Development and assessment of immediate-release tablets containing clopidogrel bisulphate & aspirin-strategy for optimizing the combination formulation.

The main goal of the study was to improve the compliance and convenience of patients by designing and development of an immediate release (IR) fixed-dose combination (Clopidogrel bisulphate and Aspirin) tablets. The proposed combination product utilizes Clopidogrel to protect the moisture-sensitive aspirin component, enhancing its stability against atmospheric conditions. Response-surface approach (Design Expert vs. 13) was used to generate this IR tablet by calculating the right composition of independent variables such as Microcrystalline cellulose 102, pregelatinized starch and Hydroxypropyl cellulose. 32 factorial design was used to estimate the effects of these independent variables on the responses of dependent variables (disintegration & friability) and constructed a total of nine (9) formulations. Pre and Post formulation, quality control parameters were investigated as per pharmacopeia. A systematic approach was used for the optimization process and a prototype checkpoint batch (CPB) based on the better contrast of independent variables was prepared. In vitro analysis of formulations was carried out to estimate the responses. Friability was found in the range of 0.088-1.076%w/w, except F1 = 1.076 all are within limits (NMT 1.0%). Disintegration time was recorded 7.3 ± 1.20 as lower and 24.5 ± 1.63 min was the highest. The release of drugs from their dosage form was fast and rapid, for clopidogrel after 15min was 70.42-96.82% with SD ± 8.71 and aspirin was 69.88-91.49% in 15 min with SD ± 6.41, all the tablets were released more than 80% in 20 min. The stability outcomes of CPB tablets after 15 days of stress study (60 ± 2°C and 75 ± 5%) indicated good compatibility and stability of APIs with excipients. It was concluded that the direct compression method can be preferred to prepare a combination product with cost-effectiveness. It was also concluded that the proposed methodology could increase Aspirin's stability and allow for an aqueous coating system to finish the product with a film coating. By using Design Expert software, the best composition of the formulation can be selected and optimized in a short period of time with minimum trial and errors. The results also demonstrated that the use of a fixed-dose combination tablet instead of the individual is expected to be more convenient to patients and thus improves patient compliance and decreases the occurrence of adverse effects and side effects.

Assessment of the Implementation of Pakistan's National Action Plan on Antimicrobial Resistance in the Agriculture and Food Sectors.

The agriculture and food (agrifood) sectors play key roles in the emergence, spread, and containment of antimicrobial resistance (AMR). Pakistan's first National Action Plan (NAP) on AMR was developed to guide One Health interventions to combat AMR through 2017-2022. To improve subsequent iterations, we assessed the implementation of Pakistan's NAP in the agrifood sectors (NAPag) in October 2022, using the Progressive Management Pathway on AMR tool developed by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO). The assessment tool addressed four crucial focus areas of the NAPag: governance, awareness, evidence, and practices. Each focus area contains multiple topics, which involve four sequential stages of activities to progressively achieve systematic management of AMR risk in the agrifood sectors. High-level representatives of the NAPag stakeholders provided information for the assessment through pre-event documentary review and workshop discussions. The assessment results showed that Pakistan's NAPag had an overall moderate coverage (59%) of the anticipated activities. Gaps were particularly notable in strengthening governance, good practices, and interventions in non-livestock sectors. Furthermore, only 12% of the evaluated activities were fully executed and documented, consistently remaining at the planning and piloting stages in the livestock sector across all the examined topics. Insufficient attention to non-livestock sectors, inadequate regulation and enforcement capacity, and resource constraints have hindered scalable and sustainable interventions under the current plan. This assessment provides valuable insights to strengthen the inclusiveness and contribution of the agrifood sectors in the next NAP iteration. In the short-to-medium term, strategic prioritization is necessary to optimize the use of limited resources and target the most critical gaps, such as improving awareness among key stakeholders and fortifying regulations for prudent antimicrobial use. In the long term, integration of AMR into the country's broader health, development, and agricultural transformation agendas will be needed to generate sustainable benefits.

Smart Resource Allocation in Mobile Cloud Next-Generation Network (NGN) Orchestration with Context-Aware Data and Machine Learning for the Cost Optimization of Microservice Applications.

