RESUMO
OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to assess bone density, bone architecture and clinical function of canine nonunion distal appendicular long bone fractures with a defect treated with fixation, compression-resistant matrix and recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2 (rhBMP-2). STUDY DESIGN: Prospective cohort study with dogs at least 1-year post treatment. Computed tomography was performed and quantitative measurements from previous fracture sites were compared with measurements from contralateral limbs. Subjective evaluation included gait assessment and palpation. RESULTS: Six patients met the inclusion criteria. The rhBMP-2 treated bone exhibited higher density at the periphery and lower density in the centre, similar to the contralateral limb. All patients were weight bearing on the treated limb and all fractures were healed. CONCLUSION: The rhBMP-2-treated bone underwent restoration of normal architecture and density. Acceptable limb function was present in all patients. The results of this study can serve as a basis for long-term response in treating nonunion fractures in veterinary patients.
Assuntos
Doenças do Cão , Fraturas Ósseas , Fraturas não Consolidadas , Humanos , Cães , Animais , Estudos Prospectivos , Consolidação da Fratura , Fator de Crescimento Transformador beta/uso terapêutico , Proteína Morfogenética Óssea 2/uso terapêutico , Fraturas Ósseas/diagnóstico por imagem , Fraturas Ósseas/tratamento farmacológico , Fraturas Ósseas/cirurgia , Fraturas Ósseas/veterinária , Fraturas não Consolidadas/diagnóstico por imagem , Fraturas não Consolidadas/tratamento farmacológico , Fraturas não Consolidadas/cirurgia , Fraturas não Consolidadas/veterinária , Proteínas Recombinantes/uso terapêutico , Regeneração Óssea , Doenças do Cão/tratamento farmacológicoRESUMO
Museum skull specimens represent a non-invasive, informative, and readily available means to study temporomandibular joint (TMJ) lesions, dental pathology, and anatomic variations in many mammalian species. Studying the teeth and jaws of an array of species can present a challenge requiring attention to detail and understanding of a species' normal anatomy. In the present article, a systematic and precise protocol for examining skull specimens is discussed that has been applied to a variety of mammals to define characteristic diseases in the oromaxillofacial region. The procedure outlined is simultaneously precise, repeatable, and adaptable to the highly differing skull and tooth shapes and anatomy across species. Specifically, specimens are examined for missing teeth, periodontal disease, endodontal disease, TMJ pathology, and anatomical variations. Results gleaned from research on museum specimens may reflect the natural history, health, and disease status of individuals and species. Furthermore, these data can inform ecological and conservation research efforts, as well as the care of captive individuals.