RESUMO
Introduction. Human adenovirus (HAdV) has been reported as a potential cause of sexually transmitted urethritis.Aim. We aimed to investigate HAdVs associated with urethritis in Osaka, Japan through molecular characterization.Methodology. Urine samples were obtained from male patients with urethritis from 2015 to 2018. Molecular analysis of the isolated strains and follow-up real-time polymerase chain reaction analyses of the clinical samples were performed.Results. The isolates were classified into five types belonging to species D (18 cases) or E (one case). HAdV-85 (species D) was detected for the first time in a urethritis case. Follow-up examination demonstrated that HAdV was isolated from urine samples half a month after the first sampling in four cases, and that viral DNA could be detected after 1 month in two cases.Conclusion. The HAdV types detected from urethritis cases were related to respiratory and ocular HAdV infections, while a novel HAdV type identified as a cause of conjunctivitis also causes urethritis. Sexual contact should be avoided for 1 month after HAdV genital infection.
Assuntos
Infecções por Adenovirus Humanos/virologia , Adenovírus Humanos/isolamento & purificação , Uretrite/virologia , Infecções por Adenovirus Humanos/diagnóstico , Adenovírus Humanos/classificação , Adenovírus Humanos/genética , Adulto , DNA Viral/genética , Humanos , Japão , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Uretrite/diagnósticoAssuntos
Adenoviridae/isolamento & purificação , Infecções por Adenovirus Humanos/diagnóstico , Parafimose/diagnóstico , Uretrite/diagnóstico , Adenoviridae/genética , Infecções por Adenovirus Humanos/tratamento farmacológico , Adulto , Antibacterianos/uso terapêutico , Cefalexina/uso terapêutico , Conjuntivite/diagnóstico , Conjuntivite/tratamento farmacológico , Conjuntivite/virologia , Humanos , Masculino , Parafimose/tratamento farmacológico , Parafimose/virologia , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase , Resultado do Tratamento , Uretrite/tratamento farmacológico , Uretrite/virologiaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Urethritis is a common sexually transmitted disease, and human adenoviruses (HAdVs) have been found to be associated with nonchlamydial nongonococcal urethritis. However, the level and viability of HAdV in the urine of patients with urethritis remain unclear. METHODS: Male patients with urethritis and an asymptomatic group were screened using their First-void urine (FVU) for urethritis-related pathogens to identify those with HAdV DNA. FVU and gargle fluid were collected from all patients including from those in the asymptomatic group. A swab of eye discharge was also collected from patients with eye symptoms. The pharyngeal and/ or ocular fluid was also screened only in cases in which FVU was positive for HAdV DNA. HAdVs were isolated using A549 cell lines and typed by sequencing, and viral shedding during 2 years was quantified using real-time PCR. The prevalence of HAdV was assessed in the urethritis and asymptomatic groups, and viral load, isolated HAdV types, and urethral symptoms were compared between the groups. RESULTS: The positive detection rate of HAdV DNA was significantly higher in the urethritis group than in the asymptomatic group. Of 398 patients with urethritis, HAdV was isolated in all 32 cases (23 cases in which only HAdV DNA was detected with a mean of 2 × 109 copies/mL in urine samples). Of 124 control cases, one had HAdV monoinfection. The most frequently detected HAdV type was 56, followed by types 37 and 64. Regarding the relationship between symptoms and isolated HAdVs, the virus was isolated for up to 12 days after urethritis symptoms disappeared. CONCLUSIONS: HAdVs were significantly detected and isolated from the FVU of patients with urethritis. Furthermore, high levels of infectious HAdVs are excreted in urine for a long period even after urethritis symptoms disappear.
