[The Brazilian School Nutrition Program from the standpoint of students attending state schools in Minas Gerais, Brazil]. / O Programa Nacional de Alimentação Escolar sob a ótica dos alunos da rede estadual de ensino de Minas Gerais, Brasil.

The scope of this article is to analyze the Brazilian School Nutrition Program from the standpoint of students attending state schools in Minas Gerais. It is a qualitative and quantitative cross-sectional study with a sample of 1500 students, representing the population of the state schools of Minas Gerais, involving the administration of a semi-structured questionnaire. The data were analyzed using simple frequency, mean, standard deviation, Fisher's exact test, the chi-square test and logistic regression (p < 0.05, CI 95%). The effective acceptance of the program was 28.8% and the effective adhesion to the program was 45.1%. Program acceptance was significantly higher among males and students who consumed less extra-institutional food. Acceptance and adhesion to the program was significantly higher among the older students and those who reported participating in activities related to nutritional education. In total, 73.5% of the students suggested improvements in school food. Many of the program's norms and guidelines are not being implemented. The acceptance of school food was negatively influenced by the consumption of extra-institutional foods and positively influenced by food and nutritional education activities.

O Programa Nacional de Alimentação Escolar sob a ótica dos alunos da rede estadual de ensino de Minas Gerais, Brasil / The Brazilian School Nutrition Program from the standpoint of students attending state schools in Minas Gerais, Brazil

O objetivo deste artigo é analisar o Programa de Alimentação Escolar sob a ótica dos alunos atendidos na rede estadual de ensino de Minas Gerais. Trata-se de estudo transversal, quali-quantitativo, com amostra de 1500 alunos, representativa do universo da rede estadual de ensino de Minas Gerais, utilizando questionário semiestruturado analisado por meio de frequência simples, média, desvio padrão, teste exato de Fisher, teste qui-quadrado e regressão logística (p < 0,05; IC 95%). Houve efetiva aceitação de 28,8% e efetiva adesão de 45,1% ao Programa. A aceitação foi significativamente maior entre alunos do sexo masculino e entre aqueles que apresentaram menor consumo de alimentos extrainstitucionais. A aceitação e a adesão foram significativamente maiores entre alunos do grupo etário mais velho e entre aqueles que referiram participar de atividades de Educação Alimentar e Nutricional. No total, 73,5% dos alunos sugeriram melhorias para a Alimentação Escolar. Muitos princípios e diretrizes do programa não estão sendo cumpridos. A aceitação da Alimentação Escolar mostrou-se negativamente influenciada pelo consumo de alimentos extrainstitucionais e positivamente influenciada pelas ações de Educação Alimentar e Nutricional.

The scope of this article is to analyze the Brazilian School Nutrition Program from the standpoint of students attending state schools in Minas Gerais. It is a qualitative and quantitative cross-sectional study with a sample of 1500 students, representing the population of the state schools of Minas Gerais, involving the administration of a semi-structured questionnaire. The data were analyzed using simple frequency, mean, standard deviation, Fisher's exact test, the chi-square test and logistic regression (p < 0.05, CI 95%). The effective acceptance of the program was 28.8% and the effective adhesion to the program was 45.1%. Program acceptance was significantly higher among males and students who consumed less extra-institutional food. Acceptance and adhesion to the program was significantly higher among the older students and those who reported participating in activities related to nutritional education. In total, 73.5% of the students suggested improvements in school food. Many of the program's norms and guidelines are not being implemented. The acceptance of school food was negatively influenced by the consumption of extra-institutional foods and positively influenced by food and nutritional education activities.

[Iodine deficiency and associated factors in infants and preschool children in an urban community in the semiarid region of Minas Gerais State, Brazil, 2008]. / Deficiência de iodo e fatores associados em lactentes e pré-escolares de um município do semiárido de Minas Gerais, Brasil, 2008.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of iodine deficiency in children aged 6 to 71 months in Novo Cruzeiro, Minas Gerais State, Brazil. A total of 475 children, allocated by stratified probability sampling, were analyzed with respect to the iodine concentrations in the salt consumed by the family and urinary iodine. Iodine deficiency was verified in 34.4% of the children, of which 23.5% showed slight deficiency, 5.9% moderate and 5% serious deficiency. A difference in the distribution of iodine deficiency was observed between the urban and the rural environments (p < 0.001) where average urinary iodine concentrations of 150.8 and 114.3µg/L respectively were found. A greater proportion of iodine deficiency was observed among children where the proportion of iodine in the salt consumed was below the recommended level. Although expressive, iodine deficiency in Novo Cruzeiro is not a public health problem according to World Health Organization (WHO), The limitrophe distribution of the urinary iodine associated with low iodine levels in salt suggests that efforts to control this deficiency are not yet complete.