Mobile cloud computing (MCC) provides resources to users to handle smart mobile applications. In MCC, task scheduling is the solution for mobile users' context-aware computation resource-rich applications. Most existing approaches have achieved a moderate service reliability rate due to a lack of instance-centric resource estimations and task offloading, a statistical NP-hard problem. The current intelligent scheduling process cannot address NP-hard problems due to traditional task offloading approaches. To address this problem, the authors design an efficient context-aware service offloading approach based on instance-centric measurements. The revised machine learning model/algorithm employs task adaptation to make decisions regarding task offloading. The proposed MCVS scheduling algorithm predicts the usage rates of individual microservices for a practical task scheduling scheme, considering mobile device time, cost, network, location, and central processing unit (CPU) power to train data. One notable feature of the microservice software architecture is its capacity to facilitate the scalability, flexibility, and independent deployment of individual components. A series of simulation results show the efficiency of the proposed technique based on offloading, CPU usage, and execution time metrics. The experimental results efficiently show the learning rate in training and testing in comparison with existing approaches, showing efficient training and task offloading phases. The proposed system has lower costs and uses less energy to offload microservices in MCC. Graphical results are presented to define the effectiveness of the proposed model. For a service arrival rate of 80%, the proposed model achieves an average 4.5% service offloading rate and 0.18% CPU usage rate compared with state-of-the-art approaches. The proposed method demonstrates efficiency in terms of cost and energy savings for microservice offloading in mobile cloud computing (MCC).

Probabilistic risk assessment of microplastics in Tai Lake, China.

Microplastics are a global environmental concern, especially in freshwater ecosystems. Despite the studies in specific regions of Tai lake, a gap persists in understanding the comprehensive risk of MPs across the entire watershed. Therefore, this study offers an overview of MPs abundance and assesses ecotoxicological risk by employing acute and chronic species sensitivity distributions, which consider the effects triggered by MPs. The concentrations of MPs ranged from 0 to 18.6 particles/L within the lake, 1.56 to 1.42 × 102 particles/L in the rivers, and 0.16 to 0.7 particles/L in the estuaries. Certain areas, particularly the northwest and southeast regions, exhibit higher concentrations. Using existing toxicity data, this study calculated predicted no effect concentrations for acute and chronic exposure of MPs to freshwater species, resulting in values of 11.5 and 31.72 particles/L, respectively. The probabilistic risk assessment indicates that the average risk possibility of MPs in Tai lake was 16 %. Moreover, the risk characterization ratio indicated that 22 % of the locations in Tai lake showed an acute ecological risk, while 7.4 % exhibit a chronic ecological risk. The assessment concluded that MPs reported in the literature could pose a considerable risk to Tai lake biota. However, the risk associated with MPs followed descending order: river >lake > estuary waters. Our research supplies valuable insights for the assessment of ecological risks associated with MPs on a whole watershed scale.

A Recent Advancement in Food Quality Assessment: Using MOF-Based Sensors: Challenges and Future Aspects.

Monitoring food safety is crucial and significantly impacts the ecosystem and human health. To adequately address food safety problems, a collaborative effort needed from government, industry, and consumers. Modern sensing technologies with outstanding performance are needed to meet the growing demands for quick and accurate food safety monitoring. Recently, emerging sensors for regulating food safety have been extensively explored. Along with the development in sensing technology, the metal-organic frameworks (MOF)-based sensors gained more attention due to their excellent sensing, catalytic, and adsorption properties. This review summarizes the current advancements and applications of MOFs-based sensors, including colorimetric, electrochemical, luminescent, surface-enhanced Raman scattering, and electrochemiluminescent sensors. and also focused on the applications of MOF-based sensors for the monitoring of toxins such as heavy metals, pesticide residues, mycotoxins, pathogens, and illegal food additives from food samples. Future trends, as well as current developments in MOF-based materials.

Microplastics in Tai lake food web: Trophic transfer and human health risk assessment.

Although microplastics (MPs) in marine organisms have been widely studied, the toxicity of MPs in freshwaters and human health is still a global challenge. To fill this gap, we implemented an Ecopath and food web accumulation model to simulate the Tai Lake ecosystem, a region dependent on the tourism and seafood industries. Our results suggested the accumulation of MPs throughout the food web and ultimately reach organisms at high trophic levels, including human-being, who consume MPs through seafood. The adults were prone to consume more MPs than adolescents and children. Unlike clams, fish biota magnification factors indicated that MPs accumulation between specific predator-prey interactions is not expected. The abundance of MPs within clams reveals a potential risk of MPs entering the food web. To better understand the MPs transfer, we recommend paying greater attention to species-specific mechanisms and the resources they rely on.

