Does globalization and ecological footprint in OECD lead to national happiness.

This study examines the relationship between globalization, ecological footprint, innovation, and subjective wellbeing in the form of happiness, using a comprehensive assessment of OECD countries from 2008 to 2020. The study employs FGLS, Quantile, and Bootstrap Quantile regression estimation to investigate the quadratic effects of globalization, ecological footprint, and the moderating effect of innovation while controlling for renewable energy and population density. Happiness is a multidisciplinary subject, and this study focuses on the economic dimensions of happiness. The findings reveal a nonlinear relationship between ecological footprint and globalization, with negative effects on subjective wellbeing at high levels of ecological footprint and globalization. However, the moderating effect of innovation mitigates these adverse effects, indicating that innovation can help to offset the detrimental impacts of ecological footprint and globalization on subjective wellbeing. The study's implications are significant for policymakers promoting sustainable economic growth while enhancing subjective wellbeing. The findings highlight the importance of investing in innovation and sustainable development to promote subjective wellbeing in the face of increasing ecological footprint and globalization. Additionally, this research contributes to the multidisciplinary understanding of happiness and provides valuable insights for future research in this area.

Intervening long-run fundamentals of fossil energy demand-an effort towards responsible and clean energy consumption.

Energy is crucial for growth, but over-reliance on fossil energy undermines sustainability. COP27 has emphasized over transition towards clean energy. Empirical studies have pointed out that energy transition requires infrastructure development which is costly in the short run. Global and national efforts to transition to renewable energy require investigating what matters in global fossil energy demand. While empirical studies have focused on motivating renewable energy, this study explores the determinants of fossil energy in anticipation of reducing its reliance and moving towards sustainable development goals. A non-linear panel quantile ARDL regression was deployed using data from 137 countries and showed that increased forest and natural resource rents and health expenditures are already playing their role. The quadratic models highlighted the importance of optimizing resource rents to nudge the renewable resource decision. Now, policymakers need to intervene in terms of income, education, and fossil energy rents to help households and firms prefer renewable energy sources and move towards sustainability.

Nexus between biomass energy, economic growth, and ecological footprints: empirical investigation from belt and road initiative economies.

Several emerging economies, including economies in belt and road initiative (BRI), are experiencing difficulty attaining sustainable development goals. The efficient utilization of biomass energy sources plays an essential role in attaining sustainable development goals, especially among developing economies. This study empirically investigates the ecological footprints, biomass energy demand, and per capita income association for 30 BRI economies from 1995 to 2021. The study incorporates cointegration and panel quantile regression (PQR) to identify the relationship among discussed variables. Empirical outcomes indicate a negative significant biomass energy demand and ecological footprints relationship, especially among the economies with high traits of ecological footprints. Moreover, the empirical findings also confirm the negative significant per capita income and ecological footprints relationship, while the square of per capita income approves a significant positive association with ecological footprints. These estimates confirm the EKC hypothesis among per capita income and ecological footprints. The findings of the current study help to determine the optimum level of modern biomass energy consumption, which helps to attain economic growth without compromising ecological sustainability.

Sustainable environment quality: moderating role of renewable energy consumption in service sector for selected HDR listed countries.

Considering environmental deterioration, an emerging global problem, this study is aimed at determining the impact of the service sector economic activity on environmental quality from the environmental Kuznets curve (EKC) perspective and finding ways to reduce the carbon impact of service sector within the EKC relationship. This study proposes that renewable energy intensity in the economy plays an important role in reducing carbon print of service sector. This study is based on secondary data from 1995 to 2021 for different development-wise categorized country groups leading to 115 countries, according to the Human Development Report (HDR) on the Human Development Index (HDI). Estimated results using panel feasible generalized least squares (FGLS) have confirmed inverted U-shaped for very high HDI and medium HDI and U-shaped EKC for low HDI countries. This study is instrumental in confirming the moderating role of renewable energy in the service sector EKC. Policymakers can plan a gradual reduction of carbon footprint in the service sector by transitioning toward renewable energy.

The cultural differences in the effects of carbon emissions - an EKC analysis.

The postmodernism stance critiques the current discourse of modern consumption-based societies. These societies legitimize their embedded beliefs and actions based on their lifestyle reflected through their consumption patterns. Their consumption patterns relate to carbon footprints that are yet to be explored in the current body of knowledge at the macro level. The legitimacy of their lifestyle and consumption patterns rely on their conscious efforts in reducing carbon footprints. This study uses the environmental Kuznets curve model and explores the impact of household lifestyle and household consumption patterns on CO2 emissions across different cultures and societies worldwide. 49 countries were taken to assess how different cultures define consumption patterns related to CO2 emission. The results showed that the curvilinear relationship between consumption and CO2 depends on the country's national cultural orientation.

Nexus between fossil fuel consumption and infant mortality rate: a non-linear analysis.

For nations already facing pollution issues, fossil fuel energy consumption is deteriorating living standards. Though prevailing infrastructure makes fossil fuel energy use feasible for production, it still pollutes our environment. This study in the domain of environment and development assesses the impact of fossil fuel energy consumption on the infant mortality rate in 15 Asian economies during 1996 and 2019. The living standards are assessed using infant mortality rate, while non-linear fossil fuel energy consumption is used with gross capital formation, employment, and preprimary education as independent variables. The feasible generalized least square method evaluates the effects. The study concludes that fossil fuel energy consumption follows a U-shaped relationship explaining infant mortality. The results point out that over-consumption of fossil fuel energy is deteriorating the living standards considering low air quality levels in Asian economies.

