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3.
PLoS One ; 15(7): e0235345, 2020.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32667930

RESUMO

This study was carried out to investigate the risks of simultaneous exposure to pesticide residues and bacteria contaminants in locally produced fresh vegetables and vegetables in Tanzania. A total of 613 samples were analyzed for pesticide residues, out of which 250 were also analyzed for bacterial contamination. Overall, 47.5% had pesticide residues, 74.2% exceeded Maximum Residue Levels (MRLs). Organophosphorus (95.2%), organochlorines (24.0%), pyrethroids (17.3%), and carbamates (9.2%) residues dominated. MRL values were mostly exceeded in tomatoes, onions, watermelons, cucumbers, Chinese cabbage, and sweet paper. Tetramethrin (0.0329-1.3733 mg/kg), pirimiphos-methyl (0.0003-1.4093 mg/kg), permethrin (0.0009-2.4537 mg/kg), endosulfan (beta) (0.0008-2.3416 mg/kg), carbaryl (0.0215-1.5068 mg/kg), profenofos (0.0176-2.1377 mg/kg), chlorpyrifos (0.0004-1.2549 mg/kg) and dieldrin (0.0011-0.5271 mg/kg) exceeded MRLs. The prevalence of bacteria contamination was high (63.2%). Enterobacter (55.6%) Pseudomonas aeruginosa (32.4%), E. coli (28.2%), Citrobacter (26.8%), Klebsiella oxytoca (14.8%), and Salmonella (7.7%) were isolated. Furthermore, 46.4% tested positive for both pesticide residues and bacterial contaminants. Vegetables from farms (60.7%) contained more dual contaminants than market-based vegetables (41.8%). This may have resulted from excessive pesticide use and unhygienic handling of fresh fruits and vegetables at production level. Binary logistic regression showed that fresh fruits and vegetables with pesticide residues were 2.231 times more likely to have bacteria contaminants (OR: 2.231; 95% CI: 0.501, 8.802). The contamination levels of pesticide residues and bacterial contaminants could be perceived as a serious problem as most fresh fruits and vegetables recorded values of pesticide residues far above the MRLs with pathogenic bacteria isolated in higher proportions. MRLs was higher in most vegetables consumed raw or semi-cooked such as watermelons, carrots, cucumber, tomatoes, onion and sweet paper. There is an urgent need to develop pesticide monitoring and surveillance systems at farmer level, educating farmers and promoting the use of greener pesticides to mitigate the health effects of pesticides and bacterial contaminants.


Assuntos
Contaminação de Alimentos/análise , Frutas/efeitos adversos , Praguicidas/efeitos adversos , Verduras/efeitos adversos , Citrobacter/isolamento & purificação , Citrobacter/patogenicidade , Enterobacter/isolamento & purificação , Enterobacter/patogenicidade , Frutas/química , Frutas/microbiologia , Humanos , Hidrocarbonetos Clorados/efeitos adversos , Hidrocarbonetos Clorados/química , Klebsiella oxytoca/isolamento & purificação , Klebsiella oxytoca/patogenicidade , Resíduos de Praguicidas/efeitos adversos , Resíduos de Praguicidas/química , Praguicidas/química , Pseudomonas aeruginosa/isolamento & purificação , Pseudomonas aeruginosa/patogenicidade , Piretrinas/efeitos adversos , Piretrinas/química , Salmonella/isolamento & purificação , Salmonella/patogenicidade , Verduras/química , Verduras/microbiologia
5.
Nutrition ; 65: 1-5, 2019 09.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31029915

