Spatiotemporal variations of 2,4-dichlorophenoxy acetic acid with the role of sugarcane industry and related human health risk assessments in the Shadegan International Wetland.
Environ Geochem Health
; 45(7): 5279-5291, 2023 Jul.
Article
en En
| MEDLINE
| ID: mdl-37118618
ABSTRACT
2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) is the most important pesticide widely used in Khuzestan province. This study aimed to determine the ecological risks assessment in fish, plant tissues, and trends in 2,4-D urinary biomarker concentration in humans of Shadegan International wetland, Iran. Sampling was carried out from three areas freshwater, saltwater, and brackish water. The average concentration of 2,4-D at point 38, taken from the wetland's northern parts, was 15.73 µg/L. In the lower regions, it reached 326 µg/L at point 25. From points 37 to 16, it was higher than the international standard. The increasing trend of 2,4-D concentration was observed from point 36 to the middle of the wetland. The non-carcinogenic risk through ingestion and skin contact for children and adults was 3E-3 and 1.5E-2, 2.1E-3, and 8.6E-5, respectively, and through fish, consumption was 7.1E-4 for both groups. HI values were below one (< 1), indicating no health risk. HQ values in the summer were more than one (> 1), indicating the high risk to aquatic organisms and human health.
Palabras clave
Texto completo:
1
Colección:
01-internacional
Asunto principal:
Contaminantes Químicos del Agua
/
Saccharum
Tipo de estudio:
Etiology_studies
/
Risk_factors_studies
Límite:
Adult
/
Animals
/
Child
/
Humans
País/Región como asunto:
Asia
Idioma:
En
Revista:
Environ Geochem Health
Asunto de la revista:
QUIMICA
/
SAUDE AMBIENTAL
Año:
2023
Tipo del documento:
Article
País de afiliación:
Irán