Thymoquinone Increases the Sensitivity of SW-480 Colon Cancer Cells to 5-Fluorouracil.

ABSTRACT

Background: Studies have concentrated on the therapeutic potential of thymoquinone (TQ), a natural polyphenol, in diverse malignancies, such as colorectal cancer. Nevertheless, the precise mechanisms of TQ-mediated anticancer properties are not yet fully elucidated. Objective: The present study has been designed to scrutinize the impact of TQ on 5-fluorouracil (5-FU)-mediated apoptosis in SW-480 cells. Materials and Methods: SW-480 cells were treated with TQ, 5-FU, and a combination of TQ + 5-FU. MTT assay was employed to assess cell viability. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) was applied to evaluate apoptotic markers comprising Bcl-2, Bax, and caspase-9 expression levels. The γ-H2AX protein expression was assessed by western blotting, and Annexin V flow cytometry was implemented to determine the apoptosis rate. Results: 5-FU significantly reversed the cell proliferation in a dose-dependent circumstance. The concurrent administration of TQ and 5-FU led to a substantial inhibition of cell growth in comparison to single treatments (p < 0.05). TQ also facilitated apoptosis via upregulating Bax and caspase-9 proapoptotic markers and suppressing antiapoptotic mediators, like Bcl-2. In addition, TQ augmented 5-FU-induced apoptosis in SW-480 cells. 5-FU, combined with TQ, increased the protein expression of γ-H2AX in SW-480 cells compared with groups treated with TQ and 5-FU alone. Conclusion: The present study's findings unveil the significance of TQ as a potential therapeutic substance in colorectal cancer, particularly through enhancing 5-FU-induced apoptosis.