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Prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) PET/CT has been widely integrated into the management of prostate cancer (PCa) patients with biochemical recurrence, is increasingly used for initial staging in high-risk patients prior to surgery or to identify candidates for PSMA-targeted radioligand therapy (RLT). To date, monitoring response in PCa patients in prospective studies remains the domain of conventional imaging, such as magnetic resonance/CT or bone scintigraphy. With the increasing use of PSMA-targeted PET/CT in PCa, however, varying criteria based on molecular imaging have been established to define progressive disease, including "PSMA PET Progression Criteria," "Response evaluation criteria in PSMA PET/CT (RECIP 1.0)" or consensus statements of respective societies. In the present review, we will discuss the current status of PSMA PET/CT for response monitoring, focusing on PSMA RLT with [177Lu]Lu-labeled PSMA ligands, along with a head-to-head comparison of recently published response criteria.
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Tomografia por Emissão de Pósitrons combinada à Tomografia Computadorizada , Neoplasias da Próstata , Masculino , Humanos , Tomografia por Emissão de Pósitrons combinada à Tomografia Computadorizada/métodos , Estudos Prospectivos , Neoplasias da Próstata/diagnóstico por imagem , Neoplasias da Próstata/radioterapia , Imageamento por Ressonância MagnéticaRESUMO
(1) Background: Prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) positron emission tomography (PET)-derived parameters, such as the commonly used standardized uptake value (SUV) and PSMA-positive tumor volume (PSMA-TV), have been proposed for response assessment in metastatic prostate cancer (PCa) patients. However, the calculation of whole-body PSMA-TV remains a time-consuming procedure. We hypothesized that it may be possible to quantify changes in PSMA-TV by considering only a limited number of representative lesions. (2) Methods: Sixty-five patients classified into different disease stages were assessed by PSMA PET/CT for staging and restaging after therapy. Whole-body PSMA-TV and whole-body SUVmax were calculated. We then repeated this calculation only including the five or ten hottest or largest lesions. The corresponding serum levels of prostate-specific antigen (PSA) were also determined. The derived delta between baseline and follow-up values provided the following parameters: ΔSUVmaxall, ΔSUVmax10, ΔSUVmax5, ΔPSMA-TVall, ΔPSMA-TV10, ΔPSMA-TV5, ΔPSA. Finally, we compared the findings from our whole-body segmentation with the results from our keyhole approach (focusing on a limited number of lesions) and correlated all values with the biochemical response (ΔPSA). (3) Results: Among patients with metastatic hormone-sensitive PCa (mHSPC), none showed a relevant deviation for ΔSUVmax10/ΔSUVmax5 or ΔPSMA-TV10/ΔPSMA-TV5 compared to ΔSUVmaxall and ΔPSMA-TVall. For patients treated with taxanes, up to 6/21 (28.6%) showed clinically relevant deviations between ΔSUVmaxall and ΔSUVmax10 or ΔSUVmax5, but only up to 2/21 (9.5%) patients showed clinically relevant deviations between ΔPSMA-TVall and ΔPSMA-TV10 or ΔPSMA-TV5. For patients treated with radioligand therapy (RLT), up to 5/28 (17.9%) showed clinically relevant deviations between ΔSUVmaxall and ΔSUVmax10 or ΔSUVmax5, but only 1/28 (3.6%) patients showed clinically relevant deviations between ΔPSMA-TVall and ΔPSMA-TV10 or ΔPSMA-TV5. The highest correlations with ΔPSA were found for ΔPSMA-TVall (r ≥ 0.59, p ≤ 0.01), followed by ΔPSMA-TV10 (r ≥ 0.57, p ≤ 0.01) and ΔPSMA-TV5 (r ≥ 0.53, p ≤ 0.02) in all cohorts. ΔPSA only correlated with ΔSUVmaxall (r = 0.60, p = 0.02) and with ΔSUVmax10 (r = 0.53, p = 0.03) in the mHSPC cohort, as well as with ΔSUVmaxall (r = 0.51, p = 0.01) in the RLT cohort. (4) Conclusion: Response assessment using PSMA-TV with a reduced number of lesions is feasible, and may allow for a simplified evaluation process for PSMA PET/CT.
