RESUMO
A retrospective study was conducted comparing anatrophic nephrolithotomy (10 cases), percutaneous nephrolithotomy alone (4 cases) or percutaneous nephrolithotomy combined with extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (23 cases) for the treatment of large staghorn calculi. A comparison based on collecting system anatomy demonstrated that anatrophic nephrolithotomy resulted in a greater stone-free rate, shorter hospitalization and lower costs while complication rates were similar. Anatrophic nephrolithotomy should still be considered a viable treatment option, especially for patients with large branched calculi in complex collecting systems.
Assuntos
Cálculos Renais/terapia , Litotripsia , Nefrostomia Percutânea , Adulto , Idoso , Feminino , Humanos , Rim/diagnóstico por imagem , Rim/cirurgia , Cálculos Renais/diagnóstico por imagem , Cálculos Renais/cirurgia , Litotripsia/efeitos adversos , Litotripsia/economia , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Nefrostomia Percutânea/efeitos adversos , Nefrostomia Percutânea/economia , RadiografiaRESUMO
Five educators concerned with changes occurring in the financing of medical education and care reviewed the present status of residency programs and their financing. Future support depends on political decisions as well as demonstrable needs. The effects of anticipated reductions in funding for residents and their programs may be countered by the development of alternative sources and the restructuring of present programs for more efficient operation. The need for leadership is clear.
Assuntos
Internato e Residência , Apoio ao Desenvolvimento de Recursos Humanos , Urologia/educação , Custos e Análise de Custo , Educação de Pós-Graduação em Medicina/economia , Financiamento Governamental , Organização do Financiamento , Internato e Residência/economia , Estados UnidosRESUMO
Seventy patients were administered either Probucol, an anti-cholesterol agent or a placebo in a double blind manner for a period of 1 year in an effort to assess the effectiveness of this agent in treating benign prostatic hyperplasia. Sensation of incomplete voiding and peak and mean voiding flow rates showed a trend which indicated a therapeutic effect, however, this effect was comparable for both placebo and the drug group. This is interpreted as indicating the effectiveness of standard urologic therapy, and double blind trials are therefore needed in assessing different agents for the medical management of benign prostatic hyperplasia.