Nursing rights in comics: educational technological innovation report / Los derechos de enfermería en el cómic: informe de innovación tecnológica educativa / Direitos da enfermagem em quadrinhos: relato de inovação tecnológica educacional

ABSTRACT Objectives: to report an educational technology construction on nursing professionals' rights. Methods: an experience report on educational technology construction during the crediting of university extension hours in an undergraduate nursing course at a Brazilian public university, between March and June 2023. The Deming cycle was used as a procedural method. Results: four meetings were held between students and extension workers. Eight comic books were produced based on the Code of Ethics for Nurses, addressing professional autonomy, fair remuneration, risk-free work, denial of exposure in the media and others. The Deming cycle proved to be an important strategy for constructing products. Conclusions: nursing professionals' rights must be discussed and improved. Educational technologies, such as comic books, provide playful and reflective learning.

RESUMEN Objetivos: informar la construcción de una tecnología educativa sobre los derechos de los profesionales de enfermería. Métodos: relato de experiencia sobre la construcción de tecnología educativa durante la acreditación de horas de extensión universitaria en una carrera de pregrado en enfermería en una universidad pública brasileña, entre marzo y junio de 2023. Se utilizó el ciclo de Deming como método procesal. Resultados: se realizaron cuatro reuniones entre estudiantes y extensionistas. Se produjeron ocho historietas basadas en el Código de Ética para los Profesionales de Enfermería, abordando la autonomía profesional, la remuneración justa, el trabajo libre de riesgos, la negación de la exposición en los medios de comunicación y otros. El ciclo de Deming demostró ser una estrategia importante para la construcción de productos. Conclusiones: los derechos de los profesionales de enfermería deben ser discutidos y mejorados. Las tecnologías educativas, como los cómics, proporcionan un aprendizaje lúdico y reflexivo.

RESUMO Objetivos: relatar a construção de uma tecnologia educacional sobre os direitos dos profissionais de enfermagem. Métodos: relato de experiência sobre a construção de tecnologia educacional durante a creditação de horas de extensão universitária em uma disciplina da graduação em enfermagem de uma universidade pública brasileira, entre março e junho de 2023. Utilizou-se o ciclo de Deming como método processual. Resultados: foram realizados quatro encontros entre estudantes e extensionistas. Oito histórias em quadrinhos foram produzidas pautadas no Código de Ética dos Profissionais de Enfermagem abordando autonomia profissional, remuneração justa, trabalho sem riscos, negação à exposição em mídias e outros. O ciclo de Deming mostrou-se importante estratégia para construção dos produtos. Conclusões: os direitos dos profissionais de enfermagem devem ser discutidos e aprimorados. Tecnologias educacionais, como histórias em quadrinhos, proporcionam aprendizagem lúdica e reflexiva.

Preventing vertical HIV virus transmission: hospital care assessment.

OBJECTIVES: assess the implementation of actions to prevent vertical transmission of HIV. METHODS: a retrospective cohort study conducted in two maternity hospitals in the city of Montes Claros, State of Minas Gerais. All women admitted for childbirth diagnosed with HIV and their respective newborns were included from 2014 to 2017. Data were collected from medical records and analyzed descriptively. RESULTS: population consisted of 46 pairs of mothers and newborns. Management was considered inadequate in 30 cases of parturient/postpartum women (65.2%) and 14 cases of newborns (30.4%). The main reasons for inadequate maternal management were lack of pharmacological inhibition of lactation (53.3%) and counseling/consent for HIV testing (43.3%). For newborns, late onsetoffirst dose ofZidovudine (50.0%) and no prescriptionofNevirapine (28.6%). CONCLUSIONS: important prevention opportunities were missed, pointing to the need for improved care.