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Powder flowability is key to achieving high process stability and part quality by application of smooth and dense layers in selective laser sintering (SLS). This study sheds light on the rarely investigated effect of tribo-electric charge build-up during powder delivery in the SLS process. This is achieved by a novel approach to quantify electrostatic potentials during doctor blading. The presented model setup is used in combination with charge spectrometry and impedance spectroscopy to investigate the alterations in tribo-electric charging behavior for the most commonly used laser sintering material polyamide 12 in its virgin and aged, c.f. reused, states. We show that the electrostatic charge build-up is significantly enhanced for aged polymer powder material, likely contributing to altered performance in SLS processing.
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AIMS: Implementation of the guidelines on the Competency-based Learning Objective Catalogue for Undergraduate Medical Education for a Nuclear Medicine curriculum on behalf of the committee on professional training and continuing education of the German Association of Nuclear Medicine (DGN) METHODS:: In 7 domains 100 learning objectives (LOs) were subject to a prioritization in 3 categories (A, B and C) by means of a questionnaire as part of a Delphi method, in collaboration with all members of the DGN holding a "venia legendi" as experts. Category A defined the essential LOs for each medical practitioner. The prioritization was made by ranking the frequency of the A-classifications. In the 2nd step of the Delphi method, a list of LOs with the ranking positions 1-5 in each domain was presented to the first round's experts as a core curriculum, asking either for acceptance or modifications. RESULTS: The results of the 1st step of the Delphi method deliver a return rate of 29% of the questionnaires (55 out of 184). The 2nd round shows a return rate of 30.9% (57 out of 184) and full approval of the proposed LOs in all LO domains by in median 72 % of the experts consulted (61%-81%). The present final version contains 37 competency-based LOs in the LO domains "legal basis and radiation protection", "basic science", indications and contra-indications for "PET/CT", "scintigraphy and SPECT", "patient preparation", "image interpretation" as well as "therapy". CONCLUSION: The Competency-based Learning Objective Catalogue for Nuclear Medicine describes the knowledge and competencies, every physician should have at the end of his medical studies. The LO catalogue is a living document, which needs to be adapted continuously to the progress of the medical and technological development.
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Catálogos como Assunto , Competência Clínica , Educação Baseada em Competências/métodos , Educação Baseada em Competências/normas , Currículo/normas , Educação de Graduação em Medicina/organização & administração , Erros Médicos/prevenção & controle , Alemanha , Humanos , Segurança do PacienteRESUMO
As an orphan malignancy, only limited treatment options are available in adrenocortical carcinoma (ACC). Non-invasive risk assessment has not been described but may be of value to stratify patients for treatment. We aimed to evaluate the potential value of intra-individual tumor heterogeneity as assessed by (18)F-fluorodeoxyglucose ((18)F-FDG) positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) for outcome prediction in treatment-naïve ACC patients. Ten patients with primary diagnosis of ACC were included in this study. Prior to any treatment initiation, baseline (18)F-FDG PET scans were performed. Tumor staging was performed using the European Network for the Study of Adrenal Tumors (ENS@T). Intratumoral heterogeneity of the primary tumor was assessed by manual segmentation using conventional PET parameters (standardized uptake values and tumor-to-liver ratios) and textural features. The impact of tumoral heterogeneity based on pre-therapeutic (18)F-FDG PET to predict progression-free (PFS) and overall survival (OS) was evaluated by receiver operating characteristic analysis. On average, tumor recurrence or progression was detected after median of 561 days (range 71-1434 days) after the pre-therapeutic baseline PET scan. 50 % of the patients died of ACC within the follow-up period (mean 983 ± 404 days). Pre-therapeutic tumor volume was associated with PFS (r = -0.67, p = 0.05) and Ki67 index with OS (r = -0.66, p = 0.04). ENS@T tumor stage was the only parameter to correlate with both PFS and OS (r = -0.82, p = 0.001, and r = -0.72, p = 0.01, respectively). In the subgroup of patients without distant metastases (ENS@T stages II and III), age and pre-therapeutic tumor volume correlated significantly with PFS (r = 0.96, p = 0.01 and r = -0.93, p = 0.02, respectively) and OS (r = 0.95, p = 0.02 and r = -0.90, p = 0.04, respectively). None of the investigated classic or textural PET parameters predicted PFS or OS. In this pilot study in treatment-naïve ACC patients, conventional (18)F-FDG PET-derived parameters and textural tumor heterogeneity features were not suitable to identify high-risk patients.
