Differential effects of high-fat and high-carbohydrate content isoenergetic meals on plasma active ghrelin concentrations in lean and obese women.

AIM: To study the effect of two different isoenergetic meals, one rich in carbohydrates and one rich in fat, on plasma active ghrelin levels in lean or obese subjects. METHODS: Eight obese and eight lean women, strictly matched for age, were fed two isoenergetic meals of different composition, one rich in fat and one rich in carbohydrates (CHO), on separate days. Plasma active ghrelin levels were measured just before and at 1, 2 and 3 hours after meal consumption. RESULTS: Overall, plasma active ghrelin levels were significantly lower in the obese compared to the lean women (71.7 +/- 29.7 vs. 222.2 +/- 127.2 pmol/liter respectively, p < 0.0001). Furthermore, ghrelin levels decreased significantly by 30 % from baseline values in the lean subjects in the first hour after the CHO-rich meal (mean difference +/- SD): -66.2 +/- 49.0 pmol/liter (p = 0.03), returning to near-baseline levels by 2 hours, while no significant change was observed in the obese subjects. After the fat-rich meal, active ghrelin levels did not change significantly in either group (p > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: A fat-rich meal does not suppress plasma active ghrelin levels in either lean or obese women. Moreover, in obese, unlike lean women, a high carbohydrate meal also fails to suppress plasma ghrelin levels, which are already quite low. This suggests that ghrelin-induced satiety mechanisms may be compromised in these subjects.