Preventing vertical HIV virus transmission: hospital care assessment / Prevención de la transmisión vertical del virus del VIH: evaluación de la asistencia hospitalaria / Prevenção da transmissão vertical do vírus HIV: avaliação da assistência hospitalar

ABSTRACT Objectives: assess the implementation of actions to prevent vertical transmission of HIV. Methods: a retrospective cohort study conducted in two maternity hospitals in the city of Montes Claros, State of Minas Gerais. All women admitted for childbirth diagnosed with HIV and their respective newborns were included from 2014 to 2017. Data were collected from medical records and analyzed descriptively. Results: population consisted of 46 pairs of mothers and newborns. Management was considered inadequate in 30 cases of parturient/postpartum women (65.2%) and 14 cases of newborns (30.4%). The main reasons for inadequate maternal management were lack of pharmacological inhibition of lactation (53.3%) and counseling/consent for HIV testing (43.3%). For newborns, late onsetoffirst dose ofZidovudine (50.0%) and no prescriptionofNevirapine (28.6%). Conclusions: important prevention opportunities were missed, pointing to the need for improved care.

RESUMEN Objetivos: evaluar la implementación de acciones para prevenir la transmisión vertical del VIH. Métodos: estudio de cohorte retrospectivo realizado en dos hospitales de maternidad em la ciudad de Montes Claros, estado de Minas Gerais. Todas las mujeres ingresadas para el parto diagnosticadas con VIH y sus respectivos reciénnacidos se incluyeron entre 2014 y 2017. Los datos se recopilaron de los registros médicos y se analizaron descriptivamente. Resultados: la población consistió en 46 pares de madres y reciénnacidos. El manejo se consideró inadecuado en 30 casos de mujeres parturientas/posparto (65,2%) y 14 casos de reciénnacidos(30,4%). Las razones principales para el manejo materno inadecuado fueron: falta de inhibición farmacológica de lalactancia (53.3%) y asesoramiento/consentimiento para la prueba del VIH (43,3%). Para los reciénnacidos, inicio tardío de la primera dosis de zidovudina (50.0%) y sin prescripción de nevirapina (28,6%). Conclusiones: se perdieron importantes oportunidades de prevención, lo que indica la necesidad de una mejor atención.

RESUMO Objetivos: avaliar a implementação das ações de prevenção da transmissão vertical do HIV. Métodos: estudo de coorte retrospectivo, realizado em duas maternidades de Montes Claros, Minas Gerais. Foram incluídas todas as mulheres admitidas para o parto com diagnóstico de HIV e seus respectivos recém-nascidos, nos anos de 2014 a 2017. Os dados foram coletados de prontuários e analisados de forma descritiva. Resultados: a população foi composta por 46 pares de mães e recém-nascidos. O manejo foi considerado inadequado em 30 casos de parturientes/puérperas (65,2 %) e em 14 casos de recém-nascidos (30,4%). Os principais motivos para a inadequação do manejo materno foram: ausência da inibição farmacológica da lactação (53,3%) e do aconselhamento/consentimento na realização do exame anti-HIV (43,3%). Para os recém-nascidos, início tardio da primeira dose daZidovudina (50,0%) e não prescrição da Nevirapina (28,6%). Conclusões: oportunidades importantes de prevenção foram perdidas, apontando para a necessidade de melhoria da assistência.

Hemovigilance: the experience of transfusion reaction reporting in a Teaching Hospital. / Hemovigilância: a experiência da notificação de reações transfusionais em Hospital Universitário.

OBJECTIVE: To describe the occurrence of immediate transfusion reactions received by the Risk Management Department of Hospital São Paulo. METHOD: Cross-sectional and retrospective study which analyzed the notification sheets of transfusion reactions that occurred between May 2002 and December 2016 and were included in the Hemovigilance National System. RESULTS: One thousand five hundred and forty-eight transfusion reaction notification sheets were analyzed, all of which concerned immediate reactions associated with packed red blood cells (72.5%). The most frequently reported reaction was febrile non-hemolytic transfusion reaction, and among severe and moderate cases, allergic reaction was the most common. The most frequently reported signs and symptoms were hyperthermia, sudoresis, chills, and skin lesions. No differences were observed regarding gender and age, and 90.7% of reactions occurred in patients with Rh+ factor. CONCLUSION: This study allowed for a better assessment and understanding of transfusion reactions, which will help to improve the quality of blood circulation and provide greater safety of patients undergoing transfusion therapy.

Family health strategy: relevance to the functional capacity of older people.

