The Obesity Effect of Arizona's State Immigration Law Among Hispanic Adolescents.

Since 2010, Arizona's immigration law (SB 1070) has produced unintended racial profiling consequences for Hispanics. Earlier empirical evidence establishes its adverse mental health effects on young Hispanics. This study expands the analysis by introducing obesogenic repercussions. Using Youth Risk Behavior Surveillance System data from 2001 to 2017, Synthetic Control Method techniques are employed to isolate the law's health consequences. Results indicate significant post-2010 deviations from indistinguishable pre-2010 trends in health indicators for Arizona and its synthetic states. After 2010, Arizona's Hispanic youths registered relatively significantly higher incidences of mutually reinforcing mental and physical (obesogenic) indicators, even after accounting for nutritional improvements. Our findings do not discredit weight reduction benefits of favorable diet choices, but rather emphasize the stronger offsetting influence of SB 1070-induced obesogenic health behaviors. Thus, there is a need for policy re-evaluation to curb the law's unintended ramifications and launch more targeted youth-oriented health support programs.

Epidemiology, diagnosis and management of hirsutism: a consensus statement by the Androgen Excess and Polycystic Ovary Syndrome Society.

BACKGROUND: Hirsutism, defined by the presence of excessive terminal hair in androgen-sensitive areas of the female body, is one of the most common disorders in women during reproductive age. METHODS: We conducted a systematic review and critical assessment of the available evidence pertaining to the epidemiology, pathophysiology, diagnosis and management of hirsutism. RESULTS: The prevalence of hirsutism is ~10% in most populations, with the important exception of Far-East Asian women who present hirsutism less frequently. Although usually caused by relatively benign functional conditions, with the polycystic ovary syndrome leading the list of the most frequent etiologies, hirsutism may be the presenting symptom of a life-threatening tumor requiring immediate intervention. CONCLUSIONS: Following evidence-based diagnostic and treatment strategies that address not only the amelioration of hirsutism but also the treatment of the underlying etiology is essential for the proper management of affected women, especially considering that hirsutism is, in most cases, a chronic disorder needing long-term follow-up. Accordingly, we provide evidence-based guidelines for the etiological diagnosis and for the management of this frequent medical complaint.

A risk-benefit assessment of pharmacological therapies for hirsutism.

In recent years, many new therapeutic regimens for hirsutism have been introduced. This has considerably enlarged the different choices of the physician but at the same time has produced considerable confusion and uncertainty as to what is the best possible therapy for the single patient or for the different pathologies of this condition. This review presents data on the characteristics, adverse effects and effective dosage for the more commonly used drugs for hirsutism. In most patients, low doses of antiandrogens (cyproterone acetate, flutamide or spironolactone) are used with few adverse effects and good results in terms of improvement of the hirsutism. Patients with severe hyperandrogenic hirsutism may require larger doses of antiandrogens. In only a few patients, therapy with agents that primarily reduce androgen secretion (mostly a gonadotropin releasing hormone agonist) is needed. In responsive patients, dexamethasone may be used at low doses (associated with an antiandrogen) to prolong the length of the remission. Finally, agents that inhibit 5alpha-reductase activity (finasteride) may be used as alternative to low dose antiandrogen therapy but the results are often less satisfactory.