Significance of salivary poly (ADP-ribose)-polymerase in the assessment of age-dependent pathological processes in the oral cavity.

Age-related changes in the oral cavity are accompanied by the development of age-related pathology, such as chronic periodontitis (CP). Although apoptosis plays a certain role in its pathogenesis, this fact, however, has not been evaluated clinically, and the diagnostic information content of biomarkers of apoptosis and aging has not been determined. The aim of the study was to evaluate the content of cleaved poly-(ADP-ribose)-polymerase (cPARP) and caspase-3 (Casp3) in mixed saliva of elderly patients with age-related dental diseases and in mature patients with mild to moderate CP. The study included 69 people. The control group included 22 healthy young volunteers aged 18 to 44 years. The main group included 22 elderly patients aged 60 to 74 years. They were divided into subgroups according to clinical manifestations: occlusion (comparison group), periodontal, and dystrophic syndromes. Additionally, a group of 25 patients of mature age from 45 to 59 years old with mild to moderate CP was analyzed. The content of salivary Casp3 in patients with occlusion syndrome was lower than in healthy young people (p=0.014). In patients with the periodontal syndrome, the content of cPARP was higher than in the comparison group (p=0.031). The group with dystrophic syndrome had the highest level of Casp3 in comparison with the control group and the comparison group (p=0.012, p=0.004, respectively). There were no statistically significant differences between patients of different age groups with mild to moderate CP. Evaluation of the correlation between cPARP and Casp3 levels revealed a direct relationship in the group of elderly patients and in patients with mild CP (r=0.69, r=0.81, respectively). We assessed the effect of Casp3 levels on changes in the cPARP levels by means of a simple linear regression analysis. The cPARP level correlated with the content of Casp3 (r²=0.555). According to the results of the ROC analysis, it was found that using the cPARP indicator it would be possible to distinguish between groups of elderly patients with periodontal and occlusion syndromes (AUC=0.71), while using Casp3 it would be possible to distinguish patients with the occlusion syndrome and the control group (AUC=0.78). Since the level of Casp3 in young people is significantly higher than in the elderly patients, its decrease can be considered as a potential salivary biomarker of aging. The level of studied cPARP in the elderly has clinical value in periodontal syndrome and low age dependence.

[Use of integral indices in the assessment of bucсal cytology in health and in the oral cavity pathology.]

Cytological analysis of buccal epithelium (BE) - the buccal cytogram allows to select about 20 parameters reflecting cytogenetic, inflammatory, proliferative and other disorders in epithelial cells used for biomonitoring and laboratory diagnostics. In order to simplify and increase the information content of this study, we conducted a comparative analysis of various integral indices when interpreting the buccal cytogram. 40 practically healthy volunteers, 35 patients with chronic periodontitis, 22 patients with chronic gingivitis and 20 patients with partial loss of teeth were examined. The obtained data revealed an increase in the degree of disorders of proliferation and apoptosis, their ratio as the inflammation increased from gingival tissue lesions to inflammation periodontal tissue. In assessing the condition of the mucous membranes in chronic gingivitis, the apoptosis index turned out to be more informative.In chronic periodontitis the index of cytogenetic disorders is indicative. In this category of patients, the accumulation index of cytogenetic disorders did not have any advantages over the others, and the reparative index was less informative.

[Assessment of antiviral immunity in pregnant women with mixed infection (HIV + CMV), living in Surgut].

Concomitant cytomegalovirus infection (CMVI), a classical opportunistic infection, is an important problem among HIV-infection pregnant women. CMVI in pregnant women runs mainly in the latent form with reactivation under physiological immunosuppression. Therefore the evaluation of immunoresponsiveness in HIV-infected pregnant women with mixed (HIV + CMV) infection becomes to be of particular urgency. Sixty-five women who were registered in the antenatal clinic of Surgut and its anti-AIDS center in 2005-2007 were examined. The examinees' sera were tested for CMV antibody titers by heterogenous solid-phase enzyme immunoassay (EIA) to determine the moment of infection and differentiation of primary infection, reinfection, or infectious process reactivation. Assay of plasma CMV DNA was carried out by the polymerase chain reaction technique to evaluate the activity of CMVI. The high spread of serological CMVI markers in the pregnant women of the Middle Ob Region necessitates monitoring this group, by obligatorily determining IgM, IgG, and their avidity.

[The clinical assessment of immunological tests in hip replacement].

The reaction of organism to hip replacement was studied in 75 patients. The reaction developed in response to operative intervention either immediately after the operation (within 1-3 months) or to the beginning of the active functioning of the artificial joint (from the 6th month after operation). The development of complications after implantation of the endoprosthesis was followed by certain shifts of immunological indices. Prognostic criteria of the development of the implant instability before operation were a reduced level of immunoglobulin G and higher concentration of immunoglobulin E, in the long term period they are an increased level of IL-1 and of the content of cytoplasm cationic proteins of neutrophils.