OBJECTIVE: to identify the functional capacity of older people based on their performance on basic activities of daily living. METHOD: a cross-sectional study, carried out through the record of the Family Health teams working in the urban area of a city in northern Minas Gerais, in 2015. To assess the functional capacity of 373 older people, the Katz Scale was applied, which includes dimensions on the performance of daily living activities. The interviews took place in the participants' households. RESULTS: of the total participants, 6.9% had some degree of dependence. Those aged over 80 years old and were living without a partner had about three times more chances of presenting higher levels of functional dependence. CONCLUSION: most older people enrolled in a Family Health Strategy had their functional capacity preserved.

Family health strategy: relevance to the functional capacity of older people / Estrategia salud de la familia: relevancia para la capacidad funcional de los ancianos / Estratégia saúde da família: relevância para a capacidade funcional de idosos

ABSTRACT Objective: to identify the functional capacity of older people based on their performance on basic activities of daily living. Method: a cross-sectional study, carried out through the record of the Family Health teams working in the urban area of a city in northern Minas Gerais, in 2015. To assess the functional capacity of 373 older people, the Katz Scale was applied, which includes dimensions on the performance of daily living activities. The interviews took place in the participants' households. Results: of the total participants, 6.9% had some degree of dependence. Those aged over 80 years old and were living without a partner had about three times more chances of presenting higher levels of functional dependence. Conclusion: most older people enrolled in a Family Health Strategy had their functional capacity preserved.

RESUMEN Objetivo: identificar la capacidad funcional de los ancianos con base en el desempeño para las actividades básicas de la vida diaria. Método: el estudio de delineamiento transversal, realizado por medio de los registros de equipos de Salud de la Familia que actúan en el área urbana de una ciudad del Norte de Minas Gerais, en el año de 2015. Para evaluar la capacidad funcional de 373 ancianos se aplicó la Escala de Katz, que contempla dimensiones sobre la realización de actividades de la vida diaria. Las encuestas ocurrieron en los domicilios de los participantes. Resultados: Del total de ancianos, el 6,9% poseían algún grado de dependencia. Aquellos con edades arriba de 80 años y que vivían sin compañero(a) tuvieron, aproximadamente, el triplo de chances de presentar niveles más elevados de dependencia funcional. Conclusión: Los ancianos registrados en un equipo de la Estrategia de Salud de la Familia poseían, en su gran parte, la capacidad funcional preservada.

RESUMO Objetivo: identificar a capacidade funcional de idosos com base no desempenho para as atividades básicas de vida diária. Método: estudo de delineamento transversal, realizado por meio dos registros de equipes de Saúde da Família que atuam na área urbana de uma cidade do Norte de Minas Gerais, no ano de 2015. Para avaliar a capacidade funcional de 373 idosos aplicou-se a Escala de Katz, que contempla dimensões sobre a realização de atividades da vida diária. As entrevistas ocorreram nos domicílios dos participantes. Resultados: do total de idosos, 6,9% possuíam algum grau de dependência. Aqueles com idades acima de 80 anos e que viviam sem companheiro(a) tiveram, aproximadamente, o triplo de chances de apresentar níveis mais elevados de dependência funcional. Conclusão: os idosos cadastrados em uma equipe da Estratégia de Saúde da Família possuíam, em sua maioria, capacidade funcional preservada.

Intercorrências em hemodiálise e avaliação da saúde de pacientes renais crônicos / Complications in hemodialysis and health assessment of chronic renal patients

Objetivo: Identificar as intercorrências clínicas e avaliar a percepção de saúde geral de pacientes renais crônicos em hemodiálise. Metodologia: Estudo transversal, descritivo, de abordagem quantitativa realizado com 77 pacientes em hemodiálise em uma Unidade Nefrológica do noroeste do Rio Grande do Sul. A coleta de dados ocorreu nos meses de maio, junho e julho de 2010, por meio de formulário de caracterização sociodemográfica/clínica o Kidney Disease and Quality of Live-Short Form (KDQOL-SFTM). Os dados foram analisados pela estatística descritiva. Projeto de pesquisa aprovado por Comitê de Ética sob parecer nº 02780243000-09. Resultados: A maioria dos pacientes eram homes (70,1%), idosos (45,4%), casados (59,7%). As intercorrências que ocorreram com mais frequência durante a hemodiálise foram: fraqueza, cãimbra e hipotensão arterial. Quanto a avaliação da saúde geral comparada a de um ano atrás, 39% avaliou com muito melhor agora e 33,8% como um pouco melhor agora. Conclusões: Mesmo com as intercorrências, os pacientes avaliam sua saúde melhor atualmente.