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Neoplasias do Córtex Suprarrenal/diagnóstico por imagem , Carcinoma Adrenocortical/diagnóstico por imagem , Tomografia por Emissão de Pósitrons , Adolescente , Neoplasias do Córtex Suprarrenal/patologia , Carcinoma Adrenocortical/patologia , Adulto , Idoso , Feminino , Fluordesoxiglucose F18 , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Estadiamento de Neoplasias , Prognóstico , Carga Tumoral , Adulto JovemAssuntos
Neoplasias Pulmonares/diagnóstico , Neoplasias Pulmonares/patologia , Estadiamento de Neoplasias/economia , Tomografia por Emissão de Pósitrons/economia , Tomografia Computadorizada por Raios X/economia , Carcinoma Pulmonar de Células não Pequenas/diagnóstico , Carcinoma Pulmonar de Células não Pequenas/diagnóstico por imagem , Carcinoma Pulmonar de Células não Pequenas/patologia , Análise Custo-Benefício , Humanos , Neoplasias Pulmonares/diagnóstico por imagemRESUMO
UNLABELLED: Although the diagnostic effectiveness of integrated PET/CT for staging of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) has already been proven, it remains to be determined if tumor staging with combined metabolic and anatomic imaging is also cost-effective. The objective of this study was to evaluate from a payers' perspective the cost-effectiveness of staging NSCLC with CT alone (representing the mainstay diagnostic test) and with integrated PET/CT. METHODS: The study is based on 172 NSCLC patients from a prospective clinical study who underwent diagnostic, contrast-enhanced helical CT and integrated PET/CT. Imaging was performed at the University Hospital Ulm between May 2002 and December 2004. To calculate treatment costs, we differentiated among cost for diagnosis, cost for nonsurgical treatment according to the clinical diagnosis, and cost for surgical procedures according to the clinical tumor stage. RESULTS: The diagnostic effectiveness in terms of correct TNM staging was 40% (31/77) for CT alone and 60% (46/77) for PET/CT. For the assessment of resectability (tumor stages Ia-IIIa vs. IIIb-IV), 65 of 77 patients (84%) were staged correctly by PET/CT (CT alone, 70% [54/77]). The incremental cost-effectiveness ratios per correctly staged patient were $3,508 for PET/CT versus CT alone. The incremental cost-effectiveness ratios per quality-adjusted life year gained were $79,878 for PET/CT vs. CT alone, decreasing to $69,563 assuming a reduced loss of utility (0.10 quality-adjusted life years) due to surgical morbidity. CONCLUSION: Cost-effectiveness analyses showed that costs for PET/CT are within the commonly accepted range for diagnostic tests or therapies. Therefore, reimbursement of PET/CT for NSCLC staging can be also recommended from an economic point of view.
