Clinical characteristics and outcomes of patients with severe left ventricular dysfunction undergoing cardiac MRI viability assessment prior to revascularization.

Coronary artery bypass grafting improves survival in patients with ischemic cardiomyopathy, however, these patients are at high risk for morbidity and mortality. The role of viability testing to guide revascularization in these patients is unclear. Cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (CMR) has not been studied adequately in this population despite being considered a reference standard for infarct imaging. We performed a multicenter retrospective analysis of patients (n = 154) with severe left ventricular systolic dysfunction [ejection fraction (EF) < 35%] on CMR who underwent CMR viability assessment prior to consideration for revascularization. Using the AHA16-segment model, percent total myocardial viability was determined depending on the degree of transmural scar thickness. Patients with or without revascularization had similar clinical characteristics and were prescribed similar medical therapy. Overall, 43% of patients (n = 66) experienced an adverse event during the median 3 years follow up. For the composite outcome (death, myocardial infarction, heart failure hospitalization, stroke, ventricular tachycardia) patients receiving revascularization were less likely to experience an adverse event compared to those without revascularization (HR 0.53, 95% CI 0.33-0.86, p = 0.01). Patients with > 50% viability on CMR had a 47% reduction in composite events when undergoing revascularization opposed to medical therapy alone (HR 0.53, p = 0.02) whereas patients with a viability < 50% were 2.7 times more likely to experience an adverse event (p = 0.01). CMR viability assessment may be an important tool in the shared decision-making process when considering revascularization options in patients with severe ischemic cardiomyopathy.

Patient Risk Assessment for Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement at Veterans Health Administration Hospitals.

OBJECTIVE: To compare patient-level risk assessment at Veterans Affairs (VA) hospitals in patients undergoing transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) with patients included in the Society for Thoracic Surgeons/American College of Cardiology Transcatheter Valve Therapy (STS/ACC TVT) registry. METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed the outcomes of veterans with severe aortic stenosis (AS) receiving TAVR from 2012-2016 at eight VA hospitals and compared them with TVT registry outcomes from 2012-2015. Patients were identified via administrative data. Univariable and multivariable Cox proportional hazards models were used to examine 30-day and 1-year all-cause mortality, 30-day and 1-year transient ischemic attack/stroke rates, and permanent pacemaker (PPM) implantation rates. RESULTS: During the study period, a total of 726 veterans underwent TAVR including valve-in-valve procedures (n = 50). Patients were predominantly male (98.2%), with mean age of 78.5 ± 9.3 years; 49.1% were at prohibitive risk and 12.1% were at high risk for surgical aortic valve replacement; 30-day and 1-year all-cause mortality rates were 2.5% and 14.7%, respectively; 30-day and 1-year combined TIA/stroke rates were 6.5% and 13.5%, respectively. In the TVT registry, 15.8% and 37.8% of patients were at prohibitive and high risk, respectively; 30-day and 1-year mortality rates were 5.7% and 22.7%, respectively, and stroke rates were 2.1% and 4.0%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: This report on TAVR risk assessment within the VA system demonstrates that despite a large proportion of patients classified as prohibitive risk, TAVR was associated with favorable 30-day and 1-year all-cause mortality rates when compared with published outcomes from the STS/ACC TVT registry.

Outcomes of Veterans Undergoing TAVR Within Veterans Affairs Medical Centers: Insights From the Veterans Affairs Clinical Assessment, Reporting, and Tracking Program.

OBJECTIVES: This study sought to describe clinical and procedural characteristics of veterans undergoing transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) within U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) centers and to examine their association with short- and long-term mortality, length of stay (LOS), and rehospitalization within 30 days. BACKGROUND: Veterans with severe aortic stenosis frequently undergo TAVR at VA medical centers. METHODS: Consecutive veterans undergoing TAVR between 2012 and 2017 were included. Patient and procedural characteristics were obtained from the VA Clinical Assessment, Reporting, and Tracking system. The primary outcomes were 30-day and 1-year survival, LOS >6 days, and rehospitalization within 30 days. Logistic regression and Cox proportional hazards analyses were performed to evaluate the associations between pre-procedural characteristics and LOS and rehospitalization. RESULTS: Nine hundred fifty-nine veterans underwent TAVR at 8 VA centers during the study period, 860 (90%) by transfemoral access, 50 (5%) transapical, 36 (3.8%) transaxillary, and 3 (0.3%) transaortic. Men predominated (939 of 959 [98%]), with an average age of 78.1 years. There were 28 deaths within 30 days (2.9%) and 134 at 1 year (14.0%). Median LOS was 5 days, and 141 veterans were rehospitalized within 30 days (14.7%). Nonfemoral access (odds ratio: 1.74; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.10 to 2.74), heart failure (odds ratio: 2.51; 95% CI: 1.83 to 3.44), and atrial fibrillation (odds ratio: 1.40; 95% CI: 1.01 to 1.95) were associated with increased LOS. Atrial fibrillation was associated with 30-day rehospitalization (hazard ratio: 1.79; 95% CI: 1.22 to 2.63). CONCLUSIONS: Veterans undergoing TAVR at VA centers are predominantly elderly men with significant comorbidities. Clinical outcomes of mortality and rehospitalization at 30 days and 1-year mortality compare favorably with benchmark outcome data outside the VA.