Emotional self-knowledge profiles and relationships with mental health indicators support value in 'knowing thyself'.

"Know thyself" may be indicated by a balanced high pairing of two emotional self-knowledge indicators: attention to emotions and emotional clarity. Closely associated but often evaluated separately, emotional clarity is consistently, inversely associated with psychopathology, while evidence regarding attention to emotions is less consistent. Variables of high/low emotional clarity and attention to emotions yielded four emotional self-knowledge profiles which were analyzed for associations with mental health indicators (depression and anxiety symptoms, self-esteem, self-schema, resiliency, transcendence) in n = 264 adolescents. Here we report regression models which show that compared with neither, both high (attention + clarity) show higher positive self-schema (B = 2.83, p = 0.004), more resiliency (B = 2.76, p = 0.015) and higher transcendence (B = 82.4, p < 0.001), while high attention only is associated with lower self-esteem (B = - 3.38, p < 0.001) and more symptoms (B = 5.82, p < 0.001 for depression; B = 9.37, p < 0.001 for anxiety). High attention only is associated with most severe impairment all indicators excepting transcendence. Profiles including high clarity suggest protective effects, and 'implicit' versus 'explicit' emotional awareness are discussed. Balanced vs. imbalanced emotional self-awareness profiles dissimilarly affect mental health, which have implications for treatment and policy.

Brief assessment of schizotypal traits: A multinational study.

The Schizotypal Personality Questionnaire-Brief (SPQ-B) was developed with the aim of examining variations in healthy trait schizotypy, as well as latent vulnerability to psychotic-spectrum disorders. No previous study has studied the cross-cultural validity of the SPQ-B in a large cross-national sample. The main goal of the present study was to analyze the reliability and the internal structure of SPQ-B scores in a multinational sample of 28,426 participants recruited from 14 countries. The mean age was 22.63years (SD=7.08; range 16-68years), 37.7% (n=10,711) were men. The omega coefficients were high, ranging from 0.86 to 0.92 for the total sample. Confirmatory factor analysis revealed that SPQ-B items were grouped either in a theoretical structure of three first-order factors (Cognitive-Perceptual, Interpersonal, and Disorganized) or in a bifactor model (three first-order factors plus a general factor of schizotypal personality). In addition, the results supported configural but not strong measurement invariance of SPQ-B scores across samples. These findings provide new information about the factor structure of schizotypal personality, and support the validity and utility of the SPQ-B, a brief and easy tool for assessing self-reported schizotypal traits, in cross-national research. Theoretical and clinical implications for diagnostic systems, psychosis models, and cross-national mental health strategies are derived from these results.

Process of adaptation to Spanish of the Community Assessment of Psychic Experiences (CAPE).

INTRODUCTION: Research on vulnerability factors of psychosis and its secondary prevention is currently an area of great clinical interest. The objective of this study is to make a linguistic and cultural adaptation of the "Community Assessment of Psychic Experiences (CAPE) scale." The CAPE is a self-rated scale assessing three basic dimensions of the psychosis spectrum (positive, negative and depressive) in order to evaluate psychotic-like experiences and psychotic symptoms in the general population and therefore the potential risk of developing a psychotic disorder. METHOD: The translation-backtranslation methodology was applied to the 42-item CAPE version. The items translated to Spanish were backtranslated to English and rated on a semantic and conceptual equivalence scale to determine the coincidence of the backtranslated items with the original English version. RESULTS: All items translated and adapted by the Spanish bilingual consultant, and rated by an expert on the CAPE, received a type A (perfect) or B (satisfactory) equivalence assessment. CONCLUSIONS: The Spanish version of the CAPE has good parity with the original English version. This guarantees proper measurement of psychotic-like symptoms in samples of Spanish-speaking populations. Future studies should assess the reliability and validity of this adapted instrument.