Deficiência de iodo e fatores associados em lactentes e pré-escolares de um município do semiárido de Minas Gerais, Brasil, 2008 / Iodine deficiency and associated factors in infants and preschool children in an urban community in the semiarid region of Minas Gerais State, Brazil, 2008

O objetivo do estudo foi avaliar a prevalência de deficiência de iodo em crianças de 6 a 71 meses em Novo Cruzeiro, Minas Gerais, Brasil. Foram analisadas 475 crianças alocadas por amostragem probabilística estratificada em relação às concentrações de iodo no sal de consumo familiar e excreção urinária de iodo. Observou-se excreção deficiente de iodo em 34,4 por cento das crianças; entre as quais, 23,5 por cento apresentaram deficiência leve; 5,9 por cento, moderada; e 5 por cento, grave. Diferença na distribuição da deficiência de iodo urinário foi constatada entre o meio urbano e rural (p < 0,001), registrando concentrações medianas de iodúria de 150,8µg/L e 114,3µg/L, respectivamente. Observou-se alta proporção de deficiência entre crianças cujo teor de iodo no sal de consumo encontrava-se abaixo da recomendação. A deficiência de iodo em Novo Cruzeiro não constitui problema de saúde pública segundo a Organização Mundial da Saúde (OMS), embora apresente prevalência ainda expressiva. A distribuição limítrofe de iodúria associada a baixos níveis de iodo no sal sugere que as ações de controle dessa carência ainda não são completas no país.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of iodine deficiency in children aged 6 to 71 months in Novo Cruzeiro, Minas Gerais State, Brazil. A total of 475 children, allocated by stratified probability sampling, were analyzed with respect to the iodine concentrations in the salt consumed by the family and urinary iodine. Iodine deficiency was verified in 34.4 percent of the children, of which 23.5 percent showed slight deficiency, 5.9 percent moderate and 5 percent serious deficiency. A difference in the distribution of iodine deficiency was observed between the urban and the rural environments (p < 0.001) where average urinary iodine concentrations of 150.8 and 114.3µg/L respectively were found. A greater proportion of iodine deficiency was observed among children where the proportion of iodine in the salt consumed was below the recommended level. Although expressive, iodine deficiency in Novo Cruzeiro is not a public health problem according to World Health Organization (WHO), The limitrophe distribution of the urinary iodine associated with low iodine levels in salt suggests that efforts to control this deficiency are not yet complete.

[Food intake according to socioeconomic and demographic profile: the Bambuí Project]. / Consumo alimentar da população adulta segundo perfil sócio-econômico e demográfico: Projeto Bambuí.

A nutritional survey was performed in a random sample of 546 individuals (ages 18 and over) in a city named Bambuí (15,000 inhabitants) in Minas Gerais State, Brazil, using the Semi-Quantitative Food Frequency Questionnaire (SFFQ). Median calorie intakes for women and men were 2,807 and 3,775kcal, respectively. Men consumed four times more alcohol than women, and women consumed more carbohydrates, fiber, and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA). The relative consumption of proteins (15%), carbohydrates (57%), and lipids (28%) were adequate in both genders. The average proportions, for all participants, of an inadequate share of lipids, saturated fatty acids (SFA), PUFA, and cholesterol in the total calorie intake were, respectively, 36%, 90%, and 50%, and were more pronounced in men than in women. The lipid, SFA, and PUFA intake for women and the lipid and SFA intake for men increased with income. The PUFA/SFA ratio and the PUFA and dietary fiber intake were below the recommended levels in both genders. Dietary habits presented a differential inadequacy, suggesting possible population risk clusters for cardiovascular diseases.

Consumo alimentar da populaçäo adulta segundo perfil sócio-econômico e demográfico: Projeto Bambuí / Food intake according to socioeconomic and demographic profile: the Bambuí Project

Foi realizado inquérito nutricional em amostra probabilística de 546 indivíduos (idade > 18 anos), residentes na cidade de Bambuí (15 mil habitantes), Minas Gerais, Brasil, utilizando-se o Questionário Semiquantitativo de Freqüência Alimentar (QSFA). A mediana de ingestäo calórica entre mulheres e homens foi de 2.807 e 3.775kcal, respectivamente. Homens ingeriram quatro vezes mais álcool que mulheres e estas, mais carboidratos, fibras e ácidos graxos polinsaturados (AGP). A distribuiçäo de proteínas (15 por cento), carboidratos (57 por cento) e lipídios (28 por cento) foi adequada. As proporções médias de inadequaçäo da participaçäo de lipídios, ácidos graxos saturados (AGS), AGP e colesterol na energia total foram, respectivamente, 36 por cento, 50 por cento e 90 por cento, sendo mais pronunciadas entre os homens. A ingestäo de lipídios, AGS e AGP, entre mulheres, e de lipídios e AGS entre homens, aumentou de acordo com a renda. A ingestäo de AGP e fibras e a relaçäo AGP/AGS estavam abaixo do recomendado nos dois gêneros. A dieta apresentou proporções de inadequaçäo diferenciais, sugerindo possíveis agregados de risco à saúde da populaçäo para doenças cardiovasculares