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Carcinoma Pulmonar de Células não Pequenas/economia , Carcinoma Pulmonar de Células não Pequenas/patologia , Neoplasias Pulmonares/economia , Neoplasias Pulmonares/patologia , Estadiamento de Neoplasias/economia , Tomografia por Emissão de Pósitrons/economia , Tomografia Computadorizada por Raios X/economia , Idoso , Carcinoma Pulmonar de Células não Pequenas/diagnóstico por imagem , Análise Custo-Benefício , Tomada de Decisões , Feminino , Humanos , Reembolso de Seguro de Saúde/economia , Neoplasias Pulmonares/diagnóstico por imagem , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Modelos de Riscos Proporcionais , Anos de Vida Ajustados por Qualidade de Vida , Sensibilidade e EspecificidadeRESUMO
PURPOSE: [(11)C]Choline has been established as a PET tracer for imaging prostate cancer. The aim of this study was to determine whether [(11)C]choline can be used for monitoring the effects of therapy in a prostate cancer mouse xenograft model. METHODS: The androgen-independent human prostate cancer cell line PC-3 was implanted subcutaneously into the flanks of 13 NMRI (nu/nu) mice. All mice were injected 4-6 weeks after xenograft implantation with 37 MBq [(11)C]choline via a tail vein. Dynamic imaging was performed for 60 min with a small-animal PET/CT scanner (Siemens Medical Solutions). Six mice were subsequently injected intravenously with docetaxel twice (days 1 and 5) at a dose of 3 mg/kg body weight. Seven mice were treated with PBS as a control. [(11)C]Choline imaging was performed prior to and 1, 2 and 3 weeks after treatment. To determine choline uptake the images were analysed in terms of tumour-to-muscle (T/M) ratios. Every week the size of the implanted tumour was determined with a sliding calliper. RESULTS: The PC-3 tumours could be visualized by [(11)C]choline PET. Before treatment the T/M(mean) ratio was 1.6+/-0.5 in the control group and 1.8+/-0.4 in the docetaxel-treated group (p=0.65). There was a reduction in the mean [(11)C]choline uptake after docetaxel treatment as early as 1 week after initiation of therapy (T/M ratio 1.8+/-0.4 before treatment, 0.9+/-0.3 after 1 week, 1.1+/-0.3 after 2 weeks and 0.8+/-0.2 after 3 weeks). There were no decrease in [(11)C]choline uptake in the control group following treatment (T/M ratio 1.6+/-0.5 before treatment, 1.7+/-0.4 after 1 week, 1.8+/-0.7 after 2 weeks and 1.7+/-0.4 after 3 weeks). For analysis of the dynamic data, a generalized estimation equation model revealed a significant decrease in the T/M(dyn) ratios 1 week after docetaxel treatment, and the ratio remained at that level through week 3 (mean change -0.93+/-0.24, p<0.001, after 1 week; -0.78+/-0.21, p<0.001, after 2 weeks; -1.08+/-0.26, p<0.001, after 3 weeks). In the control group there was no significant decrease in the T/M(dyn) ratios (mean change 0.085+/-0.39, p=0.83, after 1 week; 0.31+/-0.48, p=0.52, after 2 weeks; 0.11+/-0.30, p=0.72, after 3 weeks). Metabolic changes occurred 1 week after therapy and preceded morphological changes of tumour size during therapy. CONCLUSION: Our results demonstrate that [(11)C]choline has the potential for use in the early monitoring of the therapeutic effect of docetaxel in a prostate cancer xenograft animal model. The results also indicate that PET with radioactively labelled choline derivatives might be a useful tool for monitoring responses to taxane-based chemotherapy in patients with advanced prostate cancer.
