Assessment of motion correction in dynamic rubidium-82 cardiac PET with and without frame-by-frame adjustment of attenuation maps for calculation of myocardial blood flow.

BACKGROUND: Patient motion during pharmacological stressing can have substantial impact on myocardial blood flow (MBF) estimated from dynamic PET. This work evaluated a motion correction algorithm with and without adjustment of the PET attenuation map. METHODS: Frame-by-frame motion correction was performed by three users on 30 rubidium-82 studies. Data were divided equally into three groups of motion severity [mild (M1), moderate (M2) and severe (M3)]. MBF data were compared for non-motion corrected (NC), motion-corrected-only (MC) and with adjustment of the attenuation map (MCAC). Percentage differences of MBF were calculated in the coronary territories and 17-segment polar plots. Polar plots of spill-over were also generated from the data. RESULTS: Median differences of 23% were seen in the RCA and 18% for the LAD in the M3 category for MC vs NC images. Differences for MCAC vs MC images were considerably smaller and typically < 10%. Spill-over plots for MC and MCAC were notably more uniform compared with NC images. CONCLUSION: Motion correction for dynamic rubidium data is desirable for future MBF software updates. Adjustment of the PET attenuation map results in only marginal differences and therefore is unlikely to be an essential requirement. Assessing the uniformity of spill-over plots is a useful visual aid for verifying motion correction techniques.

Iodine-123 metaiodobenzylguanidine scintigraphy for the assessment of cardiac sympathetic innervation and the relationship with cardiac autonomic function in healthy adults using standardized methods.

BACKGROUND: Global iodine-123 metaiodobenzylguanidine (I-MIBG) uptake is predictive of cardiovascular events and mortality in patients with heart failure. Normal variations in global and regional uptake, however, are not well defined and few studies have addressed the functional relevance of I-MIBG uptake and distribution in healthy individuals. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We performed I-MIBG scintigraphy and cardiac autonomic function testing using the standardized methodology in 15 healthy individuals (mean age 54.6±5.3 years, male : female 10 : 5) with no evidence of previous myocardial infarction or ischaemic heart disease. RESULTS: Early heart to mediastinum ratio (HMR) was 1.67±0.13, late HMR was 1.73±0.16 and washout rate was 19.09±7.63% (4.20-31.30). Regional analysis showed reduced tracer uptake at the apex, base and inferior wall in all individuals. Early and late HMR correlated negatively with RFa (r=-0.603; P=0.05 and r=-0.644; P=0.033) and expiration and inspiration ratio (r=-0.616; P=0.043 and r=-0.676; P=0.022) and positively with LFa/RFa (r=0.711; P=0.014 and r=0.784; P=0.004). Washout rate correlated only with RFa (r=0.642; P=0.033). CONCLUSION: Healthy adults show a heterogeneous pattern of cardiac innervation with reduced regional uptake of I-MIBG. Furthermore, HMR correlates with indices of cardiac sympathetic function, suggesting that it might not only be a useful prognostic marker but may also provide insight into the functional integrity of the cardiac autonomic nervous system.

Assessment of a protocol for routine simultaneous myocardial blood flow measurement and standard myocardial perfusion imaging with rubidium-82 on a high count rate positron emission tomography system.

OBJECTIVES: High count rate positron emission tomography (PET) systems offer the potential for accurate myocardial blood flow (MBF) quantification during first-pass dynamic imaging in conjunction with standard rubidium-82 (Rb-82) PET myocardial perfusion imaging (MPI). We investigate the feasibility of this using a Siemens Biograph mCT. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Current routine clinical PET MPI is performed with 1480 MBq (40 mCi) Rb-82. Dynamic first-pass images from 217 consecutive patients were reviewed for evidence of detector saturation, indicating that count rate limits had been exceeded. Phantom acquisitions in the presence of high count rates were performed to assess the effect of detector saturation on quantitative accuracy. RESULTS: Accurate MBF quantification and perfusion imaging using current protocols was successful in 85% of clinical cases. Detector block saturation was observed in 15% of cases, and phantom acquisitions indicate that saturation may have an adverse effect on quantitative accuracy. Visualization of transit or pooling of Rb-82 in the vessels in the axilla was the most consistent feature when saturation occurred. Reduction of administered activity to 1110 MBq (30 mCi) and subsequent evaluation of 159 patients ensured successful MBF quantification while maintaining good diagnostic quality perfusion imaging in 99% of cases. CONCLUSION: MBF quantification and good-quality standard perfusion imaging can be performed on a high count rate PET system using a single-acquisition protocol. The administered activity requires optimization and we recommend 1110 MBq for PET MPI with a Biograph mCT.