Efficacy and Safety Assessment of Rivaroxaban for the Treatment of Cerebral Venous Sinus Thrombosis in a Chinese Population.

We aimed to investigate the efficacy and safety of rivaroxaban for acute and long-term management of cerebral venous sinus thrombosis (CVST). This study reviewed CVST-diagnosed patients admitted to the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University from January 2015 to December 2020. The primary outcome was a composite of recurrent thrombosis or major bleeding events. The secondary efficacy outcomes included a disease recovery time (DRT) presenting the time from admission to the endpoint as recovery (the modified Rankin scale [mRS] score [0-1]) within 30 and 90 days, and length of hospital stay (LHS). Patients treated with rivaroxaban (38) and warfarin (45) were enrolled in the final analysis. The primary outcome had no significant difference (5.3% vs 11.1%, P = .576) between the 2 groups. The secondary efficacy outcome regarding the median 30-d DRT was 17 days (95% confidence interval [CI], 14.6-19.4) in the rivaroxaban group, compared with 26.0 days (95% CI, 16.8-35.2) in the warfarin group (hazard ratio, 1.806; 95% CI, 1.051-3.103; log-rank P = .026). Two groups have a significant difference in LHS (P = .041). Patients with cerebral edema, intracerebral hemorrhage, and mild/moderate disability (admission mRS score [2-3]) treated with rivaroxaban recovered faster than those with warfarin (log-rank P < .05). Patients with cerebral edema, intracerebral hemorrhage, and mild/moderate disability treated with rivaroxaban had a shorter recovery time than those treated with warfarin within 1 month from admission, indicating that rivaroxaban a promising convenient therapy for CVST, helping them speedily restore social functions.

Impact of zinc supplementation on the improved fructose/xylose utilization and butanol production during acetone-butanol-ethanol fermentation.

Lignocellulosic biomass and dedicated energy crops such as Jerusalem artichoke are promising alternatives for biobutanol production by solventogenic clostridia. However, fermentable sugars such as fructose or xylose released from the hydrolysis of these feedstocks were subjected to the incomplete utilization by the strains, leading to relatively low butanol production and productivity. When 0.001 g/L ZnSO4·7H2O was supplemented into the medium containing fructose as sole carbon source, 12.8 g/L of butanol was achieved with butanol productivity of 0.089 g/L/h compared to only 4.5 g/L of butanol produced with butanol productivity of 0.028 g/L/h in the control without zinc supplementation. Micronutrient zinc also led to the improved butanol production up to 8.3 g/L derived from 45.2 g/L xylose as sole carbon source with increasing butanol productivity by 31.7%. Moreover, the decreased acids production was observed under the zinc supplementation condition, resulting in the increased butanol yields of 0.202 g/g-fructose and 0.184 g/g-xylose, respectively. Similar improvements were also observed with increasing butanol production by 130.2 % and 8.5 %, butanol productivity by 203.4% and 18.4%, respectively, in acetone-butanol-ethanol fermentations from sugar mixtures of fructose/glucose (4:1) and xylose/glucose (1:2) simulating the hydrolysates of Jerusalem artichoke tubers and corn stover. The results obtained from transcriptional analysis revealed that zinc may have regulatory mechanisms for the sugar transport and metabolism of Clostridium acetobutylicum L7. Therefore, micronutrient zinc supplementation could be an effective way for economic development of butanol production derived from these low-cost agricultural feedstocks.

Enhanced removal of Zn(2+) or Cd(2+) by the flocculating Chlorella vulgaris JSC-7.

Microalgae are attracting attention due to their potentials in mitigating CO2 emissions and removing environmental pollutants. However, harvesting microalgal biomass from diluted cultures is one of the bottlenecks for developing economically viable processes for this purpose. Microalgal cells can be harvested by cost-effective sedimentation when flocculating strains are used. In this study, the removal of Zn(2+) and Cd(2+) by the flocculating Chlorella vulgaris JSC-7 was studied. The experimental results indicated that more than 80% Zn(2+) and 60% Cd(2+) were removed by the microalgal culture within 3 days in the presence up to 20.0mg/L Zn(2+) and 4.0mg/L Cd(2+), respectively, which were much higher than that observed with the culture of the non-flocculating C. vulgaris CNW11. Furthermore, the mechanism underlying this phenomenon was explored by investigating the effect of Zn(2+) and Cd(2+) on the growth and metabolic activities of the microalgal strains. It was found that the flocculation of the microalga improved its growth, synthesis of photosynthetic pigments and antioxidation activity under the stressful conditions, indicating a better tolerance to the heavy metal ions for a potential in removing them more efficiently from contaminated wastewaters, together with a bioremediation of other nutritional components contributed to the eutrophication of aquatic ecosystems.