Eco-innovation and environmental entrepreneurship: steps towards business growth.

Eco-innovations are widely considered the best possible solution to fight the menace of environmental degradation. Therefore, in this analysis, we try to examine the impact of eco-innovations and environmental entrepreneurship on SME performance in China from 1998 to 2020. In order to get the short- and long-run estimates, we have employed the QARDL model that can estimate across various quantiles. The findings of the QARDL model confirm the positive impact of eco-innovations in increasing the number of SMEs in the long run, as the estimates attached to eco-innovations are positive and significant across most quantiles. Similarly, the estimates attached to financial development and institutional quality are positively significant across most quantiles. However, in the short run, the results are inconclusive for almost all variables. As far as the asymmetric impact of eco-innovations on SMEs is concerned, it is confirmed both in the short and long run. However, the asymmetric impacts of financial development and institutional quality on SMEs are only confirmed in the long run. Based on the results, important policy suggestions are discussed.

Asian logistics industry efficiency under low carbon environment: policy implications for sustainable development.

Logistics is a crucial part of every business. The logistics sector not only contributes significantly to Asian economies but also has far-reaching effects on ecological and social concerns. Therefore, it is important to examine the factors that can affect the logistics performance of the country. Hence, the primary objective of the study is to estimate the impact of CO2 emissions, ICT, and human capital on the logistics performance of the 20 Asian economies. In order to investigate the relationship between the variables, we have employed the OLS, 2SLS, GMM, and panel quantile regression. The estimates of CO2 emissions and GHG emissions are significantly negative in 2SLS and GMM methods, implying that environmental pollution hurt logistic performance. The estimates of ICT and education are positively significant, suggesting that increased use of internet and higher education rate are crucial in improving logistics performance. In the panel quantile regression model, the estimates of CO2, internet, and education are insignificant at most quantiles except at a few higher quantiles. Thus, governments should invest in the development of efficient logistics infrastructure to achieve sustainable development.

How do energy prices and climate shocks affect human health? Insights from BRICS.

The presented work analyzes the energy prices, climate shock, and health deprivation nexus in the BRICS economies for the period 1995-2020. Panel ARDL-PMG technique is used to reveal the underexplored linkages. The long-run estimates of energy prices are observed to be negatively significant to the health expenditure and life expectancy model, whereas, positively significant to the climate change model. These findings suggest that energy prices significantly reduce health expenditures and life expectancy and, thus, increase the death rate in the BRICS economies. The long-run country-wise estimate of energy prices is found negatively significant in case of Brazil, India, China, and South Africa. Alongside, the group-wise significance of CO2 emissions is discovered to be negatively, positively, and insignificant in the cases of life expectancy, death rate, and health expenditure models, respectively. Besides, country-wise long-run estimate of CO2 emissions witnesses negative significance for Russia, India, China, and South Africa.

How do financial fragility and ICT penetration affect renewable energy consumption and green growth in top-polluting economies?

Green growth is an extension of traditional economic growth. Financial fragility and ICT penetration are important pillars of green growth sustainability. However, very limited studies have explored this association and provided conflicting results. Thus, our study intends to fill this vacuum by exploring the impact of financial fragility and ICT penetration on renewable energy consumption and green growth for the top five polluting economies over the period 1996-2020. In this study, financial fragility is measured by bank costs and bank non-performing loans. Panel ARDL technique is used to find out long-run and short-run results estimates. Financial fragility reduces renewable energy consumption and green growth in the long run. However, internet penetration enhances renewable energy consumption and green growth in the long run. Our findings suggest imperative policy implications for the green economy.

MOF-Derived AlCuSe2 Embedded in a Carbon Matrix for an Economical Anode of Lithium-Ion Battery.

Binary metal chalcogenides (TMCs) have emerged as a potential candidate for lithium-ion batteries due to their availability, abundance, chemical properties, and high theoretical capacities. Despite these characteristics, they suffer from significant volume change, limited life cycle, and inferior rate capabilities which hinder their practical applications. These issues can be addressed by selecting low-cost nanostructure metal combinations coupled with a carbon matrix, which tackles significant volume change to give prolonged cycle life and high-rate capabilities. Herein, novel MOF-derived aluminum copper selenide (ACSe@C) nanospheres embedded in a carbon matrix are synthesized via a facile solvothermal route. Owing to their uniform porous structure, ACSe@C nanospheres exhibit excellent electrochemical performance as an anode material for Li-ion batteries. ACSe@C delivers a high specific capacity of 633.6 mAh g-1 at 0.1 A g-1 and a good rate capability of 532 mAh g-1 at 0.1 A g-1 and 400 mAh g-1 at 8 A g-1. This study demonstrates that ACSe@C is a good candidate for next-generation energy-storage devices.

