RESUMO
Under normal conditions, myocardial metabolism is based on the oxidation of fatty acids and in a lesser extent carbohydrates. Cardiac function depends upon an adequate supplement of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) by these substrates. However, the main source of energy is susceptible to change upon a various physiologic (exercise) as well as pathologic (ischemia-reperfusion) conditions. Recently, carnitine has gained attention as a modulator of fatty acids and carbohydrates metabolism by means of modifying intramitochondrial Acetyl-CoA/CoA ratio. Disturbances in fatty acids and carbohydrates metabolism in the myocardium have been associated with cardiovascular diseases (chronic ischemic disease, ventricular hypertrophy and dilated cardiomyopathy). The evaluation of cardiac metabolism attains great value regarding diagnosis, treatment and prognosis of these diseases. Currently, positron emission tomography (PET) is one of the preferred methods to evaluate cardiac energy metabolism in clinical practice. In PET images the tracers most commonly used are 11C-palmitate, 11C-acetate y 18Fluoro-2-deoxyglucose (FDG), the first two are employed to assess fatty acids oxidation and FDG is used to evaluate carbohydrates metabolism.
Assuntos
Coração/diagnóstico por imagem , Miocárdio/metabolismo , Tomografia por Emissão de Pósitrons , Acetatos , Radioisótopos de Carbono , Fluordesoxiglucose F18 , Humanos , Palmitatos , Compostos RadiofarmacêuticosRESUMO
En condiciones normales el metabolismo energético del corazón se basa en la oxidación de ácidos grasos y en menor proporción de carbohidratos. La función cardiaca depende del suplemento adecuado de trifosfato de adenosina (ATP) proveniente de dichos sustratos. Sin embargo, la fuente principal de energía está sujeta a modificación porfactorestanto fisiológicos (ejercicio) como patológicos (isquemia-reperfusión). Recientemente, se ha puesto gran atención al papel de la carnitina como regulador del metabolismo de ácidos grasos y carbohidratos mediante la modulación de la relación intramitocondrial de acetil-CoA/CoA. Las alteraciones en el metabolismo de carbohidratos y ácidos grasos a nivel miocárdico se han asociado al desarrollo de diversas patologías cardiovasculares (cardiopatía isquémica, hipertrofia ventricular, y miocardiopatía dilatada) por lo cual el estudio del metabolismo cardiaco cobra gran relevancia para el diagnóstico, y pronóstico de estas patologías. Dentro de la práctica clínica, la tomografía por emisión de positrones (PET) es una de las técnicas más empleadas para la evaluación del metabolismo cardiaco. Los radiotrazadores más ampliamente empleados en imagen PET son "C-palmitato, "C-acetato y 18Fluoro-2-desoxiglucosa (FDG), los dos primeros se emplean para el estudio del metabolismo oxidativo de los ácidos grasos y la FDG nos permite estudiar el metabolismo de carbohidratos.
Under normal conditions, myocardial metabolism is based on the oxidation of fatty acids and in a lesser extent carbohydrates. Cardiac function depends upon an adequate supplement of adenosine triphosphate(ATP) by these substrates. However, the main source of energy is susceptible to change upon a various physiologic (exercise) as well as pathologic (ischemia-reperfusion) conditions. Recently, carnitine has gained attention as a modulator of fatty acids and carbohydrates metabolism by means of modifying intramitochondrial Acetyl-CoA/CoA ratio. Disturbances in fatty acids and carbohydrates metabolism in the myocardium have been associated with cardiovascular diseases (chronic ischemic disease, ventricular hypertrophy and dilated cardiomyopathy). The evaluation of cardiac metabolism attains great value regarding diagnosis, treatment and prognosis of these diseases. Currently, positron emission tomography (PET) is one of the preferred methods to evaluate cardiac energy metabolism in clinical practice. In PET images the tracers most commonly used are "C-palmitate, "C-acetate y 18Fluoro-2-deoxyglucose (FDG), the first two are employed to assess fatty acids oxidation and FDG is used to evaluate carbohydrates metabolism.