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Biomarcadores Tumorais , Colina , Neoplasias da Próstata/diagnóstico por imagem , Neoplasias da Próstata/terapia , Ensaios Antitumorais Modelo de Xenoenxerto , Animais , Radioisótopos de Carbono , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Docetaxel , Humanos , Masculino , Camundongos , Tomografia por Emissão de Pósitrons , Neoplasias da Próstata/patologia , Taxoides/farmacologia , Taxoides/uso terapêutico , Tomografia Computadorizada por Raios X , Resultado do Tratamento , Carga Tumoral/efeitos dos fármacosRESUMO
PET and PET/CT have changed the diagnostic algorithm in oncology. Health care systems worldwide have recently approved reimbursement for PET and PET/CT for staging of non-small cell lung cancer and differential diagnosis of solitary pulmonary nodules because PET and PET/CT have been found to be cost-effective for those uses. Additional indications that are covered by health care systems in the United States and several European countries include staging of gastrointestinal tract cancers, breast cancer, malignant lymphoma, melanoma, and head and neck cancers. Regarding these indications, diagnostic effectiveness and superiority over conventional imaging modalities have been shown, whereas cost-effectiveness has been demonstrated only in part. This article reports on the current knowledge of economic evaluations of PET and PET/CT in oncologic applications. Because more economic evaluations are needed for several clinical indications, we also report on the methodologies for conducting economic evaluations of diagnostic tests and suggest an approach toward the implementation of these tests in future clinical studies.
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Custos e Análise de Custo/métodos , Oncologia/economia , Oncologia/métodos , Neoplasias/diagnóstico por imagem , Tomografia por Emissão de Pósitrons/economia , Tomografia Computadorizada por Raios X/economia , Animais , Ensaios Clínicos como Assunto/tendências , Humanos , Estadiamento de Neoplasias , Neoplasias/economia , Neoplasias/patologia , Tomografia por Emissão de Pósitrons/estatística & dados numéricos , Tomografia Computadorizada por Raios X/estatística & dados numéricosRESUMO
PET and PET/CT have changed the diagnostic algorithm in oncology. Health care systems worldwide have recently approved reimbursement for PET and PET/CT for staging of non-small cell lung cancer and differential diagnosis of solitary pulmonary nodules because PET and PET/CT have been found to be cost-effective for those uses. Additional indications that are covered by health care systems in the United States and several European countries include staging of gastrointestinal tract cancers, breast cancer, malignant lymphoma, melanoma, and head and neck cancers. Regarding these indications, diagnostic effectiveness and superiority over conventional imaging modalities have been shown, whereas cost-effectiveness has been demonstrated only in part. This article reports on the current knowledge of economic evaluations of PET and PET/CT in oncologic applications. Because more economic evaluations are needed for several clinical indications, we also report on the methodologies for conducting economic evaluations of diagnostic tests and suggest an approach toward the implementation of these tests in future clinical studies.
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Neoplasias/diagnóstico por imagem , Tomografia por Emissão de Pósitrons/economia , Radioterapia (Especialidade)/economia , Radioterapia (Especialidade)/métodos , Tomografia Computadorizada por Raios X/economia , Animais , Análise Custo-Benefício , Diagnóstico Diferencial , Humanos , Neoplasias/diagnóstico , Neoplasias/patologia , Radioterapia (Especialidade)/tendênciasRESUMO
PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate prospectively, whether integrated 2-deoxy-2-[(18)F]fluoro-D: -glucose positron emission tomography-computed tomography (FDG-PET-CT) is more accurate for determination musculoskeletal tumors compared with separate interpretation of CT and FDG-PET, because most of the current clinical data come from patients studied with PET. METHODS: Eighty patients with newly diagnosed musculoskeletal tumors underwent FDG-PET-CT. CT, FDG-PET, and FDG-PET-CT were interpreted separately to determine the performance of each imaging modality. RESULTS: Assuming that equivocal lesions are benign, performance of diagnostic tests was as follows: sensitivity, specificity and accuracy for CT alone was 81, 84, 83%, for PET 71, 82, 76, and for PET-CT 80, 83 and 86%. Assuming that equivocal lesions are malignant, sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy for CT was 61, 100, 70%, for PET 69, 100, 79, and for PET-CT 69, 100 and 79%. CONCLUSIONS: Combined FDG-PET-CT reliably differentiates soft tissue and bone tumors from benign lesions. The value of the information provided by FDG-PET-CT for planning surgical procedures must be evaluated in further studies.