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: Dietary intake of vegetables is one of the key lifestyle factors associated with preventing cancer and cardiovascular disease (CVD). Although previous studies have provided evidence that dietary factors can alter global DNA methylation levels in humans, little work has been done on dietary factors influencing methylation levels of specific genes associated with CVD. The aim of this study was to examine whether dietary intake of vegetables was associated with adenosine triphosphate-binding membrane cassette transporter A1 (ABCA1) DNA methylation levels in leukocytes in a Japanese population. METHODS: This cross-sectional study included 279 Japanese adults (125 men, 154 women) without any clinical history of cancer, stroke, or ischemic heart disease. ABCA1 DNA methylation levels in leukocytes were measured using a pyrosequencing method. Information on dietary vegetable intake was obtained from the validated food frequency questionnaire. RESULTS: Mean ABCA1 DNA methylation levels in men and women were 35.6% ± 6.5% and 36.9% ± 6.7%, respectively. In women, multivariable linear regression analysis showed that the group with the highest dietary vegetable intake (carrot, broccoli, pumpkin, and all vegetables) showed significantly lower levels of ABCA1 DNA methylation than the lowest intake group (P = 0.04, <0.001, 0.001, and 0.02, respectively). No significant association was observed between dietary intake of vegetables and DNA methylation levels in men. CONCLUSIONS: High dietary intake of vegetables was associated with decreased ABCA1 DNA methylation levels in Japanese women. This may contribute to a better understanding of the protective effects of dietary vegetable intake on CVD.


Assuntos
Transportador 1 de Cassete de Ligação de ATP/metabolismo , Metilação de DNA/fisiologia , Dieta/efeitos adversos , Ingestão de Alimentos/genética , Verduras/efeitos adversos , Estudos Transversais , Inquéritos sobre Dietas , Feminino , Humanos , Japão , Leucócitos/metabolismo , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Fatores Sexuais
6.
Biosci Trends ; 12(6): 526-536, 2019 Jan 22.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30606977

RESUMO

Dietary polyphenols, a natural component in many kinds of foods such as fruits and vegetables, play essential roles in a wide range of plant functions. Importantly, the discovery of the functions of polyphenols including anti-oxidant, anti-carcinogenic and anti-inflammatory has been appealing to researchers' attentions. Dietary polyphenols have shown protective effects on chronic degenerative diseases (CDD) such as cardiovascular diseases, cancers, and neurodegenerative diseases by regulating gene expression. Dietary polyphenols also affect the composition and activity of gut microbiota, in reverse, gut microbiota influences the bioavailability and physiological activity of dietary polyphenols. However, not all kinds of dietary polyphenols are beneficial for human health. The potential deleterious effects of several dietary polyphenols have been reported by inducing DNA damage and gene mutants. This review summarizes the potential therapeutic effects of dietary polyphenols on chronic degeneration diseases, the polyphenols-gut microbiota interactions, and the potential dangers of individual dietary polyphenols on human health.


Assuntos
Doenças Cardiovasculares/dietoterapia , Doença Crônica/terapia , Neoplasias/dietoterapia , Doenças Neurodegenerativas/dietoterapia , Polifenóis/metabolismo , Antioxidantes/efeitos adversos , Antioxidantes/metabolismo , Doenças Cardiovasculares/prevenção & controle , Dano ao DNA/efeitos dos fármacos , Comportamento Alimentar , Frutas/efeitos adversos , Frutas/química , Microbioma Gastrointestinal/fisiologia , Regulação da Expressão Gênica/efeitos dos fármacos , Humanos , Neoplasias/prevenção & controle , Doenças Neurodegenerativas/prevenção & controle , Polifenóis/efeitos adversos , Verduras/efeitos adversos , Verduras/química
7.
São Paulo; s.n; s.n; 2019. 89 p. graf, tab.
Tese em Português | LILACS | ID: biblio-1048888

