Direct and indirect costs of employees with treatment-resistant and non-treatment-resistant major depressive disorder.
Curr Med Res Opin
; 26(10): 2475-84, 2010 Oct.
Article
em En
| MEDLINE
| ID: mdl-20825269
ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE:
Treatment-resistant depression (TRD) imposes substantial cost from the perspective of employers. The objective of this study was to assess direct healthcare costs and indirect (disability and medical-related absenteeism) costs associated with TRD compared with non-treatment-resistant major depressive disorder (MDD).METHODS:
Employees with one or more inpatient, or two or more outpatient/other MDD diagnoses (ICD-9-CM 296.2x, 296.3x) from 2004 through 2007, ages 18-63 years, were selected from a claims database. Employees who initiated a third antidepressant following two antidepressant treatments of adequate dose and duration or who met published TRD criteria were classified as TRD likely (N = 2312). The index date was the date of the first antidepressant, starting 1/1/2004. The control group was an age- and sex-matched cohort of employees with MDD but without TRD. All had continuous eligibility during the 6-month pre-index (baseline) and 24-month post-index (study) period. McNemar tests were used to compare baseline comorbidities. Wilcoxon signed-rank tests were used to compare costs from employer perspective.RESULTS:
TRD-likely employees were on average 48 years old, and 64.8% were women. Compared with MDD controls, TRD-likely employees had significantly higher rates of mental-health disorders, chronic pain, fibromyalgia, and higher Charlson Comorbidity Index. Average direct 2-year costs were significantly higher for TRD-likely employees ($22,784) compared with MDD controls ($11,733), p < 0.0001. Average indirect costs were also higher among TRD-likely employees ($12,765) compared with MDD controls ($6885), p < 0.0001.LIMITATIONS:
Limitations of claims data related to accuracy of diagnosis coding and lack of clinical information apply to this study.CONCLUSIONS:
Based on comorbidities and healthcare resources used, patients with TRD appeared to represent a clinically complex subgroup of individuals with MDD. TRD was associated with significant cost burden.
Texto completo:
1
Coleções:
01-internacional
Temas:
Geral
Base de dados:
MEDLINE
Assunto principal:
Custos de Saúde para o Empregador
/
Transtorno Depressivo Maior
Tipo de estudo:
Evaluation_studies
/
Health_economic_evaluation
Limite:
Adolescent
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Adult
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Female
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Humans
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Male
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Middle aged
Idioma:
En
Revista:
Curr Med Res Opin
Ano de publicação:
2010
Tipo de documento:
Article
País de afiliação:
Estados Unidos