Chronic Stress-Related Neural Activity Associates With Subclinical Cardiovascular Disease in Psoriasis: A Prospective Cohort Study.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVES: This study hypothesized that there is an association between chronic stress (as indexed by resting amygdalar activity [AmygA]), hematopoietic system activity (HMPA), and subclinical cardiovascular indexes (aortic vascular inflammation [VI] and noncalcified coronary plaque burden [NCB]) in psoriasis (PSO). The study also hypothesized that treatment of PSO would improve these parameters. BACKGROUND: PSO is a stress-related chronic inflammatory condition that is associated with increased prevalence of subclinical cardiovascular disease (CVD). In individuals without PSO, stress has been linked to CVD through a serial biological pathway that involves the amygdala, hematopoietic tissues, and atherosclerotic plaques. METHODS: A total of 164 consecutive patients with PSO and 47 healthy volunteers underwent 18-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography scans for assessment of AmygA, HMPA, and VI, as well as coronary computed tomography angiography scans for quantifying NCB. Furthermore, a consecutive subset of 30 patients with severe PSO (Psoriasis Area Severity Index Score >10) were followed at 1 year to assess the relationship between skin disease improvement and AmygA, HMPA, VI, and NCB. RESULTS: The PSO cohort was middle-aged (mean age 50 years), had low cardiovascular risk (Framingham risk score median 3) and had mild to moderate PSO activity (median Psoriasis Area Severity Index Score 5.6). AmygA was higher in patients with PSO compared to volunteer participants. AmygA was associated with HMPA (bone marrow activity ß = 0.20, p = 0.01) and subclinical CVD (VI ß = 0.31, p < 0.001; NCB ß = 0.27, p < 0.001) The AmygA-CVD association was in part mediated by HMPA (VI 20.9%, NCB 36.7%). Following 1 year of PSO treatment in those with severe disease, improvement in skin disease was accompanied by a reduction in AmygA, bone marrow activity, and VI, with no progression of NCB. CONCLUSIONS: In PSO, a chronic inflammatory disease state, AmygA, which is a manifestation of chronic stress, substantially contributes to the risk of subclinical CVD. Additional studies that use psychometric measures of stress are required to explore therapeutic impact.