Assuntos
Infecções por Adenovirus Humanos/urina , Adenovírus Humanos , Infecções Sexualmente Transmissíveis , Uretrite , Eliminação de Partículas Virais , Adulto , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Humanos , Masculino , Infecções Sexualmente Transmissíveis/urina , Infecções Sexualmente Transmissíveis/virologia , Uretrite/urina , Uretrite/virologia , Carga ViralRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Non-gonococcal urethritis (NGU) is a common syndrome in men. NGU may have several causes, but many cases are caused by sexually transmitted infections that may also cause complications in their female partners. Chlamydia trachomatis and Mycoplasma genitalium are the most common causes of NGU, but in up to 35% of the cases, none of the known viral or bacterial causes are found. Traditionally, pathogens have been detected using various culture techniques that may not identify all species present in the urethra. To address this, we used culture-independent methods for analysis of the male urethral microbiota. METHODS: This case-control study analysed first void urine samples, collected at STD clinics in Stockholm, Sweden from men with idiopathic urethritis (IU), i.e. negative for Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Chlamydia trachomatis, Mycoplasma genitalium, Ureaplasma urealyticum, Trichomonas vaginalis, adenovirus, and herpes simplex virus type 1 and -2 together with samples from men without urethritis. Forty-six controls and 39 idiopathic urethritis patients were analysed. RESULTS: The microbiota was highly diverse: None of the 302 operational taxonomic units (OTUs) found in negative controls and IU patients were found in all of the samples or even in all of the samples in one group. More than 50% of the OTUs were only found in one or two of the total of 85 samples. Still the most dominant 1/6 of the genera constituted 79% of the sequences. Hierarchical clustering in a heatmap showed no specific clustering of patients or controls. A number of IU patient samples were dominated by a single genus previously related to urethritis (Gardnerella, Haemophilus, Ureaplasma). CONCLUSION: The male urethra contain a very diverse composition of bacteria, even in healthy controls. NGU may be caused by a number of different bacteria but more studies including a higher number of samples are needed for elucidation of the role of each species.
Assuntos
Adenoviridae , Bactérias Gram-Negativas , Herpesvirus Humano 1 , Herpesvirus Humano 2 , Uretrite , Urina , Adenoviridae/classificação , Adenoviridae/genética , Adulto , Bactérias Gram-Negativas/classificação , Bactérias Gram-Negativas/genética , Herpesvirus Humano 1/genética , Herpesvirus Humano 2/genética , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Uretra/microbiologia , Uretra/virologia , Uretrite/microbiologia , Uretrite/urina , Uretrite/virologia , Urina/microbiologia , Urina/virologiaRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: The present study aimed to investigate human papillomavirus (HPV) prevalence and identify risk factors for HPV detection in urine samples among heterosexual men attending urological clinics. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Spot urine samples including initial stream were collected from 845 participants, and the cell pellets were preserved into liquid-based cytological solution. After DNA extraction from each sample, HPV-DNA amplification and genotyping were performed using Luminex multiplex polymerase chain reaction. Participants completed a questionnaire on their age, education, smoking status, sexuality, age of sexual debut, marital status, and present history of sexually transmitted infections. RESULTS: Data from 803 patients were included in the analysis. Overall HPV and high-risk (HR)HPV prevalence in urine samples were 6.2% and 3.1%, respectively. HPV and HR-HPV prevalences were the highest in men with urethritis, and were significantly higher than those without urethritis. HPV detection was the most common in men aged 40-49 years, although significant detection differences were not age-related. Urethritis was an independent risk factor for HPV detection from urine samples, with an odds ratio (OR) of 4.548 (95%CI; 1.802-11.476) (p = 0.001). On the other hand, a sub-analysis excluding men with urethritis demonstrated that prostate cancer was a significant risk factor for HPV detection, with OR of 2.844 (95%CI; 1.046-7.732) (p = 0.0410), whereas was not a significant risk for HR-HPV detection in urine samples. CONCLUSION: Prostate cancer may represent a risk factor for HPV detection in the urine of men without urethritis. REGISTRATION OF CLINICAL TRIALS: The authors did not register to Clinical Trial because this is observational and cross-sectional study.
Assuntos
Papillomaviridae/genética , Papillomaviridae/isolamento & purificação , Infecções por Papillomavirus/urina , Infecções Sexualmente Transmissíveis/urina , Adulto , Estudos Transversais , DNA Viral/genética , Heterossexualidade , Humanos , Japão , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Infecções por Papillomavirus/virologia , Prevalência , Fatores de Risco , Infecções Sexualmente Transmissíveis/virologia , Uretrite/urina , Uretrite/virologiaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Human papillomavirus (HPV)-induced lesions rarely develop in the urethral meatus (UM); however, their eradication can be problematic. METHODS: A total of 22 patients with anogenital warts (AGWs) in the UM region and 22 patients with AGWs located at other anatomical sites were included in this cross-sectional study. The presence of human papillomavirus (HPV) types in biopsy samples was determined using the HPV Easy typing kit (GenID GmbH, Germany). RESULTS: Although the patients in the AGW group with involvement of the UM had a higher incidence of reported multiple sexual partners (63.6% vs. 40.9%), larger meatus size (81.8% vs. 36.4%), and more frequent anal (36.4% vs. 18.2%) or unprotected sexual contact (68.2% vs. 36.4%) than those in the AGW group without UM involvement, only the duration of lesions (p = 0.04) and meatus size (p = 0.004) were significantly different in both groups. Low-risk HPV types were found in 75.0% and 69.2% of patients in the AGW groups with and without UM involvement, respectively. CONCLUSION: We found that a larger UM size was more prone to the development of meatus AGWs; however, being married, delaying sexual debut, and avoidance of multiple sexual partners seemed to be associated with a decreased risk of development of AGWs, especially within the UM region.