Assessing the impact of diversity and ageing population on health expenditure of United States.

BACKGROUND: At the biological level, ageing results from a plodding decline in physical and mental capability, an emergent menace of malady, and eventually, fatality. Even though a few of the geriatric's health changes are hereditary, to a great extent is due to individual's physical and societal surroundings and their residence, locality, societies, gender, ethnicity or socio-economic status. The current debate is well popular by the relationship between increasing diversity and the ageing population with healthcare expenditure in the United States. Higher diversity in society and increasing ageing population have various socio-economic consequences. A good policy in this regard helpful to managed and get fruitful outcomes. OBJECTIVE: This study aims to examine the direct effects of diversity and ageing population on healthcare spending. The assortment observed in geriatrics is not arbitrary. A huge portion emerges from individual's physical and social settings and the influence of these environs on their prospect and well-being demeanour. METHOD: This study used the Bayesian-vector autoregressive model, impulse response analysis, and variance decomposition and data over the period 1990-2018 for empirical analysis of the United States. RESULTS: The empirical findings indicate that diversity and ageing population are more persistent with health expenditure in the United States. This study concludes that an increase in diversity and ageing population will rely on the long-term healthcare facility. CONCLUSION: The study suggests that cohesive society and effective health intervention might aid in curtailing expenditure pressure linked with elderly population. Furthermore, a recommendation of this study is a good opportunity for healthcare policymakers and further researches.

Distribution-based effects of disaggregated GDP and environmental quality-a case of quantile on quantile estimates.

There is a strong association between environmental quality and economic activity. Empirical studies term this relationship as environmental Kuznets curve (EKC) using time series or panel data regression analysis, but their estimates are based on several assumptions. This study has explored the distribution oriented robust effect of disaggregated real GDP on environmental quality. These estimates are free of assumptions and provide the actual distribution of effects rather than a single value of the marginal effect. The data is collected for 189 countries between 1990 and 2018, and estimates are generated using panel quantile regression and quantile on quantile regression. The estimation results point towards the U-shaped industry EKC, inverted U-shaped service EKC, and linear agriculture EKC. The robust, practical, and realistic estimates of real economic activity and environment have paved way towards an in-depth analysis to sustain a better environmental quality.

Sustainability assessment using STIRPAT approach to environmental quality: an extended panel data analysis.

The consequence of increasing economic activities is observable in the incidence of environmental deterioration. Many studies have explored the precedents of environment quality. In this regard, the proposed stochastic impacts by regression on population, affluence, and technology (STIRPAT) and environmental Kuznets curve (EKC) analysis are valuable not only for academic analysts, but also for policymakers. This study has focused on 80 selected countries between 1990 and 2017, which confirms the existence of EKC within the STIRPAT framework. The results are estimated with the help of dynamic ordinary least square (DOLS), which controls for the autocorrelation in long periods. According to the estimated results, this study confirms U-shaped EKC based on industrial-, agricultural-, and services-based economic activities. This means that over-reliance on one specific economic activity may harm the environment and create footprint. In this regard, urbanization is responsible for affecting carbon dioxide emissions. Moreover, governance and technology are protecting the environment. This quadratic function had classified the sample countries in terms of the degree of sustainability of their economic activity sectors. This study proposes that countries should work on a balanced composition of economic activity so that the lowest possible environmental deterioration is caused.

Empirical assessment of government policies and flattening of the COVID19 curve.

The objective of the study is 2-fold. First, it estimates the 2019 new coronavirus disease (COVID19) flattening curve using Panel Random Coefficient Model. This allows each country to have its trajectory while allowing for random error effects to transfer across countries. Second, it calculates the expected number of days to reach the flattening point of COVID19 curve and estimate the empirical effectiveness of government policies around the world using Poisson regression. This study avails global COVID19 incidence data for 190 countries between January 22, 2020 and May 11, 2020. In the absence of a vaccine or of more appropriate treatment options, non-pharmaceutical approaches must be used to control the spread of the COVID19. This study proposed that the contact tracing, stay at home restrictions and international movement restrictions are most effective in controlling the spread and flattening the COIVD19 curve. At the same time, habits that hurt the immune system like smoking have a negative effect on the flattening of the curve. The government should integrate these policies in their lockdown plan to make it smart lockdown.

Agricultural practices and quality of environment: evidence for global perspective.

The study emphasizes to examine the causal relationship among CO2 emission, agricultural value added, industrial production, urbanization, nuclear energy consumption, and economic growth across the panel of 59 countries. The data is collected from World Bank database over the period of 1982-2015. For econometric estimations, we have divided the sample into different income groups: low income, lower middle income, upper middle income, and higher income. In case of higher income countries, empirical results have reported the unidirectional causality from agricultural value added to CO2 emission, whereas, bidirectional causality between nuclear energy consumption and CO2 emission. Upper-middle-income countries have confirmed the bidirectional causality between CO2 emissions and agricultural added; however, unidirectional causality runs from nuclear consumption to CO2 emission. According to Granger causality estimations, agricultural value added and nuclear energy consumption do not cause the CO2 emission in low income and lower-middle-income countries. Long-run estimations have mentioned that higher agricultural value added leads to increase the CO2 emission, in upper middle income and higher income countries. On contrary, in case of low-income and lower-middle-income countries, agricultural value added has inverse relationship with CO2 emission. Higher nuclear energy consumption tends to reduce the CO2 emission, except the upper-middle-income countries.