfusion syndrome in the presence of maternal recurrent complex venous thromboembolic disease. Following a previous pregnancy loss, complicated by a third episode of thromboembolic disease, an inferior vena cava filter was placed. One month later, a pregnancy was confirmed and subsequently identified as a monochorionic twin pregnancy. Twin-Twin Transfusion syndrome was identified at 18 weeks' gestation and progressed rapidly to Quintero Stage IV. In consultation with a multi-disciplinary international team, fetoscopic laser photocoagulation was performed. The pregnancy progressed to delivery of female infants at 33 weeks gestation, who have achieved all developmental milestones at 2 years of age. CONCLUSIONS: We describe the multi-disciplinary effort to optimise the maternal condition to allow fetoscopic laser photocoagulation and continued management of the maternal and fetal conditions to a successful pregnancy outcome.

Rivaroxabana para profilaxia de tromboembolismo venoso em abdominoplastia após grande perda ponderal: 396 casos / Rivaroxaban for venous thromboembolism prophylaxis in abdominoplasty after massive weight loss: 396 cases

Introdução: Abdominoplastia consiste em um dos procedimentos estéticos mais populares realizados no Brasil. Pacientes pósbariátricos representam um desafio peculiar ao cirurgião plástico, uma vez que não só requerem reconstruções complexas, mas também apresentam comorbidades residuais e deficiências nutricionais. O tromboembolismo venoso (TEV) constitui uma complicação grave e potencialmente fatal da abdominoplastia. Apesar da pequena frequência desta complicação, os métodos aceitos como padrões para prevenção de TEV em pacientes após abdominoplastia, incluindo quimioprofilaxia, permanecem controversos. Objetivo: Avaliar a experiência do autor com rivaroxabana para profilaxia de TEV em pacientes submetidos a abdominoplastia após grande perda ponderal. Métodos: Uma série de 396 casos foi conduzida retrospectivamente. Todos os pacientes submetidos à abdominoplastia após cirurgia bariátrica que receberam rivaroxabana foram incluídos. A dose profilática foi de 10mg por dia. Dados demográficos, comorbidades, tipo de cirurgia e complicações foram registrados. Resultados: 396 casos de pacientes pós-bariátricos (356 mulheres e 40 homens) foram submetidos à abdominoplastia e receberam rivaroxabana no pós-operatório, de julho de 2015 a julho de 2018. A média de idade dos pacientes foi de 39,1 anos. O índice de massa corporal médio no momento da abdominoplastia foi de 27,2kg/m². Houve apenas um caso de tromboembolismo venoso (0,25%). Treze pacientes apresentaram hematoma com necessidade de drenagem. Conclusões: A quimioprofilaxia de rotina com rivaroxabana para pacientes submetidos à abdominoplastia após grande perda ponderal revela uma baixa incidência de TEV. Esta medicação oral é bem tolerada e apresenta um perfil de complicação aceitável.

Introduction: Abdominoplasty is one of the most popular aesthetic procedures performed in Brazil. Postbariatric patients present a challenge to the plastic surgeon as not only do they have complex reconstructive challenges but also they have residual medical comorbidities and nutritional deficiencies. A serious and potentially fatal complication of abdominoplasty is venous thromboembolism (VTE). Despite the frequency of this serious complication, the accepted standard methods to prevent VTE in abdominoplasty patients, including chemoprophylaxis, remain controversy. Objective: To evaluate the author experience with rivaroxaban, for VTE prophylaxis in abdominoplasty patients after massive weight loss. Methods: A retrospective 396 cases series were conducted. All patients who underwent abdominoplasty after bariatric surgery and received rivaroxaban were included. The prophylactic dose was 10 mg daily for 30 days, beginning 24 hours postoperatively. Patient demographics, comorbidities, type of surgery and complications were recorded. Results: From July 2015 until July 2018, 396 post bariatric patients (356 women and 40 men) underwent abdominoplasty and received rivaroxaban postoperatively. The mean body mass index prior to their weight loss procedure was 43.8kg/m2 (range, 37.3- 61.9kg/m2) and mean BMI was 27.2kg/m² at the time of the abdominoplasty. Mean patient age was 39.1 years. Only one patient had a symptomatic PTE event. Thirteen patients had a hematoma requiring operative evacuation, and all went on to heal without sequel. Conclusions: Routine chemoprophylaxis with rivaroxaban for abdominoplasty patients after massive weight loss has a low rate of VTE events. This oral medication is well tolerated and has an acceptable complication profile.

Risk and Risk Factors Associated With Recurrent Venous Thromboembolism Following Surgery in Patients With History of Venous Thromboembolism.

Importance: The size of the risk of recurrent venous thromboembolism (VTE) after surgery in patients with a history of VTE is not well known. Objectives: To estimate the risk of and to identify the factors associated with recurrent VTE in patients undergoing surgery who have a history of VTE. Design, Setting, and Participants: This population-based, follow-up cohort study includes patients with VTE who participated in the Multiple Environment and Genetic Assessment (MEGA) study. Original data were collected from March 1999 to April 2010. Data analysis began in June 1999 and ended in April 2010. Exposures: Surgery following a first VTE. Main Outcomes and Measurements: Kaplan-Meier analyses were used to estimate cumulative incidences of recurrent VTE. Cox regression with a time-dependent covariate (surgery) was used to calculate the hazard ratio (HR) for developing recurrent VTE after surgery compared with no surgery. Results: Overall, 3741 patients (mean [SD] age, 48.4 [12.8] years; 2020 [54.0%] women) with a history of VTE were included in the analysis, amounting to 18 899 person-years, with a median (interquartile range) follow-up of 5.7 (3.0-7.2) years. Of the 3741 patients, 580 (15.5%) underwent surgery and 601 (16.1%) developed a recurrent thrombotic event. The 1-month cumulative incidence of recurrent VTE for all surgery types was 2.1% (95% CI, 1.2%-3.6%), which increased to 3.3% (95% CI, 2.1%-5.1%) at 3 months and 4.6% (95% CI, 3.1%-6.6%) at 6 months. At 6 months, risk of recurrent VTE ranged from 2.3% to 9.3%, depending on surgery type. In addition to surgery type, factor V Leiden mutation (HR, 3.4; 95% CI, 1.6-7.4) and male sex (HR, 2.7; 95% CI, 1.3-5.8) were associated with increased risk of recurrent VTE. Conclusions and Relevance: Surgery was associated with an increased risk of recurrent VTE in patients with a history of VTE; risk remained high for up to 6 months after the procedure. This study suggests that high-risk individuals may be identified based on surgery type, sex, and the presence of factor V Leiden mutation. These findings stress the need for revision of the current thromboprophylactic approach to prevent recurrence in these patients.