Development of a safe drug administration assessment instrument for nursing students.

OBJECTIVE: to determine the content and face validity of a safe drug administration assessment instrument for nursing students. METHOD: quantitative, descriptive study. The literature on medication errors made by students was analyzed, and an instrument was developed using the Architecture of Integrated Information Systems and the Work Breakdown Structure. Face validity was analyzed using the nominal technique, with experts in education, management, research and/or clinical practice. RESULTS: nine experts participated in the validation process, which resulted in an instrument containing 8 sub-processes and 58 items, adjusted to the simulation environment and to clinical practice. CONCLUSION: the instrument may be used for the evaluation of safe drug administration by nursing students, especially in a simulation environment.

Development of a safe drug administration assessment instrument for nursing students / Elaboração de um roteiro de avaliação de administração segura de medicamentos em estudantes de enfermagem / Elaboración de una pauta de evaluación de administración segura de medicamentos en estudiantes de enfermería

Objective: to determine the content and face validity of a safe drug administration assessment instrument for nursing students. Method: quantitative, descriptive study. The literature on medication errors made by students was analyzed, and an instrument was developed using the Architecture of Integrated Information Systems and the Work Breakdown Structure. Face validity was analyzed using the nominal technique, with experts in education, management, research and/or clinical practice. Results: nine experts participated in the validation process, which resulted in an instrument containing 8 sub-processes and 58 items, adjusted to the simulation environment and to clinical practice. Conclusion: the instrument may be used for the evaluation of safe drug administration by nursing students, especially in a simulation environment.

Objetivo: determinar a validade de face e conteúdo de um roteiro de avaliação de administração segura de medicamentos em estudantes de enfermagem. Método: estudo quantitativo, descritivo. Analisou-se a literatura relativa a erros de medicação em estudantes e elaborou-se um roteiro utilizando a metodologia Arquitetura Integrada de Sistema de Informação e a Estrutura de Decomposição do Trabalho. Analisou-se a validade de face utilizando a técnica nominal com especialistas em educação, gestão, pesquisa e/ou prática clínica. Resultados: nove especialistas participaram de todo o processo de validação, do qual se obteve um roteiro com 8 subprocessos e 58 itens, ajustados ao ambiente de simulação e prática clínica. Conclusão: o roteiro se encontra em condições de ser testado na avaliação da administração segura de medicamentos em estudantes de enfermagem, principalmente em ambiente de simulação.

Objetivo: determinar la validez de aspecto y contenido de una pauta de evaluación de administración segura de medicamentos en estudiantes de enfermería. Método: estudio cuantitativo, descriptivo. Se analizó la literatura respecto a errores de medicación en estudiantes y se creó una pauta utilizando la metodología Arquitectura Integrada de Sistema de Información y la Estructura de Descomposición del Trabajo. Se analizó la validez de aspecto utilizando la técnica nominal con personas expertas en educación, gestión, investigación y/o práctica clínica. Resultados: Nueve personas expertas participaron durante todo el proceso de validación, se obtuvo una pauta con 8 subprocesos y 58 ítems, ajustados al ambiente de simulación y práctica clínica. Conclusión: La pauta se encuentra en condiciones de ser probada en la evaluación de la administración segura de medicamentos en estudiantes de enfermería, especialmente en el ambiente de simulación.

[Cardiovascular prevention and attitude of people towards behavior changes: state of the art]. / Prevensión cardiovascular y actitud de cambio frente a los factores de riesgo: un análisis crítico del estado actual.

In recent years the main focus of cardiovascular prevention has been to identify people without clinical evidence of coronary disease, but with a high risk of developing a clinical event. Long term follow up studies show that a young person with a high "Relative Risk" of presenting a cardiovascular event becomes an adult with a high "Absolute Risk" of suffering it. The aim of primary prevention is to avoid the appearance of cardiovascular diseases, delaying the development of atherosclerosis and its consequences. In this scenario, the first step is to increase awareness among healthy people of their own cardiovascular risk, enhancing their knowledge of their risk parameter values and generating a correct perception of the risk burden that those values mean. Literature review reveals that significant percentages of healthy individuals are unaware of their own values of blood pressure, total cholesterol and blood glucose. Furthermore, people aware of having abnormal parameters have low treatment compliance rates or evidence inconsistency between knowledge and behavior. This paper reviews educational strategies and other factors that influence this knowledge-behavior gap, such as the stages of behavior changes of the Prochaska and Diclemente Model. Evidence has shown that knowledge about cardiovascular risk factors is not enough to influence behavior and that the degree of preparation of people towards behavior changes is a strong predictor of the success of educational and counseling interventions. Local Chilean data from the RICAR project also shows that the profile of behavior change is different for each modifiable cardiovascular risk factor.