Assuntos
Condiloma Acuminado/patologia , Papillomaviridae/isolamento & purificação , Uretrite/virologia , Adulto , Estudos Transversais , Humanos , Irã (Geográfico) , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Fatores de Risco , Parceiros SexuaisRESUMO
OBJECTIVES: To detect microorganisms responsible for male acute urethritis and to define the microbiology of non-gonococcal urethritis. METHODS: The present study comprised 424 men with symptoms and signs compatible with acute urethritis. Their urethral swabs and first-voided urine underwent detection of the microorganisms. Demographic characteristics and clinical features of Mycoplasma genitalium-, Ureaplasma urealyticum-, Haemophilus influenza-, adenovirus- or Herpes simplex virus-positive monomicrobial non-gonococcal urethritis, or all-examined microorganism-negative urethritis in heterosexual men were compared with urethritis positive only for Chlamydia trachomatis. RESULTS: Neisseria gonorrhoeae was detected in 127 men (30.0%). In 297 men with non-gonococcal urethritis, C. trachomatis was detected in 143 (48.1%). In 154 men with non-chlamydial non-gonococcal urethritis, M. genitalium (22.7%), M. hominis (5.8%), Ureaplasma parvum (9.1%), U. urealyticum (19.5%), H. influenzae (14.3%), Neisseria meningitidis (3.9%), Trichomonas vaginalis (1.3%), human adenovirus (16.2%), and Herpes simplex virus types 1 (7.1%) and 2 (2.6%) were detected. Although some features of monomicrobial non-chlamydial non-gonococcal urethritis or all-examined microorganism-negative urethritis were significantly different from those of monomicrobial chlamydial non-gonococcal urethritis, most features were superimposed. CONCLUSIONS: Predicting causative microorganisms in men with non-gonococcal urethritis based on demographic and clinical features is difficult. However, the present study provides useful information to better understand the microbiological diversity in non-gonococcal urethritis, and to manage patients with non-gonococcal urethritis appropriately.
Assuntos
Bactérias Gram-Negativas/isolamento & purificação , Infecções por Bactérias Gram-Negativas/microbiologia , Uretrite/microbiologia , Doença Aguda , Infecções por Adenovirus Humanos/epidemiologia , Infecções por Adenovirus Humanos/virologia , Adenovírus Humanos/isolamento & purificação , Adulto , Demografia/estatística & dados numéricos , Infecções por Bactérias Gram-Negativas/epidemiologia , Herpes Genital/epidemiologia , Herpes Genital/virologia , Herpesvirus Humano 1/isolamento & purificação , Herpesvirus Humano 2/isolamento & purificação , Heterossexualidade/estatística & dados numéricos , Humanos , Masculino , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase , Prevalência , Uretrite/epidemiologia , Uretrite/virologiaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to characterise the clinical features of adenovirus urethritis in men and to compare the frequency of these between heterosexual men and men who have sex with men (MSM). METHODS: This was a review of the clinical and laboratory information from men diagnosed with PCR-confirmed adenovirus urethritis at the Melbourne Sexual Health Centre between January 2006 and April 2014. RESULTS: 102 adenovirus urethritis cases were reported, among which 61 were heterosexual men and 41 MSM. Eighty-nine per cent (n=91) had signs of meatitis or conjunctivitis: 51% had meatitis only; 32% meatitis together with conjunctivitis and 6% with conjunctivitis only. The distribution of symptoms and signs was similar among heterosexual men and MSM (p values >0.1). Adenovirus was the sole pathogen found in 93% of cases, excluding gonorrhoea, chlamydia, Mycoplasma genitalium and herpes simplex virus. Only 37% had ≥5 polymorphs per high-power field from a urethral smear. Where samples were still available for adenoviral sequencing (n=20), all were subgroup D. CONCLUSIONS: The clinical features of adenovirus urethritis in men can be distinctive and aid diagnosis, distinguishing it from other treatable causes of male urethritis.
