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Background: Salivary biomarkers can be used to diagnose illnesses, track their course, and gauge a patient's response to therapy. Inflammatory circumstances result in higher sCD44 levels. The most typical inflammatory disorder connected to periodontal tissue is called periodontitis. Therefore, the purpose "of the current study was to compare the levels of sCD44 in patients with chronic periodontitis before and after scaling and root planing. Objectives: 1) Determining CD44 concentrations in healthy individuals' spit. 2) To quantify CD44 levels in the saliva of individuals with persistent periodontitis. The third objective is to compare the levels of CD44 that can be dissolved in saliva between those with healthy gums and those with active periodontitis. 4) Assessing CD44 levels in saliva after "scaling and root planing in patients with chronic periodontitis." Materials and Methods: Half of the study participants were classified as having chronic periodontitis, while the other half had healthy gums. Participants with healthy gums and those with chronic periodontitis had their plaque levels, gingival status, and testing depths measured. All the same, data were calculated in persons with chronic periodontitis one month after they had "scaling and root planing done. Clinical attachment levels were evaluated before scaling and root planing was performed on patients with chronic periodontitis and again one month afterwards. Patients with chronic periodontitis," those whose condition had not improved following scaling and root planing (SRP), and healthy individuals all had spit tests conducted after a month. The concentration of sCD44 in the saliva was determined with a chemically coupled immunosorbent assay. Results: Salivary sCD44 levels were substantially greater in people with chronic periodontitis than in people without the condition. After one month of scaling and root planing in patients with chronic periodontitis, sCD44 levels drastically dropped (p < 0.0001). Conclusion: Chronic periodontitis is linked to elevated levels of salivary sCD44. sCD44 can be employed as a possible salivary biomarker for chronic Periodontitis.
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BACKGROUND: Marginal accuracy is one of the serious factors that play a key role in the overall success of prostheses. It is openly associated with marginal activities of microorganisms, which may develop micro-leakage and other problems. Therefore, this in vitro study was conducted to assess marginal accuracies in copings fabricated with two different alloys used in fixed partial dentures. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Two popularly used metal alloys, Mealloy (nickel-chromium alloy) (Dentsply India Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi, India) and Supranium (nickel-chromium alloy) (Bombay Precision Alloy Inc., Mumbai, India), were studied. Group 1 has 20 copings of Mealloy; group 2 also has 20 copings of Supranium. Blue inlay wax was used for wax pattern fabrication. All copings were cast and made by similar casting techniques. After adequate seating of copings on metal dies, the marginal difference was assessed under a stereomicroscope at typical intensification. All measurements were noticed and converted to the nearest micron. For each coping sample, four measurements were recorded; however, the means of all four surfaces were taken into account for further analysis. RESULTS: All interrelated data was processed by statistical analysis using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) software version 22.0 (IBM Corp., Armonk, NY, USA). The overall mean marginal gap of the samples of group 1 was higher than group 2. For group 1 coping samples, a maximum mean marginal gap of 43.379 was noticed at the buccal surface of the copings. P-value computation revealed non-significant values (0.60). For group 2 coping samples, a maximum mean marginal gap of 41.218 was found at the buccal surface of the copings. The measured value was 41.218. One-way ANOVA analysis showed that the degree of freedom was 132.13 for cumulative comparison, while it was 2.930 and 6.837 for calculations between groups and within groups, respectively. Two-sample t-test assessments revealed a p-value of 0.001 (significant) for group 1 and a p-value of 0.810 (non-significant) for group 2. CONCLUSION: The marginal space at the margin of the metal coping and the die was minimum for Supranium and maximum for Mealloy. Also, highly significant values were also identified for the metal samples of Supranium. Additionally, the selection of the perfect metal alloy should be entirely dependent on operator skills and clinical decision-making.
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INTRODUCTION: Success and failure of root canal therapy is largely dependent on the clinician and the patient. Once the tooth is restored into its functional and esthetic place, the root canal therapy is considered to be complete. It is a well-known fact that root canal space acts as a rich reservoir for microorganisms. Past studies show that root canal harbors an array of different microorganisms. Streptococcus mitis and Enterococcus faecalis have been found to be the most prevalent microorganisms isolated from the infected pulp canal space. Hence, we evaluated the association of endodontic signs and symptoms with root canal pathogens. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 120 patients were selected for the study and divided broadly into two groups: Group I containing patients with primary infection and group II containing patients in which retreatment was required. Both groups contained 60 patients each. Clinical parameters recorded for the study are pain, tenderness on percussion, swelling, periapical radiolucency on radiographic analysis, caries, sinus formation, and tooth mobility. After assessment, opening, and initial filing, sterile paper points were inserted into the root canal space for collection of microbiological sample, which was further send to laboratory for cultural analysis. All the results were analyzed by Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) software. Student's t-test and Fisher's exact test were used to evaluate the level of significance. RESULTS: While comparing the mean age of the patients in the two groups, no significant association was seen. Statistically significant results were obtained while comparing the association between pain and S. mitis. Positive correlation was seen on comparing the association between tenderness on percussion and E. faecalis. Also, a positive association was seen between periapical radiolucency and S. mitis. CONCLUSION: Strong positive correlation exists between S. mitis and E. faecalis and endodontic signs and symptoms. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: Sound knowledge regarding the association of microbes of root canal and specific endodontic signs and symptoms could help therapeutic management of root canal infections effectively.
