Conferências nacionais: ampliando e redefinindo os padrões de participação social no Brasil / Texto para Discussão TD 1739: Conferências nacionais: ampliando e redefinindo os padrões de participação social no Brasil

As conferências nacionais se tornaram a mais importante e abrangente política participativa no Brasil. O artigo apresenta os resultados de uma pesquisa nacional, realizada em julho de 2011, a partir de uma amostra de 2.200 respondentes. Seus resultados mostram que o padrão de participação inclusiva que surgiu ao nível local, no Brasil, está se expandindo para o nível nacional.

Living under a democracy: participation and its impact on the living conditions of the poor.

The Brazilian democratization took place between 1985 and 1988. In 1985, the authoritarian power holders transferred political power to civilians, and in 1988, a new democratic constitution was enacted, thus finalizing the transition. The end of the transition triggered processes of participation in different Brazilian cities, such as São Paulo, Belo Horizonte, Recife, and Rio de Janeiro. However, only in Porto Alegre could the political context in the postdemocratization period generate a process of reverting priorities, that is to say, of inverting the pattern of democratic participation and the pattern of public investment at the urban level. In this article, I show the social conditions of the poor in the city of Porto Alegre in 1985, explain the emergence of participatory budgeting in the city, and show how democracy made a difference in the living conditions of the urban poor in the city of Porto Alegre. In the second part of the article, I analyze the recent expansion of participatory budgeting in Brazil and its recent expansion to midsize cities. In the final part of the article, I show how new participatory institutions are being introduced at the federal level of government. Participation at the local and national levels is making a difference in the living conditions of the Brazilian poor.

Experiências nacionais de participação social / National experiences of social participation

O livro Experiências Nacionais de Participação Social é uma iniciativa do PRODEP - Projeto Democracia Participativa, um núcleo de pesquisas, ensino e extensão vinculado ao Departamento de Ciência Política da UFMG. O objetivo do livro é aprofundar a discussão acadêmica sobre a democracia no Brasil, entendendo que a participação e representação são elementos essenciais da democracia brasileira. Os temas tratados são republicanismo; pensamento social brasileiro; participação da juventude e participação no governo federal. Pretendemos apresentar ao leitor uma visão aprofundada dos problemas e potencialidades da democracia vista através desses diferentes temas. A obra apresenta, de forma inovadora, três perspectivas de análise da participação no governo federal. A primeira elaborada por intelectuais; a segunda; por membros do governo; e a terceira, pela sociedade civil

Sociedade civil, instituições participativas e representação: da autorização à legitimidade da ação / Civil society, participative institutions, and representation: from authorization to action legitimacy

In democratic Brazil, political participation has been characterized by the enlargement of civil society's presence in public policies. Such presence generated a series of institutions with the participation of civil society and state actors in the areas of social welfare, health and urban policies. Within these institutions, it began to happen what we can call an institutionalized representation of civil society. This representation is characterized by the inexistence of an explicit requirement of authorization, and the absence of a structure of territorial monopoly in the representation carried out by the actors of civil society. Representation by affinity is proposed as a manner of associating parliamentary representation and representation of civil society.

Dans le Brésil démocratique, la participation politique est marquée par une plus grande présence de la société civile dans le domaine des politiques publiques. Cette présence a engendré une série d'institutions où participent la société civile et des acteurs des États agissant sur le terrain de l'assistance sociale, de la santé et des politiques urbaines. Ces institutions ont fait apparaître ce qu'on peut appeler une représentation institutionnalisée de la société civile, dont les caractères sont tout d'abord l'absence explicite d'autorisation ainsi que l'absence de structure de monopole territorial dans la représentation effectuée par des acteurs de la société civile. Dans cet article, on cherche à discuter une façon de penser la légitimité de cette représentation en proposant la représentation par affinités comme susceptible d'associer représentation parlementaire et représentation de la société civile.