Racial Disparities and Preventive Measures to Renal Cell Carcinoma.
Int J Environ Res Public Health
; 15(6)2018 05 28.
Article
em En
| MEDLINE
| ID: mdl-29843394
ABSTRACT
Kidney cancer ranks among the top 10 cancers in the United States. Although it affects both male and female populations, it is more common in males. The prevalence rate of renal cell carcinoma (RCC), which represents about 85% of kidney cancers, has been increasing gradually in many developed countries. Family history has been considered as one of the most relevant risk factors for kidney cancer, although most forms of an inherited predisposition for RCC only account for less than four percent. Lifestyle and other factors such as occupational exposure, high blood pressure, poor diet, and heavy cigarette smoking are highly associated with its incidence and mortality rates. In the United States, White populations have the lowest prevalence of RCC compared to other ethnic groups, while Black Americans suffer disproportionally from the adverse effects of RCC. Hence, this review article aims at identifying the major risk factors associated with RCC and highlighting the new therapeutic approaches for its control/prevention. To achieve this specific aim, articles in peer-reviewed journals with a primary focus on risk factors related to kidney cancer and on strategies to reduce RCC were identified. The review was systematically conducted by searching the databases of MEDLINE, PUBMED Central, and Google Scholar libraries for original articles. From the search, we found that the incidence and mortality rates of RCC are strongly associated with four main risk factors, including family history (genetics), lifestyle (poor diet, cigarette smoking, excess alcohol drinking), environment (community where people live), and occupation (place where people work). In addition, unequal access to improvement in RCC cancer treatment, limited access to screening and diagnosis, and limited access to kidney transplant significantly contribute to the difference observed in survival rate between African Americans and Caucasians. There is also scientific evidence suggesting that some physicians contribute to racial disparities when performing kidney transplant among minority populations. New therapeutic measures should be taken to prevent or reduce RCC, especially among African Americans, the most vulnerable population group.
Palavras-chave
Texto completo:
1
Coleções:
01-internacional
Temas:
Geral
/
Tipos_de_cancer
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Outros_tipos
Base de dados:
MEDLINE
Assunto principal:
Negro ou Afro-Americano
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Carcinoma de Células Renais
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População Branca
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Disparidades nos Níveis de Saúde
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Neoplasias Renais
Tipo de estudo:
Etiology_studies
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Incidence_studies
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Prevalence_studies
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Prognostic_studies
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Risk_factors_studies
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Systematic_reviews
Limite:
Humans
País/Região como assunto:
America do norte
Idioma:
En
Revista:
Int J Environ Res Public Health
Ano de publicação:
2018
Tipo de documento:
Article
País de afiliação:
Estados Unidos