RESUMO

Dados de vigilância epidemiológica apontam uma crescente associação entre o consumo de hortaliças e surtos de origem alimentar. São inúmeras as fontes de contaminação aos quais os vegetais estão sujeitos ao longo da cadeia produtiva. Estudos sugerem que práticas agrícolas, como o uso de adubo constituído por esterco animal e água de irrigação não tratada, podem aumentar o risco de contaminação por micro-organismos patogênicos. Com as restrições ao uso de pesticidas sintéticos no sistema orgânico de produção agrícola, agentes de controle biológico, como Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) desempenham um importante papel para a garantia da produtividade. No entanto, recentemente, a segurança do uso de Bt passou a ser questionada em função da possibilidade de produzir enterotoxinas. Este estudo teve por objetivos levantar dados sobre práticas adotadas no cultivo de hortaliças orgânicas no Estado de São Paulo, Brasil e sobre as características microbiológicas de fertilizantes, água de irrigação, água de lavagem e alfaces nas etapas pré e pós-colheita, assim como avaliar a persistência e interações entre Bt e Salmonella em hortaliças, visando contribuir para avaliações de risco microbiológico mais adequadas. Na primeira parte do estudo, dez propriedades de cultivo orgânico certificadas foram visitadas para a obtenção de dados sobre práticas adotadas e para a coleta de amostras para análise microbiológica. As amostras foram submetidas à enumeração e identificação (gênero e espécie) de Enterobacteriaceae; pesquisa de Salmonella spp. por método convencional e qPCR; e enumeração de coliformes totais e Escherichia coli nas amostras de água. Na segunda fase da pesquisa, avaliou-se a persistência e as interações entre Bt e Salmonella Montevideo no pré e pós-colheita de espinafres. Por fim, bactérias epifíticas isoladas de hortaliças foram testadas quanto a capacidade de inibir bactérias do grupo Bacillus cereus e cepas de Salmonella enterica. As contagens de Enterobacteriaceae variaram de <1 a 7,2 ± 0,1 log UFC/g nos fertilizantes, de 4,1 ± 0,3 a 5,6 ± 0,3 log UFC/g nas alfaces coletadas nos canteiros, de 2,9 ± 0,6 a 5,3 ± 0,5 log UFC/g nas alfaces lavadas, de <1 a 3,5 ± 0,1 log UFC/mL nas amostras de água de irrigação e de <1 a 3,0 ± 0,3 log UFC/mL nas amostras de água de lavagem. Salmonella não foi isolada por cultivo em placa, mas foi detectada por qPCR em uma amostra de alface orgânica lavada. Utilizando MALDI-TOF MS, 45 espécies pertencentes a 24 gêneros bacterianos foram identificadas na cadeia produtiva de hortaliças orgânicas. Bt foi capaz de persistir nas folhas de espinafre nas etapas pré e pós-colheita e afetou a persistência de Salmonella durante o cultivo, mas não durante o armazenamento pós-colheita a 12 ºC. Não foi observada tendência de germinação dos esporos de Bt após a aplicação nos espinafres, reduzindo assim a possibilidade de multiplicação e produção de enterotoxinas. A bactéria epifítica Pseudomonas chlororaphis, isolada de hortaliça, foi capaz de inibir membros do grupo Bacillus cereus, incluindo cepas patogênicas e Bt em testes in vitro, sugerindo uma barreira biológica para o controle da multiplicação destes micro-organismos. Este estudo traz importantes informações sobre a segurança microbiológica de hortaliças orgânicas e de práticas agrícolas, evidenciando a importância de boas práticas para a promoção do alimento seguro. Os resultados constituem uma importante contribuição para o desenvolvimento de modelos de avaliação de risco microbiológico e prevenção de surtos de origem alimentar


Epidemiological surveillance data indicate a growing association between vegetable consumption and food-borne outbreaks. There are numerous sources of contamination to which plants are subjected throughout the production chain. Studies suggest that agricultural practices such as the use of manure fertilizer and untreated irrigation water may increase the risk of contamination by pathogenic microorganisms. With the restrictions on the use of synthetic pesticides in the organic farming system, biological control agents such as Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt), play an important role in ensuring productivity. However, the safety of Bt has recently been questioned due to the possibility of producing enterotoxins. This study aimed to gather information about the agricultural practices employed in the organic vegetables production fields and the microbiological characteristics of fertilizer, irrigation water, wash water, and lettuces in pre and post-harvest stages, and to evaluate the persistence and interactions between Bt and Salmonella on leafy greens, aiming to contribute for more adequate microbiological risk assessments. In the first part of the study, ten certified organic farms were visited to collect data on the farming practices and for collection of samples for microbiological evaluations. The samples were submitted to Enterobacteriaceae enumeration and identification (genus and species); Salmonella spp. by conventional method and qPCR; and enumeration of total coliforms and Escherichia coli in water samples. In the second part of the study, the persistence and interaction between Bacillus thuringiensis subsp Aizawai (Bt) and Salmonella Montevideo in the pre and post-harvest of spinach were evaluated. Finally, epiphytic bacteria isolated from vegetables were tested for their ability to inhibit growth of Bacillus cereus group members and Salmonella strains. Enterobacteriaceae counts ranged from <1 to 7.2 ± 0.1 log CFU/g in fertilizers, from 4.1 ± 0.3 to 5.6 ± 0.3 log CFU/g in lettuces collected from the fields, from 2.9 ± 0.6 to 5.3 ± 0.5 log CFU/g in washed lettuces, <1 to 3.5 ± 0.1 log CFU/mL in irrigation water and <1 to 3.0 ± 0.3 log CFU/mL in wash water. Salmonella was not isolated by plating but it was detected by qPCR in one sample of washed organic lettuce. Using MALDI-TOF MS, 45 species belonging to 24 bacterial genera were identified in the organic vegetable production chain. Bt was able to persist on pre and post-harvest of spinach and affected Salmonella persistence during cultivation, but not during the storage at 12 ºC. Bt spores showed no tendency to germinate during pre-harvest of spinach, thus reducing the probability of growth and production of enterotoxins. The epiphytic bacterium Pseudomonas chlororaphis isolated from one vegetable sample was able to inhibit members of the Bacillus cereus group, including pathogenic strains and Bt in in vitro tests, suggesting a biological barrier to control the multiplication of these microorganisms. These studies provide important information about the microbiological safety of organic vegetables and agricultural practices, highlighting the importance of good practices for the promotion of safe food. These data are fundamental for the development of microbiological risk assessment models and prevention of foodborne outbreaks