Assuntos
Infecções por Adenovirus Humanos/epidemiologia , Heterossexualidade , Homossexualidade Masculina , Uretrite/epidemiologia , Adenovírus Humanos/genética , Adenovírus Humanos/isolamento & purificação , Adulto , Proteínas do Capsídeo/genética , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Prontuários Médicos , Estudos Retrospectivos , Parceiros Sexuais , Uretra/virologia , Uretrite/virologia , Urina/virologia , Vitória/epidemiologiaRESUMO
This cross-sectional study investigated the prevalence, genotypes, and risk factors for human papillomavirus (HPV) infection in Hanoi, Vietnam. The study included 192 males (mean age, 32.9 years) with symptoms related to sexually transmitted infections (STI). Urinary, penile, and urethral samples were collected in April and May, 2014. HPV DNA was detected with PCR, performed with modified and/or original GP5(+)/GP6(+) primers. HPV genotypes were determined with a gene array assay. Neisseria gonorrhoeae (NG) and Chlamydia trachomatis (CT) DNA were detected with loop-mediated isothermal amplification. HPV DNA, NG, and CT were detected in 48 (25.0%), 23 (12.0%), and 41 (21.4%) patients, respectively. HPV DNA appeared in penile samples (21.0%, 39/186) more frequently than in urinary (3.1%, 6/191, P < 0.001) and urethral (9.4%, 18/192, P = 0.002) samples. Among patients with HPV, genotype prevalence was: HPV81 (22.9%), HPV52 (18.8%), HPV18 (16.7%), and HPV16 (6.3%). Multiple-type and high risk-type HPV infections were determined in 33.3% and 64.6%, respectively. Multivariate analysis showed a significant association of HPV infection in urethra with younger sexual debut age. HPV52 was the most prevalent high-risk HPV genotype, whereas HPV16 was less common in the male Vietnamese patients with STI-related symptoms. Younger sexual-debut age was a risk factor for HPV infection in urethra.
Assuntos
Papillomaviridae/isolamento & purificação , Infecções por Papillomavirus/epidemiologia , Infecções por Papillomavirus/virologia , Infecções Sexualmente Transmissíveis/epidemiologia , Adulto , Idoso , Infecções por Chlamydia/complicações , Infecções por Chlamydia/epidemiologia , Infecções por Chlamydia/microbiologia , Chlamydia trachomatis/isolamento & purificação , Coinfecção/epidemiologia , Estudos Transversais , Genótipo , Gonorreia/complicações , Gonorreia/epidemiologia , Gonorreia/microbiologia , Gonorreia/virologia , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Neisseria gonorrhoeae/isolamento & purificação , Papillomaviridae/genética , Papillomaviridae/fisiologia , Infecções por Papillomavirus/complicações , Pênis/virologia , Prevalência , Fatores de Risco , Comportamento Sexual , Infecções Sexualmente Transmissíveis/virologia , Uretra/virologia , Uretrite/epidemiologia , Uretrite/virologia , Urina/virologia , Vietnã/epidemiologia , Adulto JovemRESUMO
We present eight cases and review the literature of concurrent urethritis and conjunctivitis where adenovirus was identified as the causative pathogen. The focus of this review concerns the identification of specific sexual practices, symptoms, signs and any serotypes that seem more commonly associated with such adenovirus infections. We discuss the seasonality of adenovirus infection and provide practical advice for clinicians to give to the patient.
Assuntos
Infecções por Adenoviridae/diagnóstico , Adenovírus Humanos/isolamento & purificação , Conjuntivite/diagnóstico , Uretrite/complicações , Uretrite/diagnóstico , Infecções por Adenoviridae/patologia , Infecções por Adenoviridae/virologia , Adulto , Conjuntivite/patologia , Conjuntivite/virologia , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Uretrite/patologia , Uretrite/virologiaRESUMO
Adenovirus is a recognised cause of non-gonococcal urethritis, and is not uncommonly associated with extragenital signs and symptoms. This case report describes a patient with symptoms of conjunctivitis, meatitis and urethritis. The urethral smear revealed almost exclusively monocytes microscopically, raising the suspicion of a viral aetiology. Results confirmed the presence of adenovirus in both the eyes and urethra. Despite waning reliance on the urethral smear in sexual health clinics, it can still be an important diagnostic tool in assessing the aetiology of non-specific urethritis. Finding an obvious monocytic cell response in the urethral smear can indicate a viral cause and allow the clinician to optimise management, counsel appropriately, and potentially reduce unnecessary antibiotic use.