Objetivo: Identificar las complicaciones clínicas y evaluar la percepción de salud general de los pacientes renales crónicos en hemodiálisis. Metodología: Estudio transversal, con enfoque cuantitativo-descriptivo, realizado en 77 pacientes en hemodiálisis en una Unidad Nefrológica del noroeste de Rio Grande do Sul. La recolección de datos se realizó durante los meses de mayo, junio y julio de 2010 con un formulario de características sociodemográficas/clínicas, también denominado Kidney Disease and Quality of Live-Short Form (KDQOL-SFTM). Los datos se analizaron mediante estadística descriptiva. El proyecto de investigación fue aprobado por el Comité de Ética en el Consejo nº 02780243000-09. Resultados: La mayoría de los pacientes eran varones (70,1%), adultos mayores (45,4%), casados (59,7%). Los eventos que se produjeron con mayor frecuencia durante la hemodiálisis fueron: debilidad, calambres e hipotensión. En cuanto a la evaluación de la salud general en comparación con la de hace un año, el 39% lo calificó como mucho mejor ahora y el 33,8% como un poco mejor ahora. Conclusiones: A pesar de las complicaciones, actualmente los pacientes valoran mejor su salud.

Objective: To identify the clinical complications and to evaluate the perception of general health of chronic renal patients on hemodialysis. Methodology: Cross-sectional study, with quantitative, descriptive, approach, conducted with 77 patients on hemodialysis in a northwestern Nephrological Unit of Rio Grande do Sul. Data collection occurred during the months of May, June, and July of 2010, using a form of sociodemographic characteristics/clinics or Kidney Disease and Quality of Live-Short Form (KDQOL-SFTM). Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics. Research project was approved by the Ethics Committee on the advice nº 02780243000-09. Results: The majority of the patients were males (70.1%), older (45.4%), married (59.7%). The events that occurred more frequently during hemodialysis were: weakness, cramps, and hypotension. As evaluating the overall health compared to a year ago, 39% rated it much better now and 33.8% a little better now. Conclusions: Even with the complications, patients rate their health better now.

Effectiveness of educational programs on reducing the burden of caregivers of elderly individuals with dementia: a systematic review.

OBJECTIVE: This study's objective was to analyze the effectiveness of educational and support programs for caregivers on reducing their burden. METHOD: The method used was a systematic review. The following were searched; MEDLINE, LILACS, Embase, Cochrane, Web of Science, SciELO and CINAHL. RESULTS: Seven randomized clinical studies were included. These studies compared an educational program with standard care delivery, assessing the burden of caregivers through the Zarit Burden Interview. After the analysis of sensitivity, four studies were grouped in the meta-analysis showing a statistically significant reduction in caregiver burden among the participants of educational and support programs. CONCLUSION: The evidence obtained in this study suggests that educational and support programs have a positive impact on the reduction of caregiver burden when compared to standard care. Therefore, the inclusion of these programs in institutions providing care to the elderly is effective and should be encouraged. These programs should also share non-pharmacological management strategies for the behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia.

Effectiveness of educational programs on reducing the burden of caregivers of elderly individuals with dementia: a systematic review / Efetividade de programas de educação e suporte na redução da sobrecarga de cuidadores de idosos com demência: revisão sistemática / Efectividad de programas educativos en la sobrecarga de cuidadores de pacientes con diagnóstico de demencia: revisión sistemática

OBJECTIVE: This study's objective was to analyze the effectiveness of educational and support programs for caregivers on reducing their burden. METHOD: The method used was a systematic review. The following were searched; MEDLINE, LILACS, Embase, Cochrane, Web of Science, SciELO and CINAHL. RESULTS: Seven randomized clinical studies were included. These studies compared an educational program with standard care delivery, assessing the burden of caregivers through the Zarit Burden Interview. After the analysis of sensitivity, four studies were grouped in the meta-analysis showing a statistically significant reduction in caregiver burden among the participants of educational and support programs. CONCLUSION: The evidence obtained in this study suggests that educational and support programs have a positive impact on the reduction of caregiver burden when compared to standard care. Therefore, the inclusion of these programs in institutions providing care to the elderly is effective and should be encouraged. These programs should also share non-pharmacological management strategies for the behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia.