Assuntos
Verduras/efeitos adversos , Produção Agrícola , Agentes de Controle Biológico/análise , Salmonella , Bacillus thuringiensis/classificação , Enterobacteriaceae , Alimentos Orgânicos/microbiologia
8.
J Int Med Res ; 46(10): 4306-4314, 2018 Oct.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30157675

RESUMO

Objective To investigate the prognostic effect of pre-diagnosis preserved vegetable consumption on oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) in Yanting County, China. Methods This prospective cohort study enrolled consecutive patients with ESCC. The pre-diagnosis diet consumption data were collected using a food frequency questionnaire at baseline. Preserved vegetable consumption was categorized into two groups: < 1/week and ≥1/week. Kaplan-Meier survival curve analysis with a log-rank test and a Cox proportional hazard regression model analysis were undertaken to compare the two consumption groups. Results The study enrolled 185 patients (121 males and 64 females) with ESCC. Patients consuming preserved vegetables ≥1/week had a median survival time of 41 months, but patients consuming preserved vegetables <1/week did not achieve a median survival time. The adjusted hazard ratio (HR) for an intake of ≥1/week was 1.58 (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.01, 2.47). Among 'ever smokers', the HR increased to 2.04 (95% CI 1.10, 3.77) and among 'ever alcohol drinkers', the HR increased to 2.50 (95% CI 1.33, 4.73). Among 'never smokers' or 'never alcohol drinkers', no significant association was observed. Conclusion A high consumption of preserved vegetables was associated with a poorer prognosis among patients with ESCC.


Assuntos
Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/diagnóstico , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/etiologia , Neoplasias Esofágicas/diagnóstico , Neoplasias Esofágicas/etiologia , Alimentos Fermentados/efeitos adversos , Verduras , Idoso , Pré-Escolar , China , Registros de Dieta , Ingestão de Alimentos , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas do Esôfago , Feminino , Conservação de Alimentos , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Prognóstico , Estudos Prospectivos , Medição de Risco , Fatores de Risco , Inquéritos e Questionários , Verduras/efeitos adversos
10.
Food Chem Toxicol ; 110: 33-41, 2017 Dec.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28974440