Assuntos
Infecções por Adenovirus Humanos/diagnóstico , Adenovírus Humanos/isolamento & purificação , Conjuntivite Viral , Disuria/etiologia , Uretrite/diagnóstico , Infecções por Adenovirus Humanos/tratamento farmacológico , Infecções por Adenovirus Humanos/virologia , Antivirais/uso terapêutico , Humanos , Masculino , Resultado do Tratamento , Uretrite/tratamento farmacológico , Uretrite/virologiaRESUMO
The impact of Adenovirus as agent of non-gonococcal urethritis (NGU) is still poorly documented in the literature. We describe two cases showing that adenoviral infection should be reasonably hypothesized in men with dysuria and scant urethral discharge in addition to meatus inflammation and/or edema (meatitis) or conjunctivitis. Case 1: a 55-year-old man came to our observation in July 2012 referring a 5-day-history of intense dysuria and scant mucoid urethral discharge. Physical examination revealed the urethral discharge referred, but also modest meatitis and an intense conjunctival hyperemia on his right eye. Adenoviral infection was investigated and Adenovirus DNA (type 37) was detected in both the urethral and conjunctival swabs. Case 2: a 43-year-old man with intense dysuria, started 4-5 days earlier, came to our attention with his wife in August 2012. Scant urethral mucoid secretions, severe meatal inflammation of the male patient were revealed during physical examination. His wife instead complained of a 2-day history of intense burning eyes. Adenoviral infection was investigated and Adenovirus DNA (type 37) was positive both in the male urethral swab and in his wife's conjunctival swab. Adenovirus seems to cause a distinct and recognisable clinical syndrome in men presenting with urethritis. Studies on the prevalence and role of Adenovirus as a causative agent of urethritis are limited. Moreover, as rapid advanced molecular microbiology is now available, we believe that extending the search to Adenovirus in sexually active men with dysuria, scant discharge in addition to meatitis or conjunctivitis, should be a useful approach improving our understanding about adenoviral NGU, and especially avoiding or stopping unnecessary empirical antibiotic therapy.
Assuntos
Infecções por Adenoviridae/virologia , Adenoviridae/isolamento & purificação , Uretrite/virologia , Adenoviridae/genética , Infecções por Adenoviridae/diagnóstico , Adulto , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Uretrite/diagnósticoRESUMO
The article is devoted to combined affection of the lower urinary tracts and genitalia in women with human papilloma virus (HPV) infection which manifests with persistent recurrent urethritis, pelvic pain syndrome. The colposcopic and urethrocystoscopic features, disturbed microcirculation of urethral and vaginal mucosa in virus infection promoting recurrences and persistence of HPV are discussed. Immunomodulators (inosin pranobex-groprinosin) are recommended for more effective treatment.
Assuntos
Alphapapillomavirus , Antivirais/administração & dosagem , Imunomodulação , Inosina Pranobex/administração & dosagem , Infecções por Papillomavirus , Uretrite , Vulvodinia , Adolescente , Adulto , Doença Crônica , Feminino , Humanos , Infecções por Papillomavirus/tratamento farmacológico , Infecções por Papillomavirus/patologia , Uretrite/tratamento farmacológico , Uretrite/patologia , Uretrite/virologia , Vulvodinia/tratamento farmacológico , Vulvodinia/patologia , Vulvodinia/virologiaAssuntos
Infecções por Adenovirus Humanos/complicações , Infecções por Adenovirus Humanos/virologia , Adenovírus Humanos/isolamento & purificação , Conjuntivite Viral/virologia , Uretrite/virologia , Adenovírus Humanos/classificação , Adenovírus Humanos/genética , DNA Viral/análise , Humanos , Japão , Masculino , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase , Análise de Sequência de DNARESUMO
To analyze the risk factors for HPV infection in the urethra, we examined the prevalence of various microorganisms, for example Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Chlamydia trachomatis, Mycoplasma genitalium, Mycoplasma hominis, Ureaplasma urealyticum, Ureaplasma parvum, Gardnerella vaginalis, and human papillomavirus (HPV) in Japanese male patients with urethritis, and investigated their sexual backgrounds. Rubbed samples obtained from the distal urethra and questionnaires regarding sexual activity and demographic information were collected from 176 participants. N. gonorrhoeae, C. trachomatis, M. genitalium, M. hominis, U. urealyticum, U. parvum, G. vaginalis, and HPV were detected in 19, 26, 18, 12, 12, 8.5, 14, and 20%, respectively, of all cases in this study. Multivariate logistic regression analysis indicated that more than 4 sexual partners within the last year and presence of N. gonorrhoeae and/or C. trachomatis and/or M. genitalium infections were independent risk factors for urethral HPV infection, with odds ratios of 3.85 (95% CI 1.49-9.94) and 2.41 (95% CI 1.03-5.61), respectively. It is likely that urethral HPV detection is associated with current sexual activity and the presence of N. gonorrhoeae, C. trachomatis, and/or M. genitalium infections.