OBJETIVO: o objetivo deste estudo foi analisar a efetividade de programas de educação e suporte de cuidadores na redução de sua sobrecarga. MÉTODO: foi realizada uma revisão sistemática com consulta as bases Medline, Lilacs, Embase, Cochrane, Web of Science, SciELO e CINAHL. RESULTADOS: foram incluídos sete ensaios clínicos randomizados que comparavam o programa de educação ao cuidado usual, avaliando a sobrecarga do cuidador através da escala Burden Interview de Zarit. Após análise de sensibilidade, quatro estudos foram agrupados na metanálise, mostrando maior redução na sobrecarga do cuidador entre participantes de programas de educação e suporte, com significância estatística. CONCLUSÃO: as evidências, neste estudo, mostram que programas de educação e suporte são favoráveis para a redução da sobrecarga do cuidador quando comparados ao cuidado usual. Dessa forma, a inclusão desses programas em instituições voltadas para a assistência de idosos é efetiva e deve ser estimulada. Pode-se inferir ainda que esses programas devam contemplar o compartilhamento de estratégias de manejo não farmacológico dos sintomas psicológicos e comportamentais das demências.

OBJETIVO: El objetivo de este estudio fue analizar la eficacia de programas de educación y apoyo a cuidadores para reducir su sobrecarga. MÉTODO: El método utilizado fue una revisión sistemática. Consultamos el MEDLINE, LILACS, Embase, Cochrane, CINAHL y Web of Science. RESULTADOS: Se incluyeron los ensayos controlados aleatorios que compararon el programa de educación con la atención habitual, con evaluación de la carga del cuidador a través de la Escala de Zarit Burden. Tras el análisis de sensibilidad, cuatro estudios se combinaron en un meta-análisis, que muestra una mayor reducción de la carga del cuidador entre los participantes de los programas educativos y de apoyo, con significación estadística. CONCLUSIÓN: La evidencia en este estudio indica que los programas educativos y de apoyo son favorables para la reducción de la carga del cuidador. La inclusión de este tipo de programas en las instituciones dedicadas al cuidado de los ancianos es eficaz y debe fomentarse. Se puede inferir que estos programas deben incluir el intercambio de estrategias de manejo no-farmacológico para los síntomas conductuales y psicológicos de la demencia.

Indices of body fat distribution for assessment of lipodysthrophy in people living with HIV/AIDS.

BACKGROUND: Metabolic and morphological changes associated with excessive abdominal fat, after the introduction of Antiretroviral Therapy, increase the risk of cardiovascular disease in people living with HIV/AIDS(PLWHA). Accurate methods for body composition analysis are expensive and the use of anthropometric indices is an alternative. However the investigations about this subject in PLWHA are rare, making this research very important for clinical purpose and to advance scientific knowledge. The aim of this study is to correlate results of anthropometric indices of evaluation of body fat distribution with the results obtained by Dual-energy X-Ray Absorptiometry(DEXA), in people living with HIV/AIDS. METHODS: The sample was of 67 PLWHA(39 male and 28 female), aged 43.6±7.9 years. Body mass index, conicity index, waist/hip ratio, waist/height ratio and waist/thigh were calculated. Separated by sex, each index/ratio was plotted in a scatter chart with linear regression fit and their respective Pearson correlation coefficients. Analyses were performed using Prism statistical program and significance was set at 5%. RESULTS: The waist/height ratio presented the highest correlation coefficient, for both male (r=0.80, p<0.001) and female (r=0.87, p <001), while the lowest were in the waist/thigh also for both: male group (r=0.58, p<0.001) and female group (r=0.03, p=0.86). The other indices also showed significant positive correlation with DEXA. CONCLUSION: Anthropometric indices, especially waist/height ratio may be a good alternative way to be used for evaluating the distribution of fat in the abdominal region of adults living with HIV/ADIS.