RESUMO

Hijiki seaweed (Hijikia fusiformes) contains high levels of inorganic arsenic, a known carcinogen. However, scientific reports on carcinogenic risks associated with the consumption of this seaweed are limited. This study investigated the effects of seaweed extracts contaminated with arsenic on two colorectal cancer cell lines. Two seaweed extracts, including Hijiki and red seaweed, induced H508 but not HT29 cell proliferation. Growth induction of H508 cells after treatments with Hijiki and sodium arsenite at concentrations equivalent to arsenic found in Hijiki was observed by both MTT and BrdU assays. Hijiki and sodium arsenite induced epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and ERK1/2 activations. AG1478, an EGFR inhibitor, decreased the activation of EGFR and ERK1/2 induced by Hijiki and sodium arsenite. U0126, an ERK1/2 upstream inhibitor, and atropine, a muscarinic acetylcholine receptor (mAChR) antagonist, but not AG1478 completely inhibited the proliferative effect of Hijiki. Altogether, the results suggest that the presence of arsenic in seaweed may partly contribute to the proliferation of colorectal cancer cells. EGFR-dependent, and -independent ERK1/2 signaling pathways, and mAChR may be involved in the growth stimulation by Hijiki. These results raise concern regarding the potential colorectal cancer risks from regular consumption of Hijiki containing high contents of inorganic arsenic.


Assuntos
Adenocarcinoma/fisiopatologia , Arsenitos/toxicidade , Proliferação de Células/efeitos dos fármacos , Neoplasias do Colo/enzimologia , Neoplasias do Colo/fisiopatologia , Proteína Quinase 1 Ativada por Mitógeno/metabolismo , Proteína Quinase 3 Ativada por Mitógeno/metabolismo , Extratos Vegetais/toxicidade , Alga Marinha/química , Compostos de Sódio/toxicidade , Verduras/efeitos adversos , Adenocarcinoma/enzimologia , Adenocarcinoma/genética , Neoplasias do Colo/genética , Humanos , Proteína Quinase 1 Ativada por Mitógeno/genética , Proteína Quinase 3 Ativada por Mitógeno/genética , Verduras/química
11.
Eur J Cancer Prev ; 26(1): 27-37, 2017 01.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-26960163

RESUMO

Carotenoid intake from natural sources has been hypothesized to reduce the risk of colorectal cancer (CRC). The aim of this study was to systematically review the epidemiological evidence for the association between carotenoid intake from natural sources and CRC development. We carried out a systematic review and meta-analysis of epidemiological studies to investigate whether the intake of specific carotenoids from natural sources, as well as combined carotenoids, is associated with the risk of CRC overall and by anatomic subsite. A comprehensive literature search of MEDLINE and Scopus databases was performed. Twenty-two articles were identified from the literature search, of which 16 were case-control studies and 6 were cohort studies. In the random-effects meta-analysis of case-control and cohort studies, we found no association between the intake of individual and total carotenoids and the risk of CRC overall and by anatomic subsite. Overall, our findings do not support a significant association between intake of specific carotenoids from dietary sources, as well as combined carotenoids, and the risk of CRC overall and by anatomic subsite.


Assuntos
Carotenoides/administração & dosagem , Neoplasias Colorretais/diagnóstico , Neoplasias Colorretais/epidemiologia , Carotenoides/efeitos adversos , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Estudos de Coortes , Neoplasias Colorretais/induzido quimicamente , Dieta/efeitos adversos , Humanos , Fatores de Risco , Verduras/efeitos adversos
12.
Br J Nutr ; 116(9): 1602-1610, 2016 Nov.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-27774916

RESUMO

Red meat has been suggested to be adversely associated with risk of myocardial infarction (MI), whereas vegetable consumption has been found to be protective. The aim of this study was to investigate substitutions of red meat, poultry and fish with vegetables or potatoes for MI prevention. We followed up 29 142 women and 26 029 men in the Danish Diet, Cancer and Health study aged 50-64 years with no known history of MI at baseline. Diet was assessed by a validated 192-item FFQ at baseline. Adjusted Cox proportional hazard models were used to calculate hazard ratios (HR) and 95 % CI for MI associated with specified food substitutions of 150 g/week. During a median follow-up of 13·6 years, we identified 656 female and 1694 male cases. Among women, the HR for MI when replacing red meat with vegetables was 0·94 (95 % CI 0·90, 0·98). Replacing fatty fish with vegetables was associated with a higher risk of MI (HR 1·23; 95 % CI 1·05, 1·45), whereas an inverse, statistically non-significant association was found for lean fish (HR 0·93; 95 % CI 0·83, 1·05). Substituting poultry with vegetables was not associated with risk of MI (HR 1·00; 95 % CI 0·90, 1·11). Findings for substitution with potatoes were similar to findings for vegetables. Among men, a similar pattern was observed, but the associations were weak and mostly statistically non-significant. This study suggests that replacing red meat with vegetables or potatoes is associated with a lower risk of MI, whereas replacing fatty fish with vegetables or potatoes is associated with a higher risk of MI.


