Facilitators and barriers to post-discharge pain assessment and triage: a qualitative study of nurses' and patients' perspectives.

BACKGROUND: After hospital discharge, patients can experience symptoms prompting them to seek acute medical attention. Early evaluation of patients' post-discharge symptoms by healthcare providers may improve appropriate healthcare utilization and patient safety. Post-discharge follow-up phone calls, which are used for routine transitional care in U.S. hospitals, serve as an important channel for provider-patient communication about symptoms. This study aimed to assess the facilitators and barriers to evaluating and triaging pain symptoms in cardiovascular patients through follow-up phone calls after their discharge from a large healthcare system in Central Massachusetts. We also discuss strategies that may help address the identified barriers. METHODS: Guided by the Practical, Robust, Implementation and Sustainability Model (PRISM), we completed semi-structured interviews with 7 nurses and 16 patients in 2020. Selected nurses conducted (or supervised) post-discharge follow-up calls on behalf of 5 clinical teams (2 primary care; 3 cardiology). We used thematic analysis to identify themes from interviews and mapped them to the domains of the PRISM model. RESULTS: Participants described common facilitators and barriers related to the four domains of PRISM: Intervention (I), Recipients (R), Implementation and Sustainability Infrastructure (ISI), and External Environment (EE). Facilitators include: (1) patients being willing to receive provider follow-up (R); (2) nurses experienced in symptom assessment (R); (3) good care coordination within individual clinical teams (R); (4) electronic health record system and call templates to support follow-up calls (ISI); and (5) national and institutional policies to support post-discharge follow-up (EE). Barriers include: (1) limitations of conducting symptom assessment by provider-initiated follow-up calls (I); (2) difficulty connecting patients and providers in a timely manner (R); (3) suboptimal coordination for transitional care among primary care and cardiology providers (R); and (4) lack of emphasis on post-discharge follow-up call reimbursement among cardiology clinics (EE). Specific barriers for pain assessment include: (1) concerns with pain medication misuse (R); and (2) no standardized pain assessment and triage protocol (ISI). CONCLUSIONS: Strategies to empower patients, facilitate timely patient-provider communication, and support care coordination regarding pain evaluation and treatment may reduce the barriers and improve processes and outcomes of pain assessment and triage.

Acurácia dos indicadores de risco do Programa de Defesa da Vida dos Lactentes em regi*o do Estado de Säo Paulo, Brasil / Accuracy of risk indicators of the Infant Life Defense Program in a region of Säo Paulo State, Brazil

O Programa de Defesa da Vida dos Lactentes da Secretaria de Higiene e Saúde do Município de Bauru tem um critério diagnóstico para a inclusäo de recém-nascidos dentro do programa. Este critério é formado pela combinaçäo de 11 indicadores clínicos e sociais de risco à mortalidade infantil de fácil obtençäo no momento do parto. Decidiu-se propor um critério diagnóstico alternativo, a partir dos mesmos indicadores clínicos e sociais, com maior sensibilidade para a mesma proporçäo de crianças matriculadas no Programa. Os dados hospitalares foram coletados no período de 11 de maio de 1986 a 10 de novembro de 1987. A mortalidade compreende o período entre 7 dias e 6 meses, que é o período de seguimento das crianças pelo Programa. Calculou-se para cada indicador o risco relativo bruto numa análise univariada e o risco relativo ajustado pela técnica de regressäo logística. Criou-se um sistema de pontuaçäo baseado na somatória dos excessos de risco de cada indicador