Estimation and risk assessment of flubendiamide on fodder berseem clover (Trifolium alexandrinum L.) by QuEChERS methodology and LC-MS/MS.

The residues of flubendiamide from berseem were extracted and cleaned up by the QuEChERS approach and analysed by liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). The dissipation studies on berseem were carried out by application of flubendiamide at five different dosages i.e. 24, 36, 48, 72 and 96 g a.i. ha(-1). The residues reached below determination limit (BDL) of 0.01 mg kg(-1) in 7, 10, 10, 15 and 15 days for 24, 36, 48, 72 and 96 g.a.i. ha(-1)dosages, respectively. Half-life (t1/2) of flubendiamide on berseem was observed to be 1.08, 1.88, 1.94, 2.26 and 2.27 days, respectively, at 24, 36, 48, 72 and 96 g a.i. ha(-1). Theoretical maximum residue contributions (TMRC) values reached below the maximum permissible limit (MPI) for 3, 5 and 7 days in treatments at 24, 36 and 48 g.a.i. ha(-1), respectively, whereas in case of higher dose treatments i.e. 72 and 96 g a.i. ha(-1), the residues of flubendiamide reached below MPI after 10 days of treatment. These data could provide guidance for the proper and safe use of this pesticide on berseem in India.

Degradation pattern and risk assessment of chlorantraniliprole on berseem (Trifolium alexandrinum L.) using high performance liquid chromatography.

The persistence pattern of chlorantraniliprole on berseem leaves and its risk assessment for the safety of cattle were studied. QuEChERS method was used for the extraction and cleanup of samples and the residues of chlorantraniliprole were estimated using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and confirmed by Liquid Chromatograph-Mass Spectrometer (LCMS-MS). The dissipation studies on berseem were carried out by application of chlorantraniliprole at five different dosages i.e. 11.6, 17.1, 23.1, 34.7 and 46.2 g a.i. ha(-1). Average initial deposits of chlorantraniliprole were found to be 0.47, 0.61, 0.78, 1.15 and 1.31 mg kg(-1), respectively. The residues reached below determination limit (BDL) of 0.01 mg kg(-1) in 5, 7, 7, 10 and 10 days for 11.6, 17.1, 23.1, 34.7 and 46.2 g a.i. ha(-1) dosages, respectively. Half-life (t1/2) of chlorantraniliprole on berseem was observed to be 0.93, 1.14, 1.06, 1.00 and 1.33 days, respectively, at 11.6, 17.1, 23.1, 34.7 and 46.2 g a.i. ha(-1). It was found that the theoretical maximum residue contributions (TMRC) values reached below maximum permissible intake (MPI) on 0 day in berseem samples treated with chlorantraniliprole. These studies, therefore suggest that the use of chlorantraniliprole formulation at different dosages does not seem to pose any hazards to the consumers and a waiting period of one day is suggested to reduce the risk before consumption of berseem leaves. These data could provide guidance for the proper and safe use of this pesticide on berseem in India.

Doppler tissue imaging improves assessment of abnormal interventricular septal and posterior wall motion in constrictive pericarditis.

We hypothesized that Doppler tissue imaging in the short axis would provide enhanced quantitative information for differentiating the pattern and extent of abnormal septal and posterior wall motion in constrictive pericarditis (CP). Using quantitative pulsed wave and color M-mode Doppler tissue imaging, we quantified the pattern of abnormal septal and posterior wall motion and studied its incremental advantage over conventional M-mode and 2-dimensional echocardiography in 40 patients with surgically proven CP. The pattern and extent of abnormalities were compared with 35 age- and sex-matched control subjects and 20 patients with abnormal septal motion of other causes. In 33 patients (82.5%) with CP, the interventricular septum showed high-velocity (>7 cm/s) early diastolic biphasic motion with or without multiple recoil waves (polyphasic diastolic septal fluttering). In the posterior wall, the early diastolic wave was normal but the late diastolic wave was reduced in 24 patients (60%) and absent in 7 (17.5%). In comparison, M-mode and 2-dimensional echocardiography identified abnormal septal or posterior wall motion in 24 patients (60%) ( P = .003). The pattern of abnormal septal motion in CP could be differentiated from abnormal septal motion of other causes in 16 patients (80%). The overall sensitivity and specificity of high-velocity polyphasic septal flutter for differentiating CP from control cases and other diseases was 82.5% and 92.7%, respectively. In CP, Doppler tissue imaging in the short axis provides unique diagnostic information and reliably differentiates CP from control cases and most other causes of abnormal septal motion.

Effects of percutaneous mitral commissurotomy on longitudinal left ventricular dynamics in mitral stenosis: quantitative assessment by tissue velocity imaging.

OBJECTIVE: We hypothesized that mitral annular velocities would improve immediately after relief of mitral stenosis and that serial assessment could be used as an index for quantifying functional changes after percutaneous mitral commissurotomy (PMC). METHODS: Longitudinal left ventricular annular velocities were quantified by spectral pulsed wave Doppler tissue velocity imaging in 25 patients (16 women; mean age [+/-SD], 29.2 +/- 8.6 years) who had isolated mitral stenosis and were in sinus rhythm, and were compared with 30 age- and sex-matched control subjects. Echocardiography was performed 1 to 24 hours before PMC and 48 to 72 hours after, and changes in velocities from the lateral and septal corners of the mitral annulus in early diastole, late diastole, isovolumic contraction, and ejection were recorded. RESULTS: Systolic and diastolic mitral annular velocities were significantly less in patients with mitral stenosis than in control subjects. After PMC, peak annular velocity of systolic excursion in ejection and peak annular velocity in early diastole showed significant improvement. The change in peak annular velocity in early diastole in the lateral wall correlated well with improvement in the mitral valve orifice area by planimetry (ratio of mitral valve orifice area, 1.92 +/- 0.42; ratio of peak annular velocity in early diastole, 1.36 +/- 0.22; r = 0.65; P <.001). CONCLUSION: Serial evaluation of changes in mitral annular velocities by Doppler tissue imaging aids clinical assessment of immediate improvement in left ventricular function after PMC.