Assuntos
Dieta Saudável , Peixes , Infarto do Miocárdio/prevenção & controle , Raízes de Plantas , Alimentos Marinhos , Solanum tuberosum , Verduras , Animais , Estudos de Coortes , Dinamarca/epidemiologia , Dieta com Restrição de Gorduras/efeitos adversos , Dieta com Restrição de Gorduras/etnologia , Dieta Saudável/etnologia , Dieta Hiperlipídica/efeitos adversos , Dieta Hiperlipídica/etnologia , Feminino , Seguimentos , Humanos , Incidência , Masculino , Carne/efeitos adversos , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Infarto do Miocárdio/epidemiologia , Infarto do Miocárdio/etnologia , Infarto do Miocárdio/etiologia , Raízes de Plantas/efeitos adversos , Modelos de Riscos Proporcionais , Fatores de Risco , Alimentos Marinhos/efeitos adversos , Alimentos Marinhos/análise , Autorrelato , Fatores Sexuais , Solanum tuberosum/efeitos adversos , Verduras/efeitos adversos
13.
Food Chem Toxicol ; 97: 367-374, 2016 Nov.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-27697540

RESUMO

Fruit and vegetables (FV) have long been considered a panacea against major chronic diseases, including cancer. However, there is no convincing epidemiological, clinical or experimental evidence supporting FV chemopreventive ability. A daily mono-supplementation of lyophilized onion, tomato, peach, black grape or lettuce was compared with the daily combined administration of the same FV (5 a day-like diet). Ten days post-treatment, the phase-I/II xenobiotic metabolizing and antioxidant enzyme activities, protein and mRNA levels were investigated. As a marker of oxidative stress, the level of hydroperoxides was measured in rat serum samples. Here we show that a blend of FV orally administered to rats not only potentially manipulates metabolism but also disrupts systemic oxidative homeostasis. A daily combination of the five servings remarkably down-regulates the catalytic activity, protein and mRNA levels of a cohort of hepatic metabolizing enzymes, suggesting a possible depressed clearance upon exposure to ubiquitous carcinogens. Strikingly, we observed an impairment of antioxidant enzymes with a boost in systemic hydroperoxide levels. Our study identifies new potential factors of cancer risk connected with the persistent consumption of fixed servings of FV, suggesting that dietary guidance should rely on a "daily diversification" of FV.


Assuntos
Antioxidantes/metabolismo , Suplementos Nutricionais/efeitos adversos , Frutas/efeitos adversos , Peróxido de Hidrogênio/metabolismo , Estresse Oxidativo/efeitos dos fármacos , Verduras/efeitos adversos , Animais , Comportamento Alimentar , Frutas/química , Masculino , Oxirredução , Ratos , Ratos Sprague-Dawley , Verduras/química
14.
PLoS One ; 11(6): e0157113, 2016.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-27310615

RESUMO

Certain food groups are often rejected during chemotherapy (CT) due to the side effects of treatment, which may interfere with adequate diet and nutritional status. The aim of this study was to evaluate the treatment impact on the diet and nutritional status of women with breast cancer (BC). In this prospective longitudinal study, conducted in 2014-2015, 55 women diagnosed with BC, with a mean age 51.5±10.1 years, were followed and data were collected at three different times. Anthropometric and dietary assessments were performed, the latter by applying nine 24h dietary recalls, by using the Brazilian Healthy Eating Index Revised (BHEI-R), and calculating the prevalence of inadequacy by the EAR cut-off point method. Regarding the BHEI-R analysis, the majority of women had a "diet requires modification', both at the beginning (T0, 58.2%, n = 32) and during treatment (T1, 54.5%, n = 30). However, after the end of the CT, the greater percentage of patients (T2, 49.1%, n = 27) were classified as having an "inadequate diet", since the Total Fruit consumption as well as the Dark Green and Orange Vegetable and Legume consumption decreased significantly during treatment (p = 0.043 and p = 0.026, respectively). There was a significant reduction in the intake of macro and micronutrients, with a high prevalence of inadequacy, of up to 100%, for calcium, iron, phosphorus, magnesium, niacin, riboflavin, thiamin, vitamin B6, vitamin C and zinc. Assessment of the nutritional status indicated that 56% (n = 31) of patients were overweight at these three different times. Weight, BMI and Waist Circumference increased significantly, indicating a worse nutritional status, and there was a correlation between poor diet quality and higher values for BMI, Waist-Hip Ratio and Waist-to-Height Ratio. Chemotherapy interferes in the patients' diet generating a negative impact on the quality and intake of micro and macronutrients, as well as an impact on their nutritional status, with an increase in anthropometric measurements.


