Assessment of ethylene glycol diacetate as an alternative carrier for use in agrochemical emulsifiable concentrate formulation.

ABSTRACT

The conventional emulsifiable concentrate (EC) formulation contains a large amount of aromatic solvents, which causes adverse effects to both the environment and human health due to the toxicity of the solvents. Here, we developed a 2.5% lambda-cyhalothrin EC formulation with ethylene glycol diacetate (EGDA) as the solvent, and the developed formulation serves as an environmental-friendly alternative to overcome the adverse effects of aromatic solvents. The physicochemical characterizations, wettability properties, phytotoxicity and bioassays of the EGDA-EC formulation were systematically investigated and compared with that of the EC formulation with xylene as the solvent. The results showed that both EC formulations had excellent emulsion properties and storage stabilities. Additionally, the EGDA-EC formulation possessed a higher flash point (96 °C), indicating safer production, storage and transport. The retentions of the EGDA-EC sample on leaves were 1.22-1.46-fold higher than that of the xylene-EC sample, and the EGDA-EC also exhibited lower surface tensions and contact angles, which would benefit decreasing drift-off and improving utilization. Furthermore, the bioassays demonstrated that the EGDA-EC formulation had lower acute toxicity to aquatic organisms and higher control efficacy to target insects compared with the xylene-EC formulation. Therefore, EGDA is a promising carrier for oil-soluble agrochemicals to improve their application performance and reduce their adverse effects.