[Conflicts of interest]. / Le conflit d'intérêts.

AIM: To define what a conflict of interest is in general, in the field of medicine and more specifically in the setting of Doctor Drug Company Relationship (DDCR). METHOD: Bibliographic research in the grey literature via Google to refine definitions and Pubmed searching to evaluate impact and management of CoI. RESULTS: Doctors or researchers have a CoI (are in the situation of) if another interest (financial or not) is in competition with the primary goal of doctors and researchers in medicine which is to promote health. Such situations occur often (not only) during DDCR. Nevertheless DDCR are necessary and beneficial at least to the development of new therapeutic drugs. Although CoIs signals an inherent risk of biased practice publication or recommendation, this does not mean the misleading will happened. Literature search demonstrates that financial CoIs may change drug prescriptions and impact publication quality or objectivity. Specific policies are needed to prevent and limit CoIs impact. Disclosure, regulation and prohibition are the main directions of such policy. CONCLUSION: DDCR are usually fruitful, at least in the domain of research to develop new efficient drugs. Limitation of CoIs relies on adapted policies discussed in this paper. Medical education, disclosure, ethics regulation and specific restrictions supported by our medical associations seem more relevant.

[The non-hormonal treatment of metastatic prostate cancer]. / Le traitement non hormonal de la maladie métastatique du cancer de la prostate.

AIM: To describe drugs used in the non-hormonal treatment of metastatic prostate cancer. MATERIAL: Bibliographical search was performed from the database Medline (National Library of Medicine, PubMed) and websites of the HAS and the ANSM. The search was focused on the characteristics, the mode of action, the efficiency and the side effects of the various drugs concerned. RESULTS: The metabolic radiotherapy although under-used for this indication, kept a place at the beginning of the disease. Radium-223 chloride seems to have to occupy an important place in the coming years. The chemotherapy, the only recourse until very recently in the castration-resistant prostate cancer, must redefine its place partially. The denosumab provide an interesting alternative to bisphosphonates. CONCLUSION: The non-hormonal treatment of the metastatic disease of the prostate cancer is changing rapidly with the emergence of new molecules. Urologist must know perfectly these new drugs.

[Chemotherapy in male external genital organs (testicular and penile cancer)]. / Chimiothérapie des organes génitaux externes chez l'homme (cancer du testicule et du pénis).

AIM: To describe drugs used in the chemotherapy of testis and penis neoplasms. MATERIAL: Bibliographical search was performed from the database Medline (National Library of Medicine, PubMed) and websites of the HAS and the ANSM. The search was focused on the characteristics, the mode of action, the efficiency and the side effects of the various drugs concerned. RESULTS: Nowadays, the chemotherapy is perfectly codified in adjuvant treatment or in first-line treatment of metastatic testis cancer. A single dose of carboplatin for seminoma testicular (stage I) in adjuvant treatment situation is one of the latest advances. Concerning penis cancer, the optimal protocols validated by a high level of evidence are missing. CONCLUSION: The chemotherapy in testis and penis neoplasms knew few advances in recent years. So, it is necessary to include patients in clinical research protocols.