Assuntos
Neoplasias da Mama/dietoterapia , Neoplasias da Mama/tratamento farmacológico , Avaliação Nutricional , Estado Nutricional , Adulto , Idoso , Índice de Massa Corporal , Peso Corporal , Brasil , Neoplasias da Mama/patologia , Ingestão de Energia , Comportamento Alimentar , Feminino , Frutas/efeitos adversos , Humanos , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Verduras/efeitos adversos , Vitaminas/metabolismo , Relação Cintura-Quadril
17.
Pathol Res Pract ; 211(12): 1020-4, 2015 Dec.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-26564106

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Peripheral hyaline ring granuloma is a rare lesion characterized by the presence of hyaline rings and multinucleated giant cells. Its pathogenesis is related to exogenous factors such as vegetal origin, resulting in foreign body reaction mediated by macrophages against cellulose particles. We report two cases: a 58-year-old male with a lesion in the maxillary alveolar mucosa measuring 1.0cm×1.0cm; and a 50-year-old female presenting a slight swelling in the alveolar mucosa, measuring 0.7cm×0.7cm and diagnosed as asymptomatic sessile nodule of fibrous consistency. Microscopic examination revealed a dense connective tissue with focal area of concentric hyaline collagen deposition and multinucleated giant cell granulomas of foreign body type. Immunohistochemical study was positive for anti-CD68/anti-α-SMA, confirming the foreign body reaction and vascular integrity. Histochemical analysis for PAS with and without diastase and van Gieson highlighted the vegetable exogenous origin of foreign material. Additionally, we performed a review of 7 cases published in the literature in the last 10 years.


Assuntos
Processo Alveolar/patologia , Granuloma de Corpo Estranho/etiologia , Granuloma de Corpo Estranho/patologia , Verduras/efeitos adversos , Feminino , Células Gigantes de Corpo Estranho/patologia , Humanos , Hialina , Imuno-Histoquímica , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade
18.
Food Chem Toxicol ; 83: 300-7, 2015 Sep.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-26188179

RESUMO

We used the Hazard Index (HI) method to carry out a cumulative risk assessment after chronic dietary exposure to all monitored pesticides in fruit, vegetables and cereals for various consumer groups in Denmark. Residue data for all the pesticides were obtained from the Danish monitoring programme during the period 2004-2011. Food consumption data were obtained from DANSDA (the DAnish National Survey of Diet and physical Activity) for the period 2005-2008. The calculations were made using three different models to cope with residues below the limit of reporting (LOR). We concluded that a model that included processing factors and set non-detects to ½ LOR, but limited the correction (Model 3), gave the most realistic exposure estimate. With Model 3 the HI was calculated to be 0.44 for children and 0.18 for adults, indicating that there is no risk of adverse health effects following chronic cumulative exposure to the pesticides found in fruit, vegetables and cereals on the Danish market. The HI was below 1 even for consumers who eat more than 550 g of fruit and vegetables per day, corresponding to 1/3 of the population. Choosing Danish-produced commodities whenever possible could reduce the HI by a factor of 2.


