The prevalence of psychological distress in adults newly diagnosed with type 2 diabetes: Data from the Australian 3D case-series study.

ISSUE ADDRESSED: This cross-sectional analysis of the Australian 3D study aimed to determine the prevalence of psychological distress and describe its associated characteristics in adults recently diagnosed with type 2 diabetes. METHODS: Adults (aged 18 years and over) who were recently diagnosed with type 2 diabetes (<6 months prior) were recruited through the Australian National Diabetes Services Scheme in 2018-2019. Demographic and health data were collected via interview-administered telephone surveys. Hierarchical regression was used to analyse whether demographic, self-care and clinical characteristics were associated with psychological distress, as measured by the K10 questionnaire. RESULTS: Of the participants (n = 223), 26.3% presented with psychological distress, with 8.4% reporting mild, 8.4% reporting moderate and 9.5% reporting severe psychological distress. Neither age, sex, body mass index or taking anti-depressant medications were associated with the presence of psychological distress (p > .05). Being a smoker, living situation, less physical activity and poorer healthy eating beliefs and intentions were significantly associated with psychological distress in those not taking anti-depressant medications (p < .05). Being female was significantly associated with psychological distress in those taking anti-depressant medications (p < .05). CONCLUSION: The study found that psychological distress is highly prevalent in adults recently diagnosed with type 2 diabetes. Behavioural factors such as smoking and low physical activity, as well as psycho-social factors such as living situation, poor healthy eating beliefs and intentions were significantly associated with psychological distress. This has implications for the management of people with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes. SO WHAT?: Psychological distress is highly prevalent in Australian adults newly diagnosed with type 2 diabetes, emphasising the urgent need for enhanced psychological care to support this group.

The validity of dietary assessment methods to accurately measure energy intake in children and adolescents who are overweight or obese: a systematic review.

The accurate assessment of energy intake in children and adolescents is an important outcome measure for clinical and population-based research. This systematic review aimed to determine the validity of dietary assessment methods to measure energy intake in children and adolescents who are classified as overweight or obese by comparison with doubly labelled water. Five electronic databases were searched using keywords. Of the 5263 papers identified, seven papers describing six studies met the inclusion criteria. Studies were included in the review if participants were classified as overweight or obese, aged 0-18 years old, if they estimated energy intake via a dietary assessment method and if they compared this to total energy expenditure measured via the doubly labelled water method. All studies were cross-sectional in nature, and each used one dietary assessment method, including 14-day-food record (FR; n = 1), 24 h dietary recall (n = 1), 8-day FR (n = 1), 9-day FR (n = 1), 3-day FR (n = 1) and diet history interview (n = 1). Sample sizes ranged from 9 to 59 participants, with the majority of studies including less than 30 participants (n = 4). Mis-reporting was evident in all of the studies, with under-reporting (n = 5) more frequent than over-reporting (n = 1). Findings from this review suggest that a 24-h dietary recall and diet history interview were the most accurate methods at the group level for children aged 4-14 years, where the parent or combined child and parent were the reporters.