Assuntos
Infecções por Bactérias Gram-Negativas/epidemiologia , Infecções por Bactérias Gram-Negativas/microbiologia , Infecções por Papillomavirus/epidemiologia , Infecções por Papillomavirus/microbiologia , Uretrite/epidemiologia , Uretrite/microbiologia , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Distribuição de Qui-Quadrado , Chlamydia trachomatis/isolamento & purificação , Gardnerella vaginalis/isolamento & purificação , Infecções por Bactérias Gram-Negativas/virologia , Humanos , Japão/epidemiologia , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Análise Multivariada , Infecções por Mycoplasma/epidemiologia , Infecções por Mycoplasma/microbiologia , Infecções por Mycoplasma/virologia , Mycoplasma genitalium/isolamento & purificação , Mycoplasma hominis/isolamento & purificação , Neisseria gonorrhoeae/isolamento & purificação , Papillomaviridae/isolamento & purificação , Infecções por Papillomavirus/virologia , Prevalência , Fatores de Risco , Inquéritos e Questionários , Ureaplasma/isolamento & purificação , Infecções por Ureaplasma/epidemiologia , Infecções por Ureaplasma/microbiologia , Infecções por Ureaplasma/virologia , Uretrite/virologiaRESUMO
OBJECTIVES: To investigate the prevalence of human papillomavirus (HPV) in the genital and urinary tract of men with urethritis. METHODS: Cell samples were collected from the penis, urethra and urine of 142 men with urethritis. A HPV test was performed on the samples using the modified GP5+/6+ polymerase chain reaction method, and the HPV genotype was determined using a HPV GenoArray test. RESULTS: Out of 142 urethritis patients, HPV was detected in 48% (68 cases), and high-risk HPV was found in 32% (46 cases) of patients, on their penis or in the urinary tract (urethra or urine). HPV was detected in 31% in the penis, 20% in the urethra and 24% in the urine, while high-risk HPV was identified in 23% in the penis, 12% in the urethra and 11% in the urine. Among the HPV-positive men, 66% had HPV infection in the urinary tract where the most common HPV types were HPV6, HPV16, HPV18 and HPV58. Single HPV-type infection was more frequently found in the urinary tract (89%) than in the penis (65%) (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Similar to the penis, the urinary tract represents a common HPV infection site in men with urethritis.
Assuntos
Infecções por Papillomavirus/epidemiologia , Uretrite/virologia , Infecções Urinárias/epidemiologia , Adulto , Humanos , Japão , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Pênis/virologia , Prevalência , Uretra/virologia , Urina/virologia , Adulto JovemRESUMO
Male urethritis is one of the most common sexually transmitted infections (STIs). However, the aetiology is still unclear in many cases. In this study the prevalences of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1), HSV-2, cytomegalovirus (CMV), adenovirus, Chlamydia trachomatis, Mycoplasma genitalium and Ureaplasma urealyticum (including subtyping) were investigated. Samples from 112 male STI attendants with microscopically verified urethritis and from a control group of 103 men without clinical or microscopic signs of urethritis were analysed. Prevalences in the urethritis group compared with the controls were as follows: EBV 21%, 6% (P < 0.01); C. trachomatis 15%, 3% (P < 0.01); M. genitalium 6%, 1% (P = 0.067) and U. urealyticum 10%, 10% (ns). The results for HSV-1, HSV-2, CMV and adenovirus were negative in patients, and therefore not analysed in the controls. EBV was shown to be an independent predictor of urethritis and may play a role in its pathogenesis.