Assuntos
Dieta/efeitos adversos , Contaminação de Alimentos , Modelos Biológicos , Resíduos de Praguicidas/toxicidade , Praguicidas/toxicidade , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Dinamarca , Grão Comestível/efeitos adversos , Grão Comestível/química , Grão Comestível/economia , Monitoramento Ambiental , Feminino , Frutas/efeitos adversos , Frutas/química , Frutas/economia , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Inquéritos Nutricionais , Resíduos de Praguicidas/análise , Praguicidas/análise , Modelos de Riscos Proporcionais , Medição de Risco , Verduras/efeitos adversos , Verduras/química , Verduras/economia , Adulto Jovem
19.
Ann Ital Chir ; 86(1): 70-7, 2015.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-25817461

RESUMO

Bezoars are aggregates of indigested foreign material that accumulate in the gastroenteric tract, expecially in the stomach and in the narrowest points of the small bowel. They often occur in subjects who follow a diet rich in fruit and vegetables and in those one who previously underwent gastric resective surgery for peptic ulcer. Bezoar formation has even been observed in case of reduced gastric motility and secretion due to diabetes, hypothyroidism, pernicious anemia, myotonic syndromes, and Guillain-Barré syndrome. As they are an uncommon cause of small bowel obstruction, phytobezoars are often not considered in the differential diagnosis of occlusive intestinal syndromes and so frequently come as an intraoperative finding. A consequence of this missed diagnosis in the preoperative period is an unnecessary diagnostic delay that can significantly increase morbidity and mortality. This case report illustrates the need to include phytobezoars in the preoperative diagnostic workout of intestinal obstruction in order to rule out the presence of multiple bezoars and prevent recurrent obstruction. Now that phytobezoars are becoming a less infrequent cause of small bowel obstruction than previously thought, such a diagnostic possibility should always be considered.


Assuntos
Bezoares/complicações , Erros de Diagnóstico , Fundo Gástrico , Obstrução Intestinal/etiologia , Jejuno , Úlcera Gástrica/etiologia , Verduras/efeitos adversos , Bezoares/diagnóstico , Bezoares/diagnóstico por imagem , Bezoares/cirurgia , Diagnóstico Tardio , Procedimentos Cirúrgicos do Sistema Digestório , Emergências , Feminino , Fundo Gástrico/cirurgia , Gastrite/diagnóstico , Humanos , Íleo/diagnóstico por imagem , Obstrução Intestinal/diagnóstico por imagem , Obstrução Intestinal/cirurgia , Jejuno/diagnóstico por imagem , Jejuno/cirurgia , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Tomografia Computadorizada por Raios X
20.
Gastroenterology ; 148(6): 1234-1243.e4, 2015 May.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-25680671

RESUMO

Diet is believed to modulate cancer risk and this relationship has been widely studied in the gastrointestinal tract. Observational epidemiologic studies have provided most of the evidence about the effects of diet on cancer risk because clinical trials to determine nutritional exposures are often impossible, impractical, or unaffordable. Although a few foods or nutrients are thought to protect against specific types of cancer, it seems clear that the strength and even direction of dietary associations (increasing or decreasing risk) is organ-site- and even histology-specific, along the gastrointestinal tract. Although some hypotheses are supported by a substantial body of observational data (drinking hot maté [an infusion of the herb Ilex Paraguarensis] contributes to esophageal cancer), there are not much data to support others. We discuss some highly touted hypotheses and draw interim conclusions about what is known and what could be done to improve the level of evidence. The complex nature of diet and its associations can be productively investigated with disease-specific studies. However, public health recommendations for normal-risk individuals regarding diet and gastrointestinal cancer should probably emphasize the importance of eating for overall health rather than eating specific foods to reduce risk for specific cancers.


Assuntos
Anticarcinógenos/administração & dosagem , Dieta , Neoplasias Esofágicas/prevenção & controle , Comportamento de Redução do Risco , Neoplasias Gástricas/prevenção & controle , Consumo de Bebidas Alcoólicas/efeitos adversos , Animais , Antioxidantes/administração & dosagem , Café/efeitos adversos , Dieta/efeitos adversos , Neoplasias Esofágicas/diagnóstico , Neoplasias Esofágicas/epidemiologia , Comportamento Alimentar , Manipulação de Alimentos , Frutas , Humanos , Estilo de Vida , Carne/efeitos adversos , Fatores de Proteção , Medição de Risco , Fatores de Risco , Cloreto de Sódio na Dieta/efeitos adversos , Neoplasias Gástricas/diagnóstico , Neoplasias Gástricas/epidemiologia , Chá/efeitos adversos , Verduras/efeitos adversos , Vitaminas/administração & dosagem
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