Role of placental cytokines and inflammation in vertical transmission of HIV infection.
Acta Paediatr Suppl
; 421: 33-8, 1997 Jun.
Article
em En
| MEDLINE
| ID: mdl-9240855
ABSTRACT
In light of new evidence suggesting that maternal human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection produces at least a three-fold increase in the number of early spontaneous abortions, it is important to search for factors that may predispose to fetal wastage. Immunological factors are thought to play an important role in permitting the HLA-disparate fetus to continue to term, despite powerful maternal immune forces capable of rejection. In the context of a heightened incidence of spontaneous abortion in HIV infection, evidence is now accumulating that implicates an imbalance in immune factors in contributing to this fetal loss. Soluble immune factors, such as cytokines, have been suggested as contributing agents to recurrent spontaneous abortions. Inflammatory cytokines-interleukin 1beta, interleukin 6 and tumor necrosis factor alpha-have been measured in isolated placental trophoblastic cells in HIV-infected and non-infected pregnant women in an attempt to explore this hypothesis. These inflammatory cytokines and their messenger RNAs were significantly elevated before and after stimulation in HIV-infected women, supporting the belief that HIV-infected women present their fetuses a milieu of imbalanced immune factors capable of contributing to immunological rejection. In addition, these elevated inflammatory cytokine levels may contribute to HIV disease progression in fetuses by virtue of activation of HIV gene transcription factors similar to what has been demonstrated in in vitro systems. We therefore propose that HIV infection in pregnant women produces an altered state of certain soluble immune factors, which in concert with other immune factor abnormalities, such as loss of immune selection in the fetal thymus, predisposes the fetus to advanced HIV infection and possible spontaneous abortion.
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Coleções:
01-internacional
Temas:
Geral
Base de dados:
MEDLINE
Assunto principal:
Placenta
/
Complicações Infecciosas na Gravidez
/
Infecções por HIV
/
Citocinas
/
Transmissão Vertical de Doenças Infecciosas
Limite:
Female
/
Humans
/
Pregnancy
Idioma:
En
Revista:
Acta Paediatr Suppl
Ano de publicação:
1997
Tipo de documento:
Article
País de afiliação:
Estados Unidos