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Neoplasias Ósseas/diagnóstico , Fluordesoxiglucose F18 , Neoplasias Musculares/diagnóstico , Tomografia por Emissão de Pósitrons , Compostos Radiofarmacêuticos , Neoplasias de Tecidos Moles/diagnóstico , Tomografia Computadorizada por Raios X , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Criança , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Estudos Prospectivos , Adulto JovemRESUMO
PURPOSE: To evaluate 3'-deoxy-3'-[(18)F]fluorothymidine-positron emission tomography (FLT-PET) for early monitoring response of high-grade non-Hodgkin's lymphoma to treatment with cyclophosphamide-adriamycin-vincristine-prednisone chemotherapy with or without rituximab immunotherapy (R-CHOP/CHOP). EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: Twenty-two patients with histologically proven high-grade non-Hodgkin's lymphoma scheduled to undergo first line treatment with R-CHOP/CHOP were included. All patients received baseline imaging before therapy with FLT-PET. For noninvasive assessment of treatment response, FLT-PET was repeated at following time points: group 1 (n = 6), 1 and 6 weeks after R-CHOP/CHOP; group 2 (n = 16), 2 days after rituximab and 2 days after CHOP application. Emission images were acquired 45 min after injection of 300 to 370 MBq of FLT. FLT uptake was quantified by region-of-interest technique on a lesion basis. Maximum standardized uptake values (SUV) for FLT were calculated using circular region of interest (diameter, 1.5 cm). RESULTS: In all patients, morphologically proven lesions showed initially high FLT uptake (mean SUV, 8.1 +/- 3.9). In group 1, mean FLT SUV decreased 7 days after R-CHOP/CHOP by 77% (P < 0.001), the reduction in FLT SUV from baseline was 85% after 40 days (P = 0.003). In group 2, FLT uptake in patients without dexamethasone pretreatment revealed no significant reduction after rituximab (P = 0.3) but significantly decreased 2 days after CHOP to 32% compared with the baseline value (P = 0.004). CONCLUSIONS: Administration of R-CHOP/CHOP is associated with an early decrease in lymphoma FLT uptake. Interestingly, there was no reduction of FLT uptake after rituximab alone, indicating no early antiproliferative effect of immunotherapy. FLT-PET seems to be promising for early evaluation of drug effects in lymphoma.
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Radioisótopos de Flúor , Linfoma não Hodgkin/diagnóstico por imagem , Compostos Radiofarmacêuticos , Timidina , Adulto , Idoso , Anticorpos Monoclonais/administração & dosagem , Anticorpos Monoclonais Murinos , Protocolos de Quimioterapia Combinada Antineoplásica/uso terapêutico , Ciclofosfamida/uso terapêutico , Doxorrubicina/uso terapêutico , Feminino , Humanos , Linfoma não Hodgkin/tratamento farmacológico , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Tomografia por Emissão de Pósitrons , Prednisona/uso terapêutico , Rituximab , Resultado do Tratamento , Vincristina/uso terapêuticoRESUMO
PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to determine whether the thymidine analogue 3'-deoxy-3'-[(18)F]fluorothymidine ([(18)F]FLT) is adequate for early evaluation of the response of malignant lymphoma to antiproliferative treatment in a mouse xenotransplant model. METHODS: Immunodeficient mice bearing a follicular lymphoma xenotransplant were treated with high-dose chemotherapy (cyclophosphamide, n = 10), immunotherapy (CD20 mAb, ibritumomab-tiuxetan, n = 10) or radioimmunotherapy ([(90)Y]CD20 mAb, Zevalin, n = 10). Forty-eight hours after treatment, antiproliferative effects were assessed with [(18)F]FLT. Ninety minutes after i.v. injection of 5-10 MBq [(18)F]FLT, mice were sacrificed and radioactivity within the tumour and normal organs was measured using a gamma counter and calculated as % ID/g. The proliferation fraction in tissue samples derived from treated and untreated tumours was evaluated by Ki-67 immunohistochemistry, which served as the reference for proliferative activity. RESULTS: In untreated lymphoma, the mean proliferation fraction was 83.6%. After chemotherapy, the mean proliferation fraction decreased to 39.3% (p = 0.0001), after immunotherapy to 77.6% (p = 0.0078) and after radioimmunotherapy to 78.8% (p = 0.014). In none of the animals was a significant change in tumour size observed. In untreated lymphoma, tumoural [(18)F]FLT uptake was 5.4% ID/g, after chemotherapy it was 1.5% (p = 0.0005), after immunotherapy, 3.9% (non-significant), and after radioimmunotherapy, 5.8% (non-significant). CONCLUSION: In a lymphoma xenotransplant model, [(18)F]FLT detects early antiproliferative drug activity before changes in tumour size are visible. These findings further support the use of [(18)F]FLT-PET for imaging early response to treatment in malignant lymphoma.