Early assessment of aspiration risk in acute stroke by fiberoptic endoscopy in critically ill patients.

BACKGROUND: Fiberoptic endoscopic evaluation of swallowing (FEES) has been recommended to assess aspiration in stroke. This study aimed to determine the diagnostic and prognostic roles of FEES in the early assessment of aspiration, intensive care unit (ICU) stay and mortality in acute stroke patients. METHODS: Fifty-two patients with acute stroke admitted to the Alexandria Main University Hospital were included. Complete examinations and assessment of aspiration using the 8-point penetration-aspiration scale (PAS) with FEES protocol were performed. RESULTS: The patients were classified into three groups: normal with no or low risk of aspiration (n=15, 27.3%; PAS level 1), low to moderate risk (n=8, 14.5%; PAS level 2-4), and high risk (n=32, 58.2%; PAS ≥5). There was high incidence of aspiration pneumonia, prolonged ICU stay, and mortality in both moderate- and high-risk groups (P=0.001, P<0.001, and P<0.001, respectively). The PAS score predicted aspiration pneumonia (hospital-acquired pneumonia) with sensitivity and specificity of 80.0% and 76.0%, respectively (negative predictive value [NPV], 76.0; positive predictive value [PPV], 80.0; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.706-0.940) and mortality with sensitivity and specificity of 88.46% and 68.97% (NPV, 87.0; PPV, 71.9; 95% CI, 0.749-0.951). The PAS score could predict the length of ICU stay with sensitivity and specificity of 70.21% and 87.50, respectively (NPV, 33.3; PPV, 97.1; 95% CI, 0.605-0.906). CONCLUSIONS: The standard FEES protocol using PAS score is a useful tool to assess aspiration in acute stroke patients and could be used to predict length of ICU stay and mortality.

Assessment of Phenotypic Diversity in the USDA Collection of Quinoa Links Genotypic Adaptation to Germplasm Origin.

Quinoa's germplasm evaluation is the first step towards determining its suitability under new environmental conditions. The aim of this study was to introduce suitable germplasm to the lowland areas of the Faisalabad Plain that could then be used to introduce quinoa more effectively to that region. A set of 117 quinoa genotypes belonging to the USDA quinoa collection was evaluated for 11 phenotypic quantitative traits (grain yield (Y), its biological and numerical components plus phenological variables) in a RCBD during two consecutive growing seasons at the University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan under mid-autumn sowings. Genotypic performance changed across the years, however most phenotypic traits showed high heritability, from 0.75 for Harvest Index (HI) to 0.97 for aerial biomass (B) and Y. Ordination and cluster analyses differentiated four groups dominated by genotypes from: Peru and the Bolivian Highlands (G1); the Bolivian Highlands (G2); the Ballón collection (regarded as a cross between Bolivian and Sea Level (Chilean) genotypes) plus Bolivian Highlands (G3); and Ballón plus Sea Level (G4), this latter group being the most differentiated one. This genetic structure shared similarities with previous groups identified using SSR markers and G×E data from an international quinoa test. G4 genotypes showed the highest Y associated with higher B and seed numbers (SN), while HI made a significant contribution to yield determination in G2 and seed weight (SW) in G3. G1 and G2 showed the lowest Y associated with a lower B and SN. Moreover, SW showed a strongly negative association with SN in G2. Accordingly, G4 followed by G3 are better suited to the lowland areas of Faisalabad plain and the physiological traits underlying yield determination among genotypic groups should be considered in future breeding programs.

Incidence and management of CAR-T neurotoxicity in patients with multiple myeloma treated with ciltacabtagene autoleucel in CARTITUDE studies.

Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapies are highly effective for multiple myeloma (MM) but their impressive efficacy is associated with treatment-related neurotoxicities in some patients. In CARTITUDE-1, 5% of patients with MM reported movement and neurocognitive treatment-emergent adverse events (MNTs) with ciltacabtagene autoleucel (cilta-cel), a B-cell maturation antigen-targeted CAR T-cell therapy. We assessed the associated factors for MNTs in CARTITUDE-1. Based on common features, patients who experienced MNTs were characterized by the presence of a combination of at least two variables: high tumor burden, grade ≥2 cytokine release syndrome (CRS) or any grade immune effector cell-associated neurotoxicity syndrome (ICANS) after cilta-cel infusion, and high CAR T-cell expansion/persistence. Strategies were implemented across the cilta-cel development program to monitor and manage patients with MNTs, including enhanced bridging therapy to reduce baseline tumor burden, early aggressive treatment of CRS and ICANS, handwriting assessments for early symptom detection, and extended monitoring/reporting time for neurotoxicity beyond 100 days post-infusion. After successful implementation of these strategies, the incidence of MNTs was reduced from 5% to <1% across the cilta-cel program, supporting its favorable benefit-risk profile for treatment of MM.

Physiological and biochemical characterization of Kalongi (Nigella sativa) against arsenic stress: Implications for human health risk assessment.

Arsenic (As) is a toxic metalloid that exhibits a varying degree of toxicity in plants depending upon the redox status of its species. Elemental arsenic [As(0)] is the least toxic of all the As species, however, under conducive environmental conditions, it can be readily oxidized into toxic forms. The present experiment was designed to evaluate the deleterious effects of As when applied in As(0) form on the morpho-physiological attributes of Kalongi (Nigella sativa). Seeds of N. sativa were sown in soil contaminated with various levels of As (0, 1.875, 3.75, 7.5, 15.0, and 30.0 mg nA(0) kg-1 soil). The results indicated that plant biomass and grain yield of N. sativa were not much affected by various levels of As except at 30 mg nA(0) kg-1 soil. Activities of antioxidant enzymes (SOD, APX, POX, and CAT), phenolic contents, and carotenoids were enhanced in response to the overproduction of H2O2, subsequently inhibiting lipid peroxidation. Arsenic accumulation in different plant organs increased with increasing soil As levels in the given trend root > shoot > leaf > seedpod > seed. Arsenic uptake affected the uptake of other elements (P, Fe, Zn, K, Na, Ca). Adaptive changes in total chlorophyll contents, MDA contents, and antioxidant enzymatic defense mechanism in response to As stress suggest that the N. sativa is tolerant to moderate As stress. Therefore, this crop can be cultivated on moderately As-contaminated soils without any significant risks of economic losses and food chain contamination.

Misuse of charitable giving to finance violent extremism; A futuristic actions study amidst COVID-19 pandemic.

The purpose of the study is to explore the shadow economy of violent extremism through charity lenses and factors associated with misuse of charitable giving in a global financial system. It reviews the emergency response situations like COVID-19 when financial needs are urgent with lacked monitoring and control over payment disbursement to vulnerable groups. It highlights several governments' significant steps to counter the illicit finance flow through 'public-face' charity organizations. Descriptive research was used to gather secondary data insights using published reports, articles, news portals, and policy briefs from renowned institutions. The findings depict four factors known as economic and capacity, socio-cultural, politico-legal, and global networks support in misuse of charitable giving to finance violent extremism. This study claims not all charitable giving misused for extremism and violence. However, there is a possibility that extremist groups could take advantage of using humanitarian organizations' face to finance violent extremism. Two possible recommendations have been made to overcome this issue by adopting digital payment mechanisms and community engagement to design and deliver the COVID-19 response recovery programs.

Challenges for biosimilars: focus on rheumatoid arthritis.

Healthcare systems worldwide are struggling to find ways to fund the cost of innovative treatments such as gene therapies, regenerative medicine, and monoclonal antibodies (mAbs). As the world's best known mAbs are close to facing patent expirations, the biosimilars market is poised to grow with the hope of bringing prices down for cancer treatment and autoimmune disorders, however, this has yet to be realized. The development costs of biosimilars are significantly higher than their generic equivalents due to therapeutic equivalence trials and higher manufacturing costs. It is imperative that academics and relevant companies understand the costs and stages associated with biologics processing. This article brings these costs to the forefront with a focus on biosimilars being developed for Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA). mAbs have remarkably changed the treatment landscape, establishing their superior efficacy over traditional small chemicals. Five blockbuster TNFα mAbs, considered as first line biologics against RA, are either at the end of their patent life or have already expired and manufacturers are seeking to capture a significant portion of that market. Although in principle, market-share should be available, withstanding that the challenges regarding the compliance and regulations are being resolved, particularly with regards to variation in the glycosylation patterns and challenges associated with manufacturing. Glycan variants can significantly affect the quality attributes requiring characterization throughout production. Successful penetration of biologics can drive down prices and this will be a welcome change for patients and the healthcare providers. Herein we review the biologic TNFα inhibitors, which are on the market, in development, and the challenges being faced by biosimilar manufacturers.