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Didesoxinucleosídeos/farmacocinética , Linfoma/diagnóstico por imagem , Linfoma/terapia , Animais , Humanos , Linfoma/metabolismo , Camundongos , Cintilografia , Compostos Radiofarmacêuticos/farmacocinética , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Objective of the present study was to assess activity or vascularization of focal liver lesions in alveolar echinococcosis (AE) using [18F]fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (FDG-PET) in comparison with contrast enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) and three-phase helical computed tomography (CT). METHODS: In this prospective study, 17 patients with confirmed AE of the liver were included (6 males, 11 females; average age: 59 +/- 16 years; average duration of disease: 10.5 years) and were then examined using FDG-PET, precontrast ultrasound (US), CEUS, and three-phase helical CT. We assessed metabolic activity (FDG-PET) and vascularization (CEUS and CT) of Echinococcus multilocularis specific hepatic lesions. RESULTS: FDG-PET identified increased metabolic activity in the corresponding lesions in seven patients (41.2%). A vascularization pattern of echinococcal lesions was visualized in 9 patients (52.9%) by CEUS and in 4 patients (23.5%) by CT. All positive FDG-PET findings were also positive at CEUS. CONCLUSIONS: There was association between findings of metabolic activity in AE at FDG-PET and vascularized lesions of the liver returned by CEUS. This suggests that CEUS may represent a cost-effective tool in the decision making to perform FDG-PET examination.
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Equinococose Hepática/diagnóstico por imagem , Tomografia por Emissão de Pósitrons/métodos , Tomografia Computadorizada Espiral/métodos , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Meios de Contraste , Equinococose , Feminino , Fluordesoxiglucose F18 , Humanos , Iohexol/análogos & derivados , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Fosfolipídeos , Estudos Prospectivos , Compostos Radiofarmacêuticos , Hexafluoreto de Enxofre , UltrassonografiaRESUMO
PURPOSE: To develop guidelines for performing and interpreting positron emission tomography (PET) imaging for treatment assessment in patients with lymphoma both in clinical practice and in clinical trials. METHODS: An International Harmonization Project (IHP) was convened to discuss standardization of clinical trial parameters in lymphoma. An imaging subcommittee developed consensus recommendations based on published PET literature and the collective expertise of its members in the use of PET in lymphoma. Only recommendations subsequently endorsed by all IHP subcommittees were adopted. RECOMMENDATIONS: PET after completion of therapy should be performed at least 3 weeks, and preferably at 6 to 8 weeks, after chemotherapy or chemoimmunotherapy, and 8 to 12 weeks after radiation or chemoradiotherapy. Visual assessment alone is adequate for interpreting PET findings as positive or negative when assessing response after completion of therapy. Mediastinal blood pool activity is recommended as the reference background activity to define PET positivity for a residual mass > or = 2 cm in greatest transverse diameter, regardless of its location. A smaller residual mass or a normal sized lymph node (ie, < or = 1 x 1 cm in diameter) should be considered positive if its activity is above that of the surrounding background. Specific criteria for defining PET positivity in the liver, spleen, lung, and bone marrow are also proposed. Use of attenuation-corrected PET is strongly encouraged. Use of PET for treatment monitoring during a course of therapy should only be done in a clinical trial or as part of a prospective registry.
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Linfoma/diagnóstico por imagem , Linfoma/terapia , Tomografia por Emissão de Pósitrons , Compostos Radiofarmacêuticos , Ensaios Clínicos como Assunto/normas , Humanos , Interpretação de Imagem Assistida por Computador , Cooperação Internacional , Tomografia por Emissão de Pósitrons/métodos , Fatores de Tempo , Tomografia Computadorizada por Raios X , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
UNLABELLED: As bone metastases might be present in lung cancer despite a normal bone scan, we examined various alternatives prospectively. Positron emission tomography using F-18 sodium fluoride (PET) and single photon emission tomography (SPECT) were more sensitive than a planar bone scan. PET was more accurate with a shorter examination time than SPECT but had higher incremental costs. INTRODUCTION: Previous studies have shown that vertebral bone metastases not seen on planar bone scans may be present on F-18 fluoride positron emission tomography (PET) scan or single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT). The purpose of this study was to measure the accuracy, clinical value and cost-effectiveness of tomographic bone imaging. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 103 patients with initial diagnosis of lung cancer was prospectively examined with planar bone scintigraphy (BS), SPECT of the vertebral column and PET using F-18 sodium fluoride (F-18 PET). Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was used for determination of the diagnostic accuracy. A decision-analysis model and the national charge schedule of the German Hospital Association were used for determination of the cost-effectiveness. RESULTS: Thirteen of 33 patients with bone metastases were false negative on BS, 4 on SPECT, and 2 on F-18 PET. The area under the ROC curve was 0.771 for BS, 0.875 for SPECT, and 0.989 for F-18 PET (p < 0.05). As a result of SPECT and F-18 PET imaging, clinical management was changed in 8 (7.8%) and 10 (9.7%) patients. Compared with BS, the costs per additional correctly diagnosed patient were 1272 Euro with SPECT and 2861 Euro with F-18 PET. The threshold for the costs of F-18 PET being more cost-effective than SPECT was 345 EUR. CONCLUSION: Routine performance of tomographic bone imaging improves the therapeutic strategy because of detection of otherwise missed metastases. F-18 PET is more effective than SPECT but is associated with higher incremental costs.
Assuntos
Neoplasias Ósseas/diagnóstico por imagem , Neoplasias Ósseas/secundário , Radioisótopos de Flúor , Neoplasias Pulmonares/diagnóstico por imagem , Fluoreto de Sódio , Tomografia Computadorizada de Emissão de Fóton Único/métodos , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Análise Custo-Benefício , Árvores de Decisões , Feminino , Radioisótopos de Flúor/economia , Alemanha , Humanos , Imageamento por Ressonância Magnética , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Metástase Neoplásica/diagnóstico por imagem , Compostos Radiofarmacêuticos , Reprodutibilidade dos Testes , Sensibilidade e Especificidade , Tomografia Computadorizada de Emissão/economia , Tomografia Computadorizada de Emissão/métodos , Tomografia Computadorizada de Emissão de Fóton Único/economiaRESUMO
We investigated whether uptake of the thymidine analogue 3-deoxy-3-[(18)F]fluorothymidine ([(18)F]FLT) reflects proliferation in solitary pulmonary nodules (SPNs). Thirty patients with SPNs were prospectively examined with positron emission tomography. Standardized uptake values were calculated for quantification of FLT uptake. Histopathology revealed 22 malignant and 8 benign lesions. Proliferation was evaluated by Ki-67 immunostaining and showed a mean proliferation fraction of 30.9% (range, 1-65%) in malignant SPNs and <5% in benign lesions. Linear regression analysis indicated a significant correlation between FLT-standardized uptake values and proliferative activity (P < 0.0001; r = 0.87). FLT uptake was specific for malignant lesions and may be used for differential diagnosis of SPNs, assessment of proliferation, and estimation of prognosis.