Socioeconomic Status and Physical Activity among Mothers of Young Children in an Asian City: The Mediating Role of Household Activities and Domestic Help.

Mothers of preschoolers (3 to 5 years old) risk being physically inactive. This study aimed to examine associations between socioeconomic status (education, employment, income) and moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA) among mothers of preschoolers in Hong Kong. Family functioning (e.g., having a domestic helper, division of household chores and child-related activities) was explored as a potential mediator of associations between socioeconomic indicators and the mother's self-reported MVPA. Using zero-inflated negative binomial modelling confounder-adjusted associations between socioeconomic indicators and MVPA (total effects) were estimated. Mediation analyses (joint-significance test) were also performed. Using generalized linear mixed models, intermediate pathways were identified. No significant total effects of any socioeconomic indicator on the mother's MVPA were found. However, mediation analyses identified a complex network of inconsistent mediators partly explaining their associations via eight pathways. Also, whilst non-residents/extended family playing with the child(ren) was not associated with any socioeconomic indicator, this was negatively associated with the mother's MVPA. A further pathway was mediated by the mother playing with her child(ren). Extended family playing with the child(ren) was inversely associated with the mother doing so. Associations between socioeconomic indicators and MVPA among preschoolers' mothers are complex and inconsistent, requiring further investigation in diverse contexts. Encouraging active play with their preschoolers may increase mothers' physical activity levels.

Assessment of arsenic exposure by drinking well water and associated carcinogenic risk in peri-urban areas of Vehari, Pakistan.

Arsenic (As) is a highly toxic and carcinogenic element. It has received considerable consideration worldwide in recent years due to its highest toxicity to human, and currently, high concentrations observed in the groundwater. Some recent media and research reports also highlighted possible As contamination of groundwater systems in Pakistan. However, there is a scarcity of data about As contents in groundwater in different areas/regions of the country. Consequently, the current study estimated the As concentration in the groundwater used for drinking purpose in 15 peri-urban sites of district Vehari, Pakistan. In total, 127 groundwater samples were collected and examined for As contents in addition to physicochemical characteristics such as temperature, electrical conductivity, pH, total soluble salts, chloride, carbonates, bicarbonates, sodium, potassium, lithium, calcium and barium. Results indicated that the groundwater samples were not fully fit for drinking purposes with several parameters, especially the alarming levels of As (mean As: 46.9 µg/L). It was found that 83% groundwater samples of peri-urban sites in district Vehari have As concentration greater than WHO lower permissible limit (10 µg/L). The risk assessment parameters (mean hazard quotient: 3.9 and mean cancer risk: 0.0018) also showed possible carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic risks associated with ingestion of As-contaminated groundwater at peri-urban sites. Based on the findings, it is anticipated that special monitoring and management of groundwater is necessary in the studied area in order to curtail the health risks associated with the use of As-contaminated drinking water. Moreover, appropriate remediation and removal of As from groundwater is also imperative for the study area before being used for drinking purpose to avoid As exposure and related risks to the local community.

Assessment of Cucumber Genotypes for Salt Tolerance Based on Germination and Physiological Indices.

Soil salinity is one of the primary problem for agricultural crops which causes a great loss in crop production in Pakistan and worldwide. Various approaches have been implemented to overcome salinity problem. Assembly of crops for the enhancement of salt tolerance is a good strategy to achieve cost-effective yields. Cucumber is considered as one of the leading vegetable crop around the world for the nourishment of human being as source of nutrients, minerals, and vitamins. Screening of 12 cucumber genotypes using some physiological indices, that is, seedling germination stress tolerance index, plant height stress tolerance index, root length stress tolerance index, shoot and root dry weight stress tolerance index, and shoot and root fresh weight stress tolerance index were performed for the identification of salt tolerance. Using the above characteristics genotypes, Valley and HC-999 were categorized as tolerant, Safaa and Debra as medium tolerant, while Thamin-II identified as medium sensitive and NSC-CM1 and Akbar are classified as sensitive genotypes of cucumber. According to the current study findings, the screened cucumber genotypes for salinity tolerance can also be suggested to farmers for